LABORATORIES. Mar Verhoeff. Lab. Dr. A. Verwey Rotterdam. MVO course, June 2016

Transcription

1 LABORATORIES Mar Verhoeff Lab. Dr. A. Verwey Rotterdam MVO course, June

2 Agenda Role of an independent laboratory Contract organisations Contractual methods of analyses Types of analyses Laboratory certification Tank cleaning 2

3 Role of an independent laboratory To determine the quality / quantity of the commodity The price of the goods is based on the quality / quantity Also the processing (refining, bleaching, deodorisation) is depending on the quality of the crude oils/fats All based on independent analyses, using contractual methods 3

4 Types of analyses Contractual analyses Quality analyses Contaminant analyses 4

5 Contract organisations FOSFA, London NOFOTA, Rotterdam GAFTA, London PORAM, Malaysia ANEC, Brasil 5

6 Contractual methods of analyses FOSFA NOFOTA GAFTA ANEC - ISO methods (if available), BS, AOCS - follows FOSFA, NEN (exceptional) - own methods, originating from EU - AOCS methods 6

7 International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) based Geneva Member states (not complete overview) - The Netherlands (NEN) - United Kingdom (BSI) - France (AFNOR) - Germany (DGF) - Argentina (IRAM) - Spain (AENOR) - USA (AOCS) - Australia (Standards Australia) 7

8 Birth of an ISO-method A member state proposes a method (New Work Item Proposal) This is balloted with the members for adding to the work programme and for comments The comments are evaluated and the method is amended An international ring trial is organized The results are evaluated to see if these meet this ISO statistical requirements 8

9 Birth of an ISO-method 2 Additional comments (if any) are taken into account for the next version of the method Voting is performed Method is accepted if the members agree In general, this procedure takes about 3 years The methods are reviewed after 3/5 years 9

10 Laboratory certification The laboratory must be recognised by the contract organisations and others e.g. FEDIOL, VERNOF, GMP, QS By means of: participation in ring trials, questionaires and audits Accreditation according to ISO is recommended and appreciated 10

11 ISO accreditation Management and documentation quality system in compliance with ISO 9001 Suitable, qualified employees Using validated methods Using calibration standards and equipment that can be traced back to national standards Yearly participation in proficiency tests Yearly audit by Council for Accreditation (RVA) 11

12 Contractual analyses Free fatty acids (FFA) Moisture and volatile matter Insoluble impurities Flashpoint SG (liter weight in air) 12

13 Quality analyses Peroxyde value Iodine value Lecithin (phosphorus) Colour (Lovibond / Gardner) DOBI (CPO only) Unsaponifiable matter Slip melting point Fatty acid composition Sediment by centrifuge (sunflower seed oil) 13

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15 Lecithin (phosphorus) Plant origin Is an important item for the refinery In case of high level, an additional step is needed Called degumming The oil is treated with an acid Lecithins are separated Lecithin is a valuable side stream Used as e.g. emulgator 15

16 DOBI, crude palm oil only Deteriorated Bleachibility Index Indicates if the oil has been overheated or is old Values are between 0 and 4 The higher the better Rather simple determination (UV measurement) 16

17 Contaminant analyses Pesticide residues (pre / post harvest) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Mineral oil hydrocarbons, MOSH/MOAH Dioxins, dioxin-like PCB s, non dioxin-like PCB s Fatty acid composition (admixture with another oil) 3 MCPD, 2-MCPD and glycidyl esters (process) 17

18 MOSH / MOAH MOSH, aliphatic (linear) hydrocarbons MOAH, aromatic (cyclic) hydrocarbons Analysis per CEN/TC 275, using on-line LC/GC-FID No legal limits (yet) FEDIOL recommendation: MOSH max 5 mg/kg MOAH max 5 mg/kg 18

19 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, glycidyl esters Analysis by GC-MS/MS Three methods are available in oils/fats Method development on food (extraction) EFSA recommendation on 3-MCPD only, Mai 2 TDI 0,8 mg/kg bodyweight 2-MCPD and glycidyl esters will follow 19

20 Price of laboratory equipment Free Fatty Acids EUR 100 Pesticide residues (GC/LC-MS-MS ) EUR (each) Dioxins (HRGC-MS/MS) EUR

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22 Tank Cleaning Deep sea tanker vessels arrive in Rotterdam from the Far East, carrying vegetable oils/fats Cannot return empty (too expensive) Tank cleaning has to be performed Vessels return to the Far East after cleaning and after loading petrochemicals 22

23 Problems that may occur after discharge / prior to cleaning 23

24 Cleaning of Cargo Lines Clean tanks is not enough All parts in contact with cargo must be cleaned Difficult to give specific instructions Standard recommendations are given

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29 Tank cleaning procedure Butterworthing with fixed / transportable machines Depending on the melting point of the cargo, this must be done with cold / warm or hot seawater Followed by many cleaning cycles with (alkaline!!) detergents Afterwards the tank is rinsed with fresh water 29

30 Tank Cleaning final Inspection of the tank; visually and by means of wall wash tests Analyses of these wall washes on the spot or in the laboratory Calculation of the risk in case of any doubt 30

31 QUESTIONS?? 31

32 Thanks for your attention 32