Chapter 6.1. pages Prayer Next Prayer Attendance Homework

Transcription

1 Chapter 6.1 pages Prayer Next Prayer Attendance Homework

2 Terms Cancer A disease that begins when a single cell makes copies of itself when it should not. Cell division A process where a parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells. This process is regulated.

3 Tumors can be Cancerous A tumor is a group of cells that have no function in the body. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign These tumors stay in one place and do not affect surrounding structures. These tumors are harmless. Example: a mole Malignant These tumors are cancerous and invade surrounding tissues. The cells of a malignant tumor can break away and start new cancers in other parts of the body. This process is called metastasis.

4 What is Cancer?

5 Metastasis

6 The lymphatic system collects lost fluids, lymph, from blood vessels. Lymph nodes are structures that filter fluids from blood vessels. When a cancer patient has surgery, the surgeon will remove a few lymph nodes to see if any cancer cells are in the nodes. If cancer cells are in the nodes, then some cells have left the original tumor and are moving through the bloodstream. The cancer is moving to other parts of the body. The cancer is metastasizing. Example: Lance Armstrong had cancer in his testicles that metastasized to his brain and lungs. Lymphatic System

7 Circulatory System When a tumor is inside a blood vessel, cancer cells can move anywhere in the body.

8 Risk Factor A risk factor is a condition or behavior that increases the likelihood of developing a disease. Genetics and environment can impact the risk of having a disease.

9 Angelina Jolie: Genetic Risk Angelina Jolie carries a version of the BRCA1 gene that makes her 5x more likely to get breast cancer. She was told she had 87% risk to get breast cancer, so she had both her breasts removed. This is called a double mastectomy. The BRCA1 gene can also give her ovarian cancer, so she is planning on removing her ovaries as well. Ovarian cancer caused her mother s death. Only 1% of people carry this version of the BRCA1 gene.

10 Carcinogens: Environmental Risk A carcinogen causes cancer. Examples of carcinogens are: cigarette smoke, radiation, ultraviolet light, asbestos, and some viruses.

11 HPV (Human Papilloma Virus): Environmental Risk Can cause anal and oral cancer in females and males. Can cause cervical cancers in females. Can cause penile cancer in males. The HPV risk can be eliminated by vaccination and by limiting the number of people you have sex with and following safer sex regulations.

12 Synergistic Effect: Environmental Risk Smoking increases risk of cancer. Smoking and alcohol highly increases the risk of cancer. This is because some carcinogens increases the activity of other carcinogens. The carcinogens are acting in a synergistic manner.

13 Chapter 6.1 Questions 1 1. What is Cancer? 2. What is cell division? 3. What is a tumor? 4. What is a benign tumor? 5. What is a malignant tumor? 6. What is metastasis? 7. What are lymph nodes? 8. Why are lymph nodes important in cancer? 9. What kind of surgery did Anglina Jolie have to prevent breast cancer? 10.What is a carcinogen? 11.What cancers do HPV cause? 12.What is an example of the synergistic effect?

14 Risk Factors for Cancer Tobacco use Excessive alcohol consumption High fat and low fiber diet Lack of exercise Obesity

15 Overview

16 Tobacco is delivered via: cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco. They all increase your risk of many cancers. Don t use Tobacco

17 The Electronic Cigarette Electronic cigarettes contain nicotine only. Their risks are not known yet.

18 Don t use Tobacco There are more than 20 cancer causing substances (carcinogens) in tobacco and tobacco cigarettes. Carcinogens: Cause an increase in cell division. Damage DNA Inhibit a cell s ability to repair damaged DNA, Prevent cells from dying when they should.

19 Limit Alcohol Consumption men who want to decrease their cancer risk should have no more than two alcoholic drinks a day, and women one or none. When harmful chemicals dissolve in alcohol, they can cross cell membranes and can damage DNA

20 Low Fat, High-Fiber Diet Eat 5 servings of fruits and vegetables everyday. And 6 servings of food from other plant sources, such as breads, cereals, grains, rice, pasta, or beans. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants which help prevent DNA damage.

21 Exercise Regularly Exercise 30 minutes 5 days a week. Exercise keeps the immune system functioning effectively, allowing it to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

22 Obesity Avoid becoming obese. Fatty tissue can store hormones. Too much fatty tissue can increase the risk of hormonesensitive cancers such as breast, uterine, ovarian, and prostate cancer.

23 Chapter 6.1 Questions 2 1. What are the risk factors for Cancer? 2. How is tobacco delivered to your body? 3. Do electronic cigarettes have an effect on your body? 4. What do carcinogens do to your body? 5. How much alcohol should a man drink? 6. How much alcohol should a woman drink? 7. Why are fruits and vegetables good for you? 8. Why is exercise good for you? 9. What does too much fatty tissue do to your body?