S-1 (TS-1) maintained complete response for approximately 10 years in a case of metastatic breast cancer
|
|
- Magdalen Pierce
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Breast Cancer Vol. 13 No. 2 April 2006 Case Report S-1 (TS-1) maintained complete response for approximately 10 years in a case of metastatic breast cancer Naruto Taira 1, Kenjiro Aogi 1, Shozo Ohsumi 1, Shigemitsu Takashima 1, Rieko Nishimura 2, Hiroyoshi Doihara 3, and Toshiaki Saeki 4 1 Departments of Surgery, and 2 Departments of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, National Shikoku Cancer Center, 3 Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 Department of Breast Surgery, Saitama Medical School Hospital, Japan We present a patient with pulmonary metastasis from breast cancer who received S-1 (TS-1) and maintained complete response for approximately 10 years after recurrence. A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer in November Her cancer was postoperatively classified as pt2 pn0 M0 Stage IIA. As postoperative adjunctive treatment, tamoxifen and hexylcarbamoyl 1-5-FU (HCFU) were given. During the administration period (30 months after surgery), a solitary pulmonary metastasis occurred. Three months after the start of S-1 (100 mg/body/day), the tumor disappeared on images. Thereafter she took S-1 orally for approximately 10 years, and the pulmonary metastatic focus maintained complete response. In addition, no recurrent focus was observed. The adverse events observed during S-1 treatment were nausea, low-grade neutropenia and pigmentation of fingers. All were mild, and S-1 could be continued. Our case illustrates two important characteristics of S-1. First, S-1 was effective even though this patient had a lung metastasis during adjuvant treatment with HCFU. S-1 is a combined formulation containing 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine (CDHP; gimestat), which inhibits an enzyme that metabolites 5-FU, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Therefore, high 5-FU concentrations are maintained with S-1, and S-1 may be effective in the patients who do not respond to other fluoropyrimidine agents. Second, since S-1 toxicity was mild, long-term treatment for approximately 10 years was possible. Since S-1 contains potassium oxonate (OXO; otastat), gastrointestinal toxicities, the main adverse events of 5-FU agents, could be reduced. The purpose of treatments for metastatic breast cancer is to maintain favorable quality of life (QOL), as well as to improve survival. S-1 could be a valuable agent for breast cancer treatments, since it showed clinical efficacy and mild toxicity, and can be given orally. Breast Cancer 13: , Key words: S-1, TS-1, metastatic breast cancer Introduction In a phase II study of S-1 using 110 patients with metastatic breast cancer, the response rate (RR) was 41.7%, and the median survival time (MST) was 872 days 1). The results of a previous phase II trial indicate that S-1 is well-tolerated and effective in metastatic breast cancer patients. We report a patient with a pulmonary metastasis from breast cancer who received S-1 (TS-1) and maintained complete response for approximately 10 Reprint requests to Naruto Taira, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Shikoku Cancer Center, 13 Horinouchi, Matsuyama-city, Ehime , Japan ntaira@shikoku-cc.go.jp Received March 18, 2005; accepted January 11, 2006 years after recurrence. Case Report A 51-year-old menopausal woman presented in August 1991 with a painless left breast mass. The patient was otherwise entirely healthy without any significant past or current medical problems. Physical examination revealed a cm, irregular shaped, firm, and poorly-defined mass at the upper lateral quadrant of the left breast. The lymph nodes were not palpably enlarged in the left axilla or neck. Primary breast cancer was diagnosed based on the clinical, radiologic and cytologic findings, and modified radical mastectomy 220
2 Breast Cancer Vol. 13 No. 2 April 2006 Fig 1 Histological pictures. Left: Histologic specimen of the breast tumor (hematoxylin-eosin stain) shows the features of invasive ductal carcinoma. Right: Transbronchial lung biopsy histology shows atypical cells within the lymph vessels under the bronchial epithelium. The pulmonary nodule was a breast cancer metastasis. 1994/7/2 1994/8/2 1994/10/4 Fig 2 Chest X-ray. Left: On July 2, 1994, before S-1 administration, a metastatic nodule cm in size was observed in the right middle lung field (black arrow). Center: On August 2, one month after the start of S-1, a 60% reduction in tumor size ( cm) was observed (black arrow). Right: On October 4, three months after the start of S-1, the tumor completely disappeared. was performed in September Pathological examination of the resected specimens revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, lack of lymph node metastasis, and estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity (Fig. 1). According to the UICC- TNM classification, her cancer was pt2 pn0 M0 Stage IIA. Adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen and hexylcarbamoyl 1-5-FU (HCFU) was started. In April 1994, a small nodular lesion 1.0 cm in diameter in the right middle lung field was revealed by follow-up chest X-ray. During a followup period of about two months, the pulmonary nodule gradually enlarged to cm, which indicated malignant tumor (Fig. 2). On a radiologic image, primary lung cancer or pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer was suspected. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed in May, and it was pathologically revealed that the pulmonary nodule was a breast cancer metastasis (Fig. 1). TAM and HCFU were stopped. Systemic close 221
3 Taira N, et al S-1 maintained complete response for 10 years in metastatic breast cancer 1994/7/2 2004/1/19 Fig 3 Chest CT. Left: On July 2, 1994, before S-1 administration, a metastatic nodule was observed. Right: On January 19, 2004, the tumor completely disappeared. The pulmonary nodule first disappeared on chest X-ray on October 4, The patient maintained complete response for approximately 10 years during which tramline shadow (white arrow) was followed by CT. investigations were performed, but no metastasis to other organs or bone was observed. Consent to participate in the clinical study of S-1 for metastatic breast cancer was obtained, and S-1 was started from July 11 with an intermittent dosing regimen (50mg twice daily for 4 weeks every 2 weeks). On August 2, a 60% reduction of the tumor size ( cm) was observed on chest X-ray. On October 4, the pulmonary nodule disappeared on chest X- ray (Fig. 2). Afterwards, the tramline shadow was followed with chest CT (Fig. 3). Systemic close investigations performed on January 19, 2004, showed no metastasis to other organs or bones, and S-1 was stopped on January 29. The adverse events observed during 82 treatment cycles over approximately 10 years were nausea, low-grade neutropenia during the early treatment phase and pigmentation in fingers. They were all mild (Grade 1) according to the National Cancer Institute s Common Toxicity Criteria Version 2.0. As of January 2005, no recurrence of breast cancer had been observed. Discussion This case was treated with adjuvant tamoxifen and HCFU. About 10 years previously, patients with hormone-receptor negative status were treated with tamoxifen at our institution, because it was thought that tamoxifen might still have a small, but statistically significant survival benefit in women with tumors lacking hormone-receptor expression 2). However, the most recent metaanalyses with longer follow-up and a larger sample size do not suggest a survival benefit in such patients 3). In addition, adjuvant treatments with oral fluoropyrimidine compounds were widely used at that time in Japan, although there was no clear evidence of statistically significant survival benefit. Recently, a pooled analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials suggests a survival benefit of an adjuvant oral fluoropyrimidine, UFT, in nodenegative breast cancer patients 4). Further clinical trials might be necessary to clarify the positioning of adjuvant oral fluoropyrimidine in node-negative breast cancer patients, in comparison with standard chemotherapy using agents such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF), and anthracycline-containing regimens. Metastatic breast cancer is unlikely to be cured by any method. Even with the most active therapies, complete remissions are uncommon, and only few of those in remission remain free of disease progression for a prolonged period 5). Because current approaches to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer are not associated with dramatic survival benefits, the focus of treatment is on palliation and QOL improvement. Successful palliative therapy requires the treating physician to reduce disease-related symptoms without 222
4 Breast Cancer Vol. 13 No. 2 April 2006 imposing excessive adverse events associated with treatment-related toxicity. Development of drugs to satisfy these severe demands is an indispensable challenge. A drug is generally considered to be efficacious in the metastatic setting if more than 20% of patients show a response in a phase II trial 6). Response rates of higher than 20% have been reported for several single agents including alkylating agents, anthracyclines and anthraquinones, antimetabolites, vinca alkyloids, and taxanes. The current first-line agent for most patients with hormone refractory metastatic diseases is either taxanes or anthracyclines. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was first introduced in 1957, and it has remained an essential part of the treatment for a wide range of solid tumors including gastrointestinal, head and neck, and breast cancers. In metastatic breast cancer, 5-FU has been widely used in combination with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and anthracycline as CMF or CAF regimens, but these only a few cases in which it is used as monotherapy. Efficacy of 5-FU is markedly limited due to its rapid degradation into 5, 6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil (5-FUH2) via action of the cytosolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in the liver or in tumors. It has been demonstrated that this enzyme deactivates more than 85% of the injected dose of 5-FU, and that the half-life (t1/2) of 5-FU is short (5 to 20 min) 7). Therefore, the efficacy of 5- FU appears to be highly dependent on the dosing schedule: frequent or prolonged infusions are superior to single-bolus administration. The toxicity profile of 5-FU is also schedule-dependent. For the bolus regimen, toxicities include myelosuppression, oral mucositis, and gastrointestinal toxicities such as diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, due to phosphorylation of 5-FU into 5- fluorouridine-5 -monophosphate (5-FUMP) by orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) in the digestive tract 8). For the continuous regimen, toxic reactions include the hand-foot syndrome, which is observed in many cases, but less hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities are observed. Treatment by continuous infusion thus presents advantages compared with treatment by bolus regimen with respect to both anti-tumor activity and toxicity. The development of permanent venous access devices and portable infusion pumps has allowed continuous infusion of 5-FU over prolonged periods. This method was designed to prolong the exposure of cells to the drug and thus enhance anti-tumor activity 9). However, portable infusion pumps are still not convenient, and indwelling catheters may induce complications such as venous thrombosis and infections around the catheter. For these reasons, one of the challenges of cancer research is developing new preparations of 5-FU that diminish or circumvent some of the disadvantages of current 5-FU preparations. The new preparations should reduce toxicity by circumventing certain routes of degradation, should enhance anti-tumor activity by reducing catabolism (use of DPD inhibitor) or by increasing anabolism, and should improve QOL of the patient 10). Capecitabine, UFT and S-1 have been developed as third generation compounds of fluoropyrimidine with the hope of permitting oral administration. S-1 (TS-1) consists of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5- fluorouracil (FTO), a prodrug of 5-FU, and two other compounds, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine (CDHP; gimestat) and potassium oxonate (OXO; otastat), in molar proportions of 1:0.4:1. In this combination formulation, FTO provides stable and prolonged liberation of 5-FU, which is as effective as continuous intravenous infusion of 5- FU. Neither CDHP nor OXO has any anti-tumor activity itself. They act solely as a modulator of 5- FU, and act on different metabolic pathways of 5- FU. CDHP is a potent and reversible inhibitor of DPD; thereby the plasma and tumor 5-FU levels are maintained above a minimal effective concentration for a long period 11). OXO is employed to limit the gastrointestinal toxicity of 5-FU. As described above, 5-FU related gastrointestinal toxicities are ascribed to the phosphorylation of 5-FU in the digestive tract by OPRT. OXO competitively inhibits OPRT after oral administration. The level of 5-FUMP is decreased in the gastrointestinal mucosa, and toxicity is reduced 12, 13). Phase I studies of S-1 have been conducted in Japan, Europe and the US, and Phase II trials in Japan. In a phase II trial of S-1 using 43 patients with advanced gastric cancer, RR is 44% (95% CI, %) and MST is 207 days 14). Grade 3 adverse reactions including decreased hemoglobin values were observed in 2 patients, leucopenia, neutropenia and diarrhea in one patient each. Grade 4 adverse reactions were not seen. In a phase II study of S-1 using 110 patients with metastatic breast cancer, the RR was 41.7% (95% CI, %), and MST is 872 days (95% CI, 572-1,110 days) 1). The incidence of toxicity ( grade 3) 223
5 Taira N, et al S-1 maintained complete response for 10 years in metastatic breast cancer was as follows: neutropenia in 9.1%, anemia in 0.9%, anorexia in 3.6%, stomatitis in 1.8%, nausea/ vomiting in 1.8%, diarrhea in 0.9%, and fatigue in 2.7%. There was no difference in toxicity between elderly (age >65) and younger patients. Hand-foot syndrome, which was observed relatively frequently in a phase II study of capecitabine, was not seen in this S-1 trial. The results of these phase II trials indicate that S-1 is well-tolerated and effective in metastatic breast cancer patients, even if they are elderly. In our case, two important characteristics of S- 1 were conspicuously shown. The first was the effectiveness of co-administration of FTO and CDHP. In this case, lung metastasis occurred during adjuvant treatment with HCFU, a prodrug of 5- FU. Nonetheless, S-1 showed remarkable antitumor activity. Prolongation of high 5-FU concentrations and sufficient efficacy might be achieved as results of DPD inhibition by CDHP in the liver or in tumors. S-1 could show activity in breast cancer patients pretreated with other fluoropyrimidines. The second was that the toxicity of S-1 was tolerable, and long-term administration approximately for 10 years was possible. The QOL of the patient could be maintained during the treatment period without serious adverse events. When treating metastatic breast cancer patients, further treatment is often withdrawn because of toxicity of the agent, instead of efficacy. Accordingly, S-1 might be very attractive because it showed low toxicity and tolerance to long-term oral treatment. Further clinical trials might be necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 in a larger number of patients, and to clarify the positioning of S- 1, in relation to anthracyclines or taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer patients. References 1) Saeki T, Takashima S, Sano M, Horikoshi N, Miura S, Shimizu S, Morimoto K, Kimura M, Aoyama H, Ota J, Noguchi S, Taguchi T: A phase II study of S-1 in patients with metastatic breast cancer- a Japanese trial by the S-1 Cooperative Study Group, Breast Cancer Working Group. Breast Cancer 11: , ) Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group: Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic or immune therapy: 133 randomised trials involving recurrences and deaths among women (part I). Lancet 339:1-15, ) Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group: Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365: , ) Shinzaburo N, Hiroki K, Junichi U, Rikiya A, Shigeto M, Keizo S, Kohei A, Osahiko A: Postoperative adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen, tegafur plus uracil, or both in women with node-negative breast cancer: a pooled analysis of six randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 23: , ) Greenberg PA, Hortobagyi GN, Smith TL, Ziegler LD, Frye DK, Buzdar AU: Long-term follow-up of patients with complete remission following combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 14: , ) Simon R: Design and analysis of clinical trials. In: DeVita J,VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg S eds, Cancer: principles and practice of oncology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, p521, ) Iyer L, Ratain MJ: 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics: causes for variability and strategies for modulation in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 17: , ) Meta analysis Group in Cancer: Toxicity of fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: effect of administration schedule and prognostic factor. J Clin Oncol 16: , ) Benson AB 3rd: Regional and systemic therapies for advanced colorectal carcinoma: randomized clinical trial results. Oncology (Huntingt) 12(Suppl 7):28-34, ) Martino MM, Martino R: Clinical studies of three oral prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (Capecitabine, UFT, S-1): a review. Oncologist 7: , ) Hirata K, Horikoshi N, Aiba K, Okazaki M, Denno R, Sasaki K, Nakano Y, Ishizuka H, Yamada Y, Uno S, Taguchi T, Shirasaka T: Pharmacokinetic study of S- 1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug. Clin Cancer Res 5: , ) Shirasaka T, Shimamoto Y, Fukushima M: Inhibition by oxonic acid of gastrointestinal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil without loss of its antitumor activity in rats. Cancer Res 53: , ) Takechi T, Nakano K, Uchida J, Mita A, Toko K, Takeda S, Unemi N, Shirasaka T: Antitumor activity and low intestinal toxicity of S-1, a new formulation of oral tegafur, in experimental tumor models in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 39: , ) Sakata Y, Ohtsu A, Horikoshi N, Sugimachi K, Mitachi Y, Taguchi T: Late phase II study of novel oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug S-1 (1 M tegafur-0.4 M gimestat-1 M otastat potassium) in advanced gastric cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 34: ,
Two Cases of Bile Duct Carcinoma which Showed Remarkable Response to a Combination of S-1 plus Cisplatinum (CDDP)
Two Cases of Bile Duct Carcinoma which Showed Remarkable Response to a Combination of S-1 plus Cisplatinum (CDDP) Kazuhiko Hayashi, MD Kazumi Uchida, MD Masakazu Yamamoto, MD Kenji Yoshitoshi, MD Ken Takasaki,
More informationEffects of S-1 as a second-line chemotherapy for patients with relapsed pancreatic cancer
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 2: 1313-1317, 2011 Effects of S-1 as a second-line chemotherapy for patients with relapsed pancreatic cancer KEINOSUKE ISHIDO, YOSHIKAZU TOYOKI, DAISUKE KUDO, NORIHISA KIMURA, DAISUKE
More informationRisk factors for 6-month continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer
Gastric Cancer (2013) 16:133 139 DOI 10.1007/s10120-012-0158-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Risk factors for 6-month continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer Toru Aoyama Takaki Yoshikawa Tsutomu
More informationClinical Medicine Insights: Oncology
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology O r i g i n a l R e s e a r c h Open Access Full open access to this and thousands of other papers at http://www.la-press.com. A Phase II Study of S-1 Monotherapy as
More informationAdverse side effects associated to metronomic chemotherapy
Adverse side effects associated to metronomic chemotherapy Elisabetta Munzone, MD Division of Medical Senology Istituto Europeo di Oncologia Milano, Italy LDM: the optimal biological dose Although there
More informationVision of the Future: Capecitabine
Vision of the Future: Capecitabine CHRIS TWELVES Cancer Research Campaign Department of Medical Oncology, University of Glasgow, and Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom Key Words. Capecitabine
More informationEvidence produced in Japan: tegafur-based preparations for postoperative chemotherapy in breast cancer
Breast Cancer (2013) 20:302 309 DOI 10.1007/s12282-013-0451-9 SPECIAL FEATURE The current status and future perspectives of clinical trial groups in Japan Evidence produced in Japan: tegafur-based preparations
More informationIt is a malignancy originating from breast tissue
59 Breast cancer 1 It is a malignancy originating from breast tissue including both early stages which are potentially curable, and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) which is usually incurable. Most breast
More informationMetastatic mechanism of spermatic cord tumor from stomach cancer
Int Canc Conf J (2013) 2:191 195 DOI 10.1007/s13691-013-0-9 CANCER BOARD CONFERENCE Metastatic mechanism of spermatic cord tumor from stomach cancer Masahiro Seike Yoshikazu Kanazawa Ryuji Ohashi Tadashi
More informationHigher expression of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dutpase) may predict the metastasis potential of colorectal cancer
1 Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan; 2 Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; 3 Biostatistics Center, Kurume University,
More informationVinorelbine, methotrexate and fluorouracil (VMF) as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial
Original article Annals of Oncology 14: 699 703, 2003 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg199 Vinorelbine, methotrexate and fluorouracil (VMF) as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized phase II
More informationChemotherapy of colon cancers
Chemotherapy of colon cancers Stage distribution Stage I : 15% T 1,2 NO Stage IV: 20 25% M+ Stage II : 20 30% T3,4 NO Stage III N+: 30 40% clinical stages I, II, or III colon cancer are at risk for having
More informationLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phase II Trial of S-1 as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Ramaswamy Govindan, MD,* Daniel Morgensztern, MD,* Michael D. Kommor, MD, Roy S. Herbst,
More informationSTUDY FINDINGS PRESENTED ON TAXOTERE REGIMENS IN HEAD AND NECK, LUNG AND BREAST CANCER
Contact: Anne Bancillon + 33 (0)6 70 93 75 28 STUDY FINDINGS PRESENTED ON TAXOTERE REGIMENS IN HEAD AND NECK, LUNG AND BREAST CANCER Key results of 42 nd annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical
More informationNCCP Chemotherapy Regimen
QUASAR (Modified) Fluorouracil (370mg/m 2 ) and Folinic Acid (50mg) Weekly INDICATIONS FOR USE: Regimen INDICATION ICD10 Code Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer C18 00428a Adjuvant treatment of
More informationMetronomic chemotherapy for breast cancer
Metronomic chemotherapy for breast cancer M. Colleoni International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG), Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology Metronomic Scheduling and Inhibition
More informationChemotherapy for Adenocarcinoma and Alveolar Cell Carcinoma
Chemotherapy for Adenocarcinoma and Alveolar Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Scott L. Faulkner, M.D., R. Benton Adkins, Jr., M.D., and Vernon H. Reynolds, M.D. ABSTRACT Ten patients with inoperable or recurrent
More informationAdvances in chemotherapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Review Article Page 1 of 5 Advances in chemotherapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer Hirofumi Mukai, Mayuko Ito Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East,
More informationDevelopment of Conventional Chemotherapy in mcrc BSC vs. Chemo, Biochemical modulation, Oral fluoropyrimidines, Developmentof combination chemotherapy
ESMO Preceptorship Colorectal Cancer Colorectal ESMO Cancer Preceptorship Valencia May Program 20-21st 2016 Prague May 22-23rd 2014 Development of Conventional Chemotherapy in mcrc BSC vs. Chemo, Biochemical
More informationTegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil (known as S1) for first-line palliative treatment of advanced gastric cancer
LONDON CANCER NEW DRUGS GROUP RAPID REVIEW Tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil (known as S1) for first-line palliative treatment of advanced gastric cancer Tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil (known as S1) in
More informationFeasibility Study of Docetaxel with Cyclophosphamide as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Japanese Breast Cancer Patients
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009;39(8)478 483 doi:10.1093/jjco/hyp050 Original Articles Feasibility Study of Docetaxel with Cyclophosphamide as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Japanese Breast Cancer Patients Daisuke Takabatake
More informationImmunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and The Histological Characteristics of Biochemically Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancers
Breast Cancer Vol. 14 No. 1 January 2007 Original Article Immunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and The Histological Characteristics of Biochemically Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancers
More informationWhat is Cancer? Petra Ketterl, MD Medical Oncology and Functional Medicine
What is Cancer? Petra Ketterl, MD Medical Oncology and Functional Medicine What is Cancer? Layman s terms: cancer starts when cells grow out of control (in any place in the body) and crowd out normal cells
More informationKey Words. Adjuvant therapy Breast cancer Taxanes Anthracyclines
The Oncologist Mayo Clinic Hematology/Oncology Reviews Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Recommendations for Management Based on Consensus Review and Recent Clinical Trials BETTY A. MINCEY, a,b FRANCES
More informationHorizon Scanning Centre November Vinflunine (Javlor) monotherapy for advanced breast cancer SUMMARY NIHR HSC ID: 7887
Horizon Scanning Centre November 2012 Vinflunine (Javlor) monotherapy for advanced breast cancer SUMMARY NIHR HSC ID: 7887 This briefing is based on information available at the time of research and a
More informationCase Scenario 1. 2/15/2011 The patient received IMRT 45 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction for 25 fractions.
Case Scenario 1 1/3/11 A 57 year old white female presents for her annual mammogram and is found to have a suspicious area of calcification, spread out over at least 4 centimeters. She is scheduled to
More informationThe Role of Capecitabine, an Oral, Enzymatically Activated Fluoropyrimidine, in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
The Role of Capecitabine, an Oral, Enzymatically Activated Fluoropyrimidine, in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer JOANNE L. BLUM U.S. Oncology and Baylor-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas,
More informationImplications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers
日大医誌 75 (1): 10 15 (2016) 10 Original Article Implications of Progesterone Receptor Status for the Biology and Prognosis of Breast Cancers Naotaka Uchida 1), Yasuki Matsui 1), Takeshi Notsu 1) and Manabu
More informationCase Scenario 1. The patient has now completed his neoadjuvant chemoradiation and has been cleared for surgery.
Case Scenario 1 July 10, 2010 A 67-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the mid thoracic esophagus presents for surgical resection. The patient has completed preoperative chemoradiation. This
More informationCase Scenario 1: This case has been slightly modified from the case presented during the live session to add clarity.
Case Scenario 1: This case has been slightly modified from the case presented during the live session to add clarity. Background: 46 year old married premenopausal female with dense breasts has noticed
More informationVISTOGARD will be marketed, sold, and distributed in the US by Wellstat s commercialization
Contact: Torch Communications Jeremiah Hall, 415-349-5016 jeremiah@torchcommunications.com Wellstat Announces FDA Approval of VISTOGARD (Uridine Triacetate), the First Antidote to Treat Overdoses and Early-Onset
More informationThe annual promotion assessment consists of the following components: a. Written examination b. Continuous Assessment
SAUDI FELLOWSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM ADULT MEDICAL ONCOLOGY Promotion Examination 2019 Objectives: The general objective of the annual promotion assessment is to evaluate that the trainee has satisfactorily
More informationTargeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update
Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update ASCO 2007: Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update Bevacizumab is effective in combination with XELOX or FOLFOX-4 Bevacizumab
More informationA case of male inflammatory breast cancer
Int Canc Conf J (2013) 2:183 187 DOI 10.1007/s13691-013-0087-9 CASE REPORT A case of male inflammatory cancer Miki Hyakudomi Toko Inao Yoshimitsu Minari Masayuki Itakura Riruke Maruyama Yoshitsugu Tajima
More informationNCCP Chemotherapy Regimen
Modified Roswell Park (Fluorouracil 500mg/m 2 and Folinic Acid 50mg weekly x 6) Regimen INDICATIONS FOR USE: Regimen INDICATION ICD10 Code Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer C18 00427a Adjuvant
More informationThe association between the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in stage II or III gastric cancer
Kim and Hwang World Journal of Surgical Oncology (2016) 14:102 DOI 10.1186/s12957-016-0845-1 RESEARCH Open Access The association between the duration of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy and
More informationMETRIC Study Key Eligibility Criteria
The METRIC Study METRIC Study Key Eligibility Criteria The pivotal METRIC Study is evaluating glembatumumab vedotin in patients with gpnmb overexpressing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
More informationChemotherapy of Breast Cancer
Japan - Taiwan Joint Symposium on Medical Oncology Session 7 Breast cancer journal homepage:www.cos.org.tw/web/index.asp Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Mei-Ching Liu Department of Medicine, Koo Foundation
More informationBone and CT Scans Are Complementary for Diagnoses of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer When PET Scans Findings Are Equivocal: A Case Report
Bone and CT Scans Are Complementary for Diagnoses of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer When Scans Findings Are Equivocal: A Case Report Yuk-Wah Tsang 1, Jyh-Gang Leu 2, Yen-Kung Chen 3, Kwan-Hwa Chi 1,4
More informationThis clinical study synopsis is provided in line with Boehringer Ingelheim s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data.
abcd Clinical Study for Public Disclosure This clinical study synopsis is provided in line with s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data. The synopsis which is part of the clinical
More information4/13/2010. Silverman, Buchanan Breast, 2003
Tailoring Breast Cancer Treatment: Has Personalized Medicine Arrived? Judith Luce, M.D. San Francisco General Hospital Avon Comprehensive Breast Care Center Outline First, treatment of DCIS Sorting risk
More informationJonathan Dickinson, LCL Xeloda
Xeloda A blockbuster in the making Jonathan Dickinson, LCL Xeloda Xeloda unique tumor-activated mechanism Delivering more cancer-killing agent straight into cancer Highly effective comparable efficacy
More informationCase Scenario 1 History and Physical 3/15/13 Imaging Pathology
Case Scenario 1 History and Physical 3/15/13 The patient is an 84 year old white female who presented with an abnormal mammogram. The patient has a five year history of refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
More informationLow Dose Docetaxel Combined With Low Dose Capecitabine in Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Anthracycline
Low Dose Docetaxel Combined With Low Dose Capecitabine in Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Anthracycline Rabab Mahmoud and Omnia Abd-elfattah Clinical Oncology Department,
More informationVan Cutsem E et al. Proc ASCO 2009;Abstract LBA4509.
Efficacy Results from the ToGA Trial: A Phase III Study of Trastuzumab Added to Standard Chemotherapy in First-Line HER2- Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer Van Cutsem E et al. Proc ASCO 2009;Abstract LBA4509.
More informationThe legally binding text is the original French version
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 29 November 2006 TAXOTERE 20 mg, concentrate and solvent for infusion in single-dose vials of 7 ml, individually packed
More informationA feasibility study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine S-1 in patients with stage II-IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer
90 ORIGINAL A feasibility study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine S-1 in patients with stage II-IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer Mitsuhiro Tsuboi 1, Kazuya Kondo 2, Hiromitsu Takizawa
More informationAbstracting Upper GI Cancer Incidence and Treatment Data Quiz 1 Multiple Primary and Histologies Case 1 Final Pathology:
Abstracting Upper GI Cancer Incidence and Treatment Data Quiz 1 Multiple Primary and Histologies Case 1 A 74 year old male with a history of GERD presents complaining of dysphagia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with non-taxanes for metastatic breast cancer - first line therapy
Bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with non-taxanes for metastatic breast cancer - first line therapy December 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and
More informationRole of Primary Resection for Patients with Oligometastatic Disease
GBCC 2018, April 6, Songdo ConvensiA, Incheon, Korea Panel Discussion 4, How Can We Better Treat Patients with Metastatic Disease? Role of Primary Resection for Patients with Oligometastatic Disease Tadahiko
More informationLow-dose capecitabine (Xeloda) for treatment for gastrointestinal cancer
Med Oncol (2014) 31:870 DOI 10.1007/s12032-014-0870-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Low-dose capecitabine (Xeloda) for treatment for gastrointestinal cancer Jasmine Miger Annika Holmqvist Xiao-Feng Sun Maria Albertsson
More informationBackground: Case Report: Conclusions: Neoplasm Metastasis Breast Neoplasms therapy Aromatase Inhibitors. MeSH Keywords:
ISSN 1941-5923 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.890023 Received: 2013.11.11 Accepted: 2013.12.08 Published: 2014.02.24 Long-term complete remission of metastatic breast cancer, induced by a steroidal aromatase inhibitor
More informationChapter 8 Adenocarcinoma
Page 80 Chapter 8 Adenocarcinoma Overview In Japan, the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma among all cervical cancers has been declining every year. In a recent survey, non-squamous cell carcinoma accounted
More informationNovel Chemotherapy Agents for Metastatic Breast Cancer. Joanne L. Blum, MD, PhD Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center Dallas, TX
Novel Chemotherapy Agents for Metastatic Breast Cancer Joanne L. Blum, MD, PhD Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center Dallas, TX New Chemotherapy Agents in Breast Cancer New classes of drugs Epothilones Halichondrin
More informationPrognostic Factors of Pathologic Stage IB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 17: 58 62 Case Report Prognostic Factors of Pathologic Stage IB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Motoki Yano, MD, Hidefumi Sasaki, MD, Satoru Moriyama, MD, Osamu Kawano MD, Yu
More informationA Phase II Trial of Uracil Tegafur (UFT) in Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Original Article Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access published July 15, 2005 Jpn J Clin Oncol doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi131 A Phase II Trial of Uracil Tegafur (UFT) in Patients with Advanced
More information5/26/16: CT scan of the abdomen showed a multinodular liver disease highly suspicious for metastasis and hydronephrosis of the right kidney.
Bladder Case Scenario 1 History 5/23/16: A 52-year-old male, smoker was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of right pelvic pain, multiple episodes of gross hematuria, dysuria, and extreme
More informationDepartment of Endocrine & Breast Surgery Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India Evidence-Based Pragmatic SGPGI Breast Cancer Management Protocols (Summary) Background:
More informationSentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
ONCOLOGY REPORTS 15: 927-931, 2005 927 Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy YOSUKE TANAKA 1, HIRONORI MAEDA 2, YASUHIRO OGAWA 3, AKIHITO NISHIOKA 3, SATOSHI
More informationSequential Dose-Dense Adjuvant Therapy With Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Cyclophosphamide
Sequential Dose-Dense Adjuvant Therapy With Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Cyclophosphamide Review Article [1] April 01, 1997 By Clifford A. Hudis, MD [2] The recognition of paclitaxel's (Taxol's) activity
More informationBreast Cancer? Breast cancer is the most common. What s New in. Janet s Case
Focus on CME at The University of Calgary What s New in Breast Cancer? Theresa Trotter, MD, FRCPC Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women in Canada, accounting for almost a third of
More informationBCCA Protocol Summary for Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer using Capecitabine
BCCA Protocol Summary for Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer using Capecitabine Protocol Code Tumour Group Contact Physician BRAVCAP Breast Dr. Susan Ellard ELIGIBILITY: First line treatment of metastatic
More informationUnresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer Effectively Treated by Combined Chemo-Immunotherapy: A Report of Two Cases
Case Repot Kurume Medical Journal, 47,177-182, 2000 Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer Effectively Treated by Combined Chemo-Immunorapy: A Report of Two Cases KEISHIRO AOYAGI, KIKUO KOUFUJI, SHOJIRO
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 15 February 2006
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 15 February 2006 Taxotere 20 mg, concentrate and solvent for solution for infusion B/1 vial of Taxotere and 1 vial
More informationIrinotecan (CPT-11) in Patients with Advanced Colon Carcinoma Relapsing after 5-Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Combination
Clinical Report Chemotherapy 2002;48:94 99 Irinotecan (CPT-11) in Patients with Advanced Colon Carcinoma Relapsing after 5-Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Combination N.B. Tsavaris a A. Polyzos b K. Gennatas c
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Sunitinib (Sutent) for advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer. December 2007
Sunitinib (Sutent) for advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer December 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a limited literature search. It is not
More informationCommon disease 175,000 new cases/year 44,000 deaths/year Less than 10% with newly diagnosed at presentation have stage IV disease Chronic disease,
Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Recent Results HARMESH R. NAIK, MD. Karmanos Cancer Institute and St. Mary Hospital Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) Common disease 175,000 new cases/year 44,000
More informationBCCA Protocol Summary for Combined Modality Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk Rectal Carcinoma using Capecitabine and Radiation Therapy
BCCA Protocol Summary for Combined Modality Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk Rectal Carcinoma using Capecitabine and Radiation Therapy Protocol Code: Tumour Group: Contact Physician: GIRCRT Gastrointestinal
More informationIndex. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal drainage, after hepatic resection, 159 160 Ablation, radiofrequency, for hepatocellular carcinoma, 160 161 Adenocarcinoma, pancreatic.
More informationDALLA CAPECITABINA AL TAS 102
DALLA CAPECITABINA AL TAS 102 Milano 29 settembre 2016 LE PROSPETTIVE NELLA RICERCA Armando Santoro Humanitas Cancer Center THE 1,2.AND 3 LINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN CRC M BEVACIZUMAB AFLIBERCET RAS wt RAS mu
More informationPHARMACOGENETICS OF BREAST CANCER
PHARMACOGENETICS OF BREAST CANCER MALGORZATA JAREMKO, PhD Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Outlines Breast cancer therapeutic situation Pharmacogenetics of antiestrogen
More informationMdi Medical Management of Breast Cancer Morbidity and Mortality Aug 13, 2009 Irina Kovatch, PGY3 Introduction Metastatic disease is the principal cause of death from breast cancer Metastatic events often
More informationthrough the cell cycle. However, how we administer drugs also depends on the combinations that we give and the doses that we give.
Hello and welcome to this lecture. My name is Hillary Prescott. I am a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. My colleague, Jeff Bryan and I have prepared this
More informationAccepted 12 April 2006 Published online 13 November 2006 in Wiley InterScience ( DOI: /hed.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE PHASE II ANALYSIS OF PACLITAXEL AND CAPECITABINE IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT OR DISSEMINATED SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK REGION Jens D Bentzen, MD, 1 Hanne Sand Hansen,
More informationCase Scenario 1: This case has been slightly modified from the case presented during the live session to add clarity.
Case Scenario 1: This case has been slightly modified from the case presented during the live session to add clarity. Background: 46 year old married premenopausal female with dense breasts has noticed
More informationCitation Cancer Management and Research, 2(1
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) Efficacy and safety of amrubicin hy small cell lung cancer Ogawara, Daiki; Fukuda, Minoru; Nak Citation Cancer Management and Research, 2(1 Issue Date
More informationNCCP Chemotherapy Regimen
INDICATIONS FOR USE: Capecitabine Monotherapy Regimen *Reimbursement INDICATION ICD10 Code Indicator Treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer C50 00216a CDS Treatment of
More informationUse of Taxanes in Older Breast Cancer Patients
SIOG Guidelines Update 2014: Use of Taxanes in Older Breast Cancer Patients Laura Biganzoli Medical Oncology Dept New Hospital of Prato Istituto Toscano Tumori Italy Fundamental steps Task Force (TF) on
More informationHepatocellular Carcinoma HCC Updated November 2015 by: Dr. Mohammed Alghamdi (Medical Oncology Fellow, University of Calgary)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma HCC Updated November 2015 by: Dr. Mohammed Alghamdi (Medical Oncology Fellow, University of Calgary) Staff Reviewers: Dr. Yoo Joung Ko (Medical Oncologist, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer
More informationAdjuvant Systemic Therapy in Early Stage Breast Cancer
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy in Early Stage Breast Cancer Julie R. Gralow, M.D. Director, Breast Medical Oncology Jill Bennett Endowed Professor of Breast Cancer Professor, Global Health University of Washington
More informationGemcitabine + Capecitabine (ESPAC-4 Trial)
Gemcitabine + Capecitabine (ESPAC-4 Trial) European Study Group For Pancreatic Cancer - Trial 4. Combination versus single agent chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic ductal and ampullary cancers. ***
More informationSequential Adriamycin and CMF in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Sequential Adriamycin and CMF in Metastatic Breast Cancer M. ZAMBETTI, A. GIACOBONE, M. TERENZIANI, P. ZUCCHINELLI, R. DEMICHELI, S. BIASI, P. PIOTTI, C. BARTOLI, P. VALAGUSSA, G. BONADONNA Istituto Nazionale
More informationDebate Axillary dissection - con. Prof. Dr. Rodica Anghel Institute of Oncology Bucharest
Debate Axillary dissection - con Prof. Dr. Rodica Anghel Institute of Oncology Bucharest Summer School of Oncology, third edition Updated Oncology 2015: State of the Art News & Challenging Topics Bucharest,
More informationONCOLOGY LETTERS 2: , 2011
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 2: 241-245, 2011 Irinotecan monotherapy offers advantage over combination therapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin in second-line setting for treatment of advanced gastric cancer following
More informationGroupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
The ncologist Clinical Studies of Three ral Prodrugs of 5-luorouracil (Capecitabine, UT, S-1): A Review M. MALET-MARTI, R. MARTI Groupe de RM Biomédicale, Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier,
More informationPaget's Disease of the Breast: Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients
236 Paget's Disease of the Breast: Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients Mingfian Yang Hao Long Jiehua He Xi Wang Zeming Xie Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
More information1/25/13 Right partial nephrectomy followed by completion right radical nephrectomy.
History and Physical Case Scenario 1 45 year old white male presents with complaints of nausea, weight loss, and back pain. A CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis was done on 12/8/12 that revealed a 12
More informationColor Codes Pathology and Genetics Medicine and Clinical Pathology Surgery Imaging
Saturday, November 5, 2005 8:30-10:30 a. m. Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinomas Chairman: E. Van Cutsem, Leuven, Belgium 9:00-9:30 a. m. Working Group Sessions Pathology and Genetics Group leaders:
More informationBreast Cancer Breast Managed Clinical Network
Initial Evaluation Clinical Stage Pre-Treatment Evaluation Treatment and pathological stage Less than 4 positive lymph nodes Adjuvant Treatment ER Positive HER2 Negative (see page 2 & 3 ) HER2 Positive
More informationRadiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy: MR Imaging
Radiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy 85 Chapter 5 Radiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy: MR Imaging Neurological symptoms and signs of brachial plexopathy may develop in patients who have had radiation
More informationRandomized phase III trial of treatment duration for oral uracil and tegafur plus
Annals of Oncology Advance Access published September 7, 2015 1 Randomized phase III trial of treatment duration for oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage
More informationAdjuvant Chemotherapy for Rectal Cancer: Are we making progress?
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Rectal Cancer: Are we making progress? Hagen Kennecke, MD, MHA, FRCPC Division Of Medical Oncology British Columbia Cancer Agency October 25, 2008 Objectives Review milestones
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Maho Konishi 1, Asuka Imai 1, Masanori Fujii 2, Keisuke Sugimoto 2, Nobuyuki Katakami 3, Yukihiro Imai 4, Shingo Kamoshida 1 *
DOI:10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.435 RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:08/09/2017 Acceptance:01/21/2018 Correlation of Expression Levels of Copper Transporter 1 and Thymidylate Synthase with Treatment
More informationDuctal Carcinoma-in-Situ: New Concepts and Controversies
Ductal Carcinoma-in-Situ: New Concepts and Controversies James J. Stark, MD, FACP Medical Director, Cancer Program and Palliative Care Maryview Medical Center Professor of Medicine, EVMS Case Presentation
More informationKunihiko Izuishi, 1 Mitsuyoshi Kobayashi, 2 Takanori Sano, 1 Hirohito Mori, 1 and Kazuo Ebara Introduction
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine, Article ID 532924, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/532924 Case Report Pathological Complete Response and Long-Term Survival in a Very Elderly Patient after
More informationTreatment of oligometastatic NSCLC
Treatment of oligometastatic NSCLC Jarosław Kużdżał Department of Thoracic Surgery Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow New idea? 14 NSCLC patients with solitary extrathoracic
More informationBC Cancer Protocol Summary for Therapy of Adjuvant Breast Cancer using Capecitabine
BC Cancer Protocol Summary for Therapy of Adjuvant Breast Cancer using Capecitabine Protocol Code Tumour Group Contact Physician BRAJCAP Breast Dr. Stephen Chia ELIGIBILITY: Adjuvant breast cancer therapy
More informationRadiotherapy Physics and Equipment
Radiological Sciences Department Radiotherapy Physics and Equipment RAD 481 Lecture s Title: Introduction Dr. Mohammed EMAM Ph.D., Paris-Sud 11 University Vision :IMC aspires to be a leader in applied
More informationManagement of Advanced Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients
Review Article [1] April 15, 2005 By Stuart M. Lichtman, MD, FACP [2] Many elderly individuals have substantial life expectancy, even in the setting of significant illness. There is evidence to indicate
More informationWeekly Paclitaxel for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients Previously Exposed to Paclitaxel
www.journalofcancerology.com PERMANYER J Cancerol. 0;:-9 JOURNAL OF CANCEROLOGY CLINICAL CASE Weekly Paclitaxel for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients Previously Exposed to Paclitaxel Benjamín Dávalos-Félix,
More information