Supplementary Figure 3. Degradation of aromatic compounds
|
|
- Poppy Holt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supplementary Figure 3. Degradation of aromatic compounds Degradation of benzoate and hydroxybenzoate proceeds via the β-ketoadipate pathway. The genes of the catechol branch of this pathway (H16_A ), which allows the degradation of benzoate to 3-oxoadipate via the intermediate catechol, are located on chromosome 1, while those of the protocatechuate branch, involved in the degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate to 3- oxoadipate via protocatechuate, are on chromosome 2 (Supplementary Fig. 4a). The functions for transport and degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate to 3-oxoadipate probably belong to a single operon. An interesting feature of this operon is the fused gene H16_B2288 predicting a chimeric enzyme. Usually, the conversion of 4-carboxymuconolactone to 3-oxoadipate is catalyzed by separate 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase and 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase enzymes. In R. eutropha H16 the coding sequences corresponding to the two enzyme families are coupled in a single CDS, suggesting that a bifunctional enzyme catalyzes both reactions. A similar case has been described for Rhodococcus opacus 1. Genes for the subsequent degradation of 3-oxoadipate (3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase) are located on chromosome 2 and in one additional copy on phg1. The last enzyme of this pathway, β-ketoadipyl-coa thiolase, is also encoded on chromosome 2 (pcaf, H16_B0200). Since genes for the degradation of 3-oxoadipate are not present on chromosome 1, chromosome 2 is essential for complete degradation of aromatic compounds via 3-oxoadipate. In addition, chromosome 2 is required for the degradation of phenol and 4-cresol via meta-cleavage (H16_B ) (Supplementary Fig. 4b) and the degradation of biphenyl (biphenyl-2,3-diol) (H16_ , H16_B0600, H16_B0654) (Supplementary Fig. 4c). Chromosome 2 also encodes both a gentisate pathway, which is necessary for metabolizing 3-hydroxybenzoate (H16_B ), and a pathway for the degradation of 6-chlorohydroxyquinol to 3-oxoadipate. It has already been shown, that R. eutropha H16 is able to degrade chlorinated aromatic pollutants. like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3-CB), when plasmid pjp4 is transferred to the strain 2. Enzymes for the aerobic degradation of benzoate by a novel degradation pathway via CoAligation 3 are present in two clusters on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2 (Supplementary Fig. 4f). 1. Eulberg, D., Lakner, S., Golovleva, L.A. & Schlömann, M. Characterization of a protocatechuate catabolic gene cluster from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP: evidence for a merged enzyme with 4-carboxymuconolactone-decarboxylating and 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing activity. J. Bacteriol. 180, (1998). 2. Friedrich, B., Meyer, M. & Schlegel, H.G. Transfer and expression of the herbicide-degrading plasmid pjp4 in aerobic autotrophic bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 134, (1983). 3. Gescher, J., Zaar, A., Mohamed, M., Schägger, H. & Fuchs, G. Genes coding for a new pathway of aerobic benzoate metabolism in Azoarcus evansii. J Bacteriol 184, (2002).
2 Supplementary Figure 4a. Benzoate degradation via ortho-cleavage - genes for the 3-oxoadipate pathway are located on three replicons H16_A1965 benm Regulator, benm H16_B2292 pcaq PHG386 mmlh PHG385 mmli PHG384 mmlj H16_A1963 bena H16_A1962 benb H16_A1961 benc H16_A1960 bend H16_A1964 cata PHG405 catb1 PHG394 catb2 H16_A1966 catb3 PHG404 catc H16_A1967 catc3 Benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase EC Dihydrodihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase EC Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase EC Muconate cycloisomerase EC Muconolactone deltaisomerase EC Benzoate 4-hydroxybenzoate 1,6-Dihydroxy-cis- 2,4-cyclohexadiene -1-carboxylic acid Catechol cis,cis Muconate Muconolactone H16_A2422 pcab2 H16_B1584 catc2 Protocatechuate 3-Carboxy-cis,cismuconate 4-Carboxymuconolactone Regulator p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase EC Protocatechuate 3,4- dioxygenase EC Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase EC H16_B2287 pobr H16_B2293 pcak H16_B2286 poba H16_B2290 pcag H16_B2291 pcah H16_B2289 pcab H16_A1968 catd 3-Oxoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase EC Oxoadipate enol-lactone H16_B1583 catd2 (4-Oxoadipate enol-lactone ) 4-Carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase/3-oxoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase/ EC /EC H16_B2288 pcacd Bifunctional gene in R.eutropha H16 PHG388 cati PHG387 catj 3-Oxoadipate 3-Oxoadipate 3-Oxoadipate CoAtransferase EC H16_B0198 pcai H16_B0199 pcaj EC Oxoadipyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA + Succinyl-CoA Beta-ketoadipyl CoA thiolase EC H16_B0200 pcaf
3 Supplementary Figure 4b. Phenol degradation via meta-cleavage forms one cluster on chromosome 2 Phenol Catechol 2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde 2-Hydroxymuconate γ-oxalocrotonate 2-Oxopent-4-enoate 4-Hydroxy-2- oxopentenoate Regulator Phenolhydroxylase EC Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase EC Hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase EC Oxalocrotonate tautomerase EC Oxalocrotonate decarboxylase EC Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase EC Hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase EC H16_B0538 poxr H16_0539- H16_B0545 poxabcdef H16_B0546 H16_B0547 H16_B0550 H16_B0549 H16_B0548 mhpd H16_B0552 mhpe Pyruvate + Acetaldehyde Acetyl-CoA Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase EC H16_B0551 mhpf
4 Supplementary Figure 4c. Biphenyl degradation gene cluster on chromosome 2 Biphenyl-2,3-diol H16_B0654 bphc Biphenyl-2,3-diol:oxygen 1,2- oxidoreductase (decyclizing) EC Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate H16_B0600 bphd 2,6-Dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate hydrolase EC Benzoate + 2-Oxopent-4-enoate H16_B0597 bphh H16_B0595 bphi 4-Hydroxy-2- oxopentenoate 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase EC Hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase EC H16_B0596 Pyruvate + Acetaldehyde Acetyl-CoA Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase EC
5 Supplementary Figure 4d. Gentisate pathway H16_B0877 pcak2 3-Hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxybenzoate 6- hydroxylase EC H16_B0876 2,5-Dihydroxyphenylacetate (Homogentisate) 3-Maleylacetoacetate 3-Fumarylacetoacetate Fumarate + Acetoacetate Homogentisate 1,2- dioxygenase EC Maleylacetoacetate isomerase EC Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase EC H16_B1671 hmga H16_A0362 H16_B1670 faha H16_A0361 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate (Gentisate) 3-Maleylpyruvate 3-Fumarylpyruvate Fumarate + Pyruvate Gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase EC Maleylpyruvate isomerase EC Fumarylpyruvate hydrolase EC H16_B0873 H16_B0875 H16_B0875
6 Supplementary Figure 4e. Degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds H16_B0968 pcpa 6-Chlorohydroxyquinol 2-Chloromaleylacetate 6-Chlorohydroxyquinol-1,2- dioxygenase/hydroxyquinol-1,2- dioxygenase EC H16_B0970 pcpe Maleylacetate H16_A Chloromaleylacetate/maleylacetate reductase EC Oxoadipate
7 Supplementary Figure 4f. Predicted benzoate degradation via CoA-ligation Regulator H16_A1411 H16_B1919 H16_B1918 Benzoate Benzoyl-CoA Benzoate-CoA ligase H16_A1418 H16_A1417 H16_A1416 H16_A1415 H16_A1414 H16_A1412 H16_B1912 boxa H16_B1913 boxb Benzoyl-CoA oxygenase/reductase H16_A1408 bdxa H16_A1409 bdxb H16_B1914 Benzoyl-CoA dihydrodiol lyase H16_A1410 (6-hydroxy-3-hexenoyl- CoA) cis-3,4-lactone Lactonase H16_A Hydroxyadipyl-CoA 3-Oxoadipyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA + Succinyl-CoA
BIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION. Prokaryotes
Microbial degradation of aromatic organic pollutants A study of dead-end metabolites including the stereochemical mechanistic studies of cycloisomerase enzyme and their products using deuterium labelled
More informationRapid Spectrophotometric Differentiation Between Glutathione-Dependent and Glutathione-Independent
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1977, p. 17-174 Copyright C) 1977 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 34, No. 2 Printed in U.S. Rapid Spectrophotometric Differentiation Between Glutathione-Dependent
More informationSubstrate and Inhibitor of Dioxygenases
JOURNAL OF BACTEROLOGY, Dec. 1975, p. 1374-1381 Copyright 0 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 124, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Alternative Routes of Aromatic Catabolism in Pseudomonas acidovorans
More informationAmino Acid Catabolism
Amino Acid atabolism 3-1 Lec #8 To date we have considered the catabolism of carbohydrates and lipids with the object of generating energy in the form of ATP. Both give rise to AcoA which is fed through
More informationChem 109 C. Fall Armen Zakarian Office: Chemistry Bldn 2217
Chem 109 C Fall 2014 Armen Zakarian ffice: Chemistry Bldn 2217 o Catabolism of carbohydrates: 10 reactions of glycolysis Chapter 25 C C 2 C 2 D-glucose α-d-glucopyranose aworth projection α-d-glucopyranose
More informationChem 109 C. Fall Armen Zakarian Office: Chemistry Bldn 2217
Chem 109 C Fall 2014 Armen Zakarian ffice: Chemistry Bldn 2217 Chapter 25 o Glycolysis : fates of pyruvate NADH, H + H + C 2 NADH, H + H - (S)-lactic acid lactate dehydrogenase; anaerobic conditions -
More informationCatabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids. Amino acid metabolism
Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids Amino acid metabolism Carbon skeleton Carbon Skeleton a carbon skeleton is the internal structure of organic molecules. Carbon Arrangements The arrangement
More informationIII. Metabolism The Citric Acid Cycle
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge III. Metabolism The Citric Acid Cycle Slide 1 The Eight Steps of the Citric Acid Cycle Enzymes: 4 dehydrogenases (2 decarboxylation) 3
More informationDefining Agriculture
Defining Agriculture 10-0% Carbohydrates Aliphatic fatty acids and alkanes 10-0% 0% N materials - amino acids, amino sugars 40-60% Aromatic SOIL ORGANIC CARBON COMPOSITION Soil organic matter composition
More informationThe Modified -Ketoadipate Pathway in Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75: Enzymology of 3-Methylmuconolactone Metabolism
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Dec. 1998, p. 6668 6673 Vol. 180, No. 24 0021-9193/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The Modified -Ketoadipate Pathway in Rhodococcus
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 30 Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 30 Outline Amino acids are obtained from the
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 30 Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company In the cytosol of a cell amino groups from amino acids
More informationCarbohydrate Metabolism I
Carbohydrate Metabolism I Outline Glycolysis Stages of glycolysis Regulation of Glycolysis Carbohydrate Metabolism Overview Enzyme Classification Dehydrogenase - oxidizes substrate using cofactors as
More informationBacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative
1 2 3 4 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Kaihua Ji 1 +, Wei Wang 2, 3 +, Bing Zeng 1, Sibin Chen 1, Qianqian Zhao 4, Yueqing Chen 1, Guoqiang Li 1* and Ting Ma 1* 5 6 7 Figure
More informationLecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism
Lecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 1 Introduction 2 Proteins are degraded into amino acids. Protein
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Overview
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationSupplementary information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Society Reviews. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementary information Enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide Jiafu Shi 1, 2,3,,
More informationA Novel 2-Aminomuconate Deaminase in the Nitrobenzene Degradation Pathway of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, May 1998, p. 2502 2506 Vol. 180, No. 9 0021-9193/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology A Novel 2-Aminomuconate Deaminase in the Nitrobenzene Degradation
More informationPROTEIN METABOLISM: SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACIDS CATABOLISM AND SYNTHESIS
PROTEIN METABOLISM: SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACIDS CATABOLISM AND SYNTHESIS SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACID CATABOLISM After removing of amino group the carbon skeletons of amino acids are transformed into metabolic
More informationThe Metabolic Divergence in the meta Cleavage of Catechols by Pseudomonas putida NCIB
Eur. J. Biocheni. 28, 347-35G (1972) The Metabolic Divergence in the meta Cleavage of Catechols by Pseudomonas putida NCIB 100 15 Physiological Significance and Evolutionary Implications Josh M. SALA-TREPAT,
More informationTala Saleh. Razi Kittaneh ... Nayef Karadsheh
Tala Saleh Razi Kittaneh... Nayef Karadsheh β-oxidation of Fatty Acids The oxidation of fatty acids occurs in 3 steps: Step 1: Activation of the Fatty acid FA + HS-CoA + ATP FA-CoA + AMP + PPi - The fatty
More informationLecture: 26 OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS
Lecture: 26 OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS Fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of fats undergo different oxidative pathways designated as alpha ( ), beta ( ) and omega ( ) pathways. -oxidation -Oxidation of fatty
More informationThe diagram below summarizes the conversion of the twenty standard amino acids. Copyright Mark Brandt, Ph.D. 23
Amino acid breakdown Amino acids comprise one of the three major energy sources for animals. They are an especially important energy source for carnivorous animals, and for all animals during early starvation
More informationFEMS Microbiology Letters 50 (1988) Published by Elsevier
FEMS Microbiology Letters 50 (1988) 233-239 233 Published by Elsevier FEM 03127 fl-methylmuconolactone, a key intermediate in the dissimilation of methylaromatic compounds by a modified 3-oxoadipate pathway
More informationBacterial Degradation of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid and
JouRNAL OF BACrmoILGY, Oct. 1974, p. 159-167 Copyright 0 1974 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 120, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Bacterial Degradation of 4-ydroxyphenylacetic Acid and omoprotocatechuic
More informationAcknowledgements. Most importantly, I would like to thank my parents for their endless support and encouragement.
To my Family Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor R.B. Cain, for his advice, patience and helpful criticism throughout this research programme. I would also like to extend my
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Bar-Even et al. 10.1073/pnas.0907176107 Fig. S1. A scheme of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, as inspired from (81). Dashed line corresponds to RUBISCO's oxygenase reaction
More informationFigure 1 Original Advantages of biological reactions being catalyzed by enzymes:
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation I III Carmen Sato Bigbee, Ph.D. Objectives: 1) To understand the bases of enzyme catalysis and the mechanisms of enzyme regulation. 2) To understand the role of
More informationPoints 1. Following is the overall reaction catalyzed by the Calvin-Benson cycle:
BCH 4054 February 22, 2002 HOUR TEST 2 NAME_ Points 1. Following is the overall reaction catalyzed by the Calvin-Benson cycle: CO 2 + 3ATP + 2NADPH 1/3 glyceraldehyde-3-p + 3ADP + 2NADP + Give the structures
More informationPart III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.4 Lipid Catabolism 3.4a Fatty Acid Degradation 3.4b Ketone Bodies
Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.4 Lipid Catabolism 3.4a Fatty Acid Degradation 3.4b Ketone Bodies Section 3.4a: Fatty Acid Degradation Synopsis 3.4a - Triglycerides (or fats) in the diet or adipose
More informationAmino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle
Amino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle Amino Acids: Final class of biomolecules whose oxidation contributes significantly to the generation of energy Undergo oxidation in three metabolic circumstances
More informationMetabolism of Phenol and Resorcinol in Trichosporon cutaneum
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Jan. 1979, p. 13-21 0021-9193/79/01-0013/09$02.00/0 Vol. 137, No. 1 Metabolism of Phenol and Resorcinol in Trichosporon cutaneum ANDRAS GAAL AND HALINA Y. NEUJAHR* Department of
More informationCELLULAR METABOLISM. Metabolic pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or spiral
CHM333 LECTURE 24 & 25: 3/27 29/13 SPRING 2013 Professor Christine Hrycyna CELLULAR METABOLISM What is metabolism? - How cells acquire, transform, store and use energy - Study reactions in a cell and how
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationPathway for Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol in a Moraxella sp.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1991, p. 812-819 99-224/91/3812-8$2./ Copyright 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 57, No. 3 Pathway for Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol in a Moraxella
More informationTCA CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle)
TCA CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) TCA CYCLE The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as: Kreb s cycle Sir Hans Krebs Nobel prize, 1953 TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle The citric acid cycle requires aerobic conditions!!!!
More informationOksidoredüktazlar ve Endüstriyel Uygulamaları
ksidoredüktazlar ve Endüstriyel Uygulamaları Ayhan Çelik GYTE-Chemistry KİMYA-1, (ÇALIŞTAY 2010) Industrial Sectors: The Products of Industrial Biotransformation Type of Compounds Produced using Biotransformation
More informationDiscussion of Prism modules and predicted interactions (Fig. 4)
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Discussion of Prism modules and predicted interactions (Fig. 4) a. Interactions of the TCA-cycle, respiratory chain, and ATP synthetase with the amino acid biosynthesis modules. Given
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 27 Fatty Acid Degradation Dietary Lipid (Triacylglycerol) Metabolism - In the small intestine, fat particles are coated with bile
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Overview
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationOxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids
Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids Dr NC Bird Oxidation of long chain fatty acids is the primary source of energy supply in man and animals. Hibernating animals utilise fat stores to maintain body heat,
More informationAmino acid metabolism I
Amino acid metabolism I Jana Novotná Department of the Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ. Metabolic relationship of amino acids DIETARY PROTEINS GLYCOLYSIS
More information2-more complex molecules (fatty acyl esters) as triacylglycerols.
** Fatty acids exist in two forms:- 1-free fatty acids (unesterified) 2-more complex molecules (fatty acyl esters) as triacylglycerols. ** most tissues might use fatty acids as source of energy during
More informationChem Lecture 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism Part I: Glycolysis
Chem 352 - Lecture 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism Part I: Glycolysis Introduction Carbohydrate metabolism involves a collection of pathways. Glycolysis Hexoses 3-Carbon molecules Gluconeogenesis 3-Carbon molecules
More informationFatty acid breakdown
Fatty acids contain a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. Most contain between 14 and 24 carbon atoms. The chains may be saturated or contain double bonds. The complete oxidation of
More informationRespiration. Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs
Respiration rganisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis Heterotrophs Live on organic compounds produced by
More informationLecture 13 (10/13/17)
Lecture 13 (10/13/17) Reading: Ch6; 187-189, 204-205 Problems: Ch4 (text); 2, 3 NXT (after xam 2) Reading: Ch6; 190-191, 194-195, 197-198 Problems: Ch6 (text); 5, 6, 7, 24 OUTLIN NZYMS: Binding & Catalysis
More informationThis is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.)
This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC 2010. (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) Topic 10: CELLULAR RESPIRATION (lectures 14-16) OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the basic reactions that
More informationBCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 24 Lecture Notes
BCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 24 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 24 Fatty Acid Catabolism 2 Fatty Acids as Energy Source Triglycerides yield 37 kj/g dry weight Protein 17 kj/g Glycogen 16 kj/g (even less wet weight)
More informationGLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels
GLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels - Catabolic process degradative pathway - Energy stored in sugars (carbohydrates) released to perform biological work - Transforms GLUCOSE to PYRUVATE
More informationZHONGQI HE AND JIM C. SPAIN* Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida Received 3 July 1997/Accepted 15 September 1997
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 1997, p. 4839 4843 Vol. 63, No. 12 0099-2240/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Studies of the Catabolic Pathway of Degradation of
More information2/25/2013. The Mechanism of Enzymatic Action
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism: The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Catabolism:
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Faisal Al-Khatib
number 22 Done by Baraa Ayed Corrected by Yaseen Fatayer Doctor Faisal Al-Khatib 1 P a g e Today we are going to cover these concepts: Oxidation of odd number fatty acids Oxidation of very long fatty acids
More informationLipid metabolism. Degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids Ketone bodies
Lipid metabolism Degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids Ketone bodies Fatty acids (FA) primary fuel molecules in the fat category main use is for long-term energy storage high level of energy storage:
More informationSummary of fatty acid synthesis
Lipid Metabolism, part 2 1 Summary of fatty acid synthesis 8 acetyl CoA + 14 NADPH + 14 H+ + 7 ATP palmitic acid (16:0) + 8 CoA + 14 NADP + + 7 ADP + 7 Pi + 7 H20 1. The major suppliers of NADPH for fatty
More informationEffect of physicochemical conditions on phenol degradation by Corynebacterium glutamicum: A focus on phenol catabolic enzymes
Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 15, April 2016, pp 236-242 Effect of physicochemical conditions on phenol degradation by Corynebacterium glutamicum: A focus on phenol catabolic enzymes B Jaya Bhargavi,
More informationFatty acid oxidation. doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc.
Fatty acid oxidation doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc. Physiological functions of fatty acids 1. Structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids and sphingolipids) 2. Energy storage (triacylglycerols)
More informationBiochemistry - I SPRING Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) Lectures Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat
Biochemistry - I Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) SPRING 2017 Lectures 21-22 Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat 1 Outline Vertebrate processing of dietary lipids Mobilization of
More informationBiological oxidation II. The Cytric acid cycle
Biological oxidation II The Cytric acid cycle Outline The Cytric acid cycle (TCA tricarboxylic acid) Central role of Acetyl-CoA Regulation of the TCA cycle Anaplerotic reactions The Glyoxylate cycle Localization
More informationOVERVIEW M ET AB OL IS M OF FR EE FA TT Y AC ID S
LIPOLYSIS LIPOLYSIS OVERVIEW CATABOLISM OF FREE FATTY ACIDS Nonesterified fatty acids Source:- (a) breakdown of TAG in adipose tissue (b) action of Lipoprotein lipase on plasma TAG Combined with Albumin
More informationPart III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.2 Glucose Catabolism 3.2a Glycolysis Pathway 3.2b Glycolysis Regulation 3.2c Fermentation
Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.2 Glucose Catabolism 3.2a Glycolysis Pathway 3.2b Glycolysis Regulation 3.2c Fermentation Section 3.2a: Glycolysis Synopsis 3.2a - Dietary starch (eg bread, rice and
More informationCh 07. Microbial Metabolism
Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism SLOs Differentiate between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. Fully describe the structure and function of enzymes. Differentiate between constitutive and regulated enzymes.
More informationMicrobial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Big Picture: Metabolism Metabolism is the buildup and breakdown of nutrients
More informationMetabolism Lecture 10 AMINO ACID DEGRADATION Restricted for students enrolled in MCB102, UC Berkeley, Spring 2008 ONLY
Bryan Krantz: University of California, Berkeley MCB 102, Spring 2008, Metabolism Lecture 10 Reading: Ch. 18 of Principles of Biochemistry, Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea. Syllabus Adjustment.
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor F. Al-Khateeb
number 23 Done by A. Rawajbeh Corrected by Doctor F. Al-Khateeb Ketone bodies Ketone bodies are used by the peripheral tissues like the skeletal and cardiac muscles, where they are the preferred source
More informationSyllabus for BASIC METABOLIC PRINCIPLES
Syllabus for BASIC METABOLIC PRINCIPLES The video lecture covers basic principles you will need to know for the lectures covering enzymes and metabolism in Principles of Metabolism and elsewhere in the
More informationFigure S3 Differentially expressed fungal and plant genes organised by catalytic activity ontology Organisation of E. festucae (A) and L.
sak WT Number of branches 3 WT sak Figure S1 Vasculature of plants infected with the E. festucae sak mutant. Light micrographs of perennial ryegrass blade tissue showing branching between the vasculature
More informationCITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM /19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG
CITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 1 2018/19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Chapter Outline (19-1) The central role of the citric acid cycle in metabolism (19-2) The overall pathway of the citric
More informationChapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism Metabolism of Foods Food is broken down into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and sent through catabolic pathways to produce energy. Glycolysis glucose 2 P i 2 ADP
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration
More informationMetabolism of Phenol and Cresols by Bacillus stearothermophilus
JOURNAL of BAcroRLOGY, Dec. 1975, p. 1077-1083 Vol. 124, No. 3 Copyright 0 1975 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Metabolism of Phenol and Cresols by Bacillus stearothermophilus JOHN
More informationMultiple choice: Circle the best answer on this exam. There are 12 multiple choice questions, each question is worth 3 points.
CHEM 4420 Exam 4 Spring 2015 Dr. Stone Page 1 of 6 Name Use complete sentences when requested. There are 120 possible points on this exam. Therefore there are 20 bonus points. Multiple choice: Circle the
More informationMITOCW watch?v=4bwb43smu7o
MITOCW watch?v=4bwb43smu7o The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To
More informationEnergetics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Energetics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism 1 Metabolism: The sum of all the chemical transformations taking place in a cell or organism, occurs through a series of enzymecatalyzed reactions that constitute
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.
More informationRawan almujaibel. Ayman Musleh. Dr. Nayef
12 Rawan almujaibel Ayman Musleh Ayman Musleh Dr. Nayef In the previous lecture we talked about digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. In this lecture we will be talking about glycolysis. Glycolysis
More informationGENERAL FEATURES OF FATTY ACIDS BIOSYNTHESIS
1 GENERAL FEATURES OF FATTY ACIDS BIOSYNTHESIS 1. Fatty acids may be synthesized from dietary glucose via pyruvate. 2. Fatty acids are the preferred fuel source for the heart and the primary form in which
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH AEROBIC RESPIRATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION Cellular respiration is a series of reactions involving electron transfers to breakdown molecules for (ATP) 1. Glycolytic pathway: Glycolysis
More informationendopeptidases aminopeptidases carboxypeptidases hydrolyzes a peptide bond somewhere in the middle of the polypeptide
1 Amino Acid Metabolism: The primary purpose for s in the body is to provide the building blocks for proteins R other s. owever, if there is no protein synthesis occurring, the s can be broken down (i.e.
More informationChapter-5 Respiration in Plants Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Different substrates get oxidized during respiration. How does respiratory quotient (RQ) indicate which type of substrate i.e. carbohydrate,
More informationPart III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.5 Protein Catabolism 3.5a Protein Degradation 3.5b Amino Acid Breakdown 3.5c Urea Cycle
Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.5 Protein Catabolism 3.5a Protein Degradation 3.5b Amino Acid Breakdown 3.5c Urea Cycle Section 3.5a: Protein Degradation Synopsis 3.5a - Dietary proteins are degraded
More information2. You will need a Scantron and a pencil for this exam.
Exam III Chemistry 306 Fall 2009 Roper Name Exam Number Instructions: 1. Please turn in your chapter 21 and 23 homework. 2. You will need a Scantron and a pencil for this exam. 3. Please bring your backpacks
More informationVoet Biochemistry 3e John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
* * Voet Biochemistry 3e Lipid Metabolism Part I: (Chap. 25, sec.1-3) Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O G o = -2823 kj/mol Fats (palmitic acid) C 16 H 32 O 2 + 23 O 2 16 CO 2 + 16 H 2 O G o
More informationBCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry
BCH 5045 Graduate Survey of Biochemistry Instructor: Charles Guy Producer: Ron Thomas Director: Glen Graham Lecture 50 Slide sets available at: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/teach/guyweb/bch5045/index.html
More informationSix Types of Enzyme Catalysts
Six Types of Enzyme Catalysts Although a huge number of reactions occur in living systems, these reactions fall into only half a dozen types. The reactions are: 1. Oxidation and reduction. Enzymes that
More informationAmino acid metabolism II
Amino acid metabolism II Fates of amino acid carbon skeleton degradation to common intermediates pyruvate, intermediates of citric acid cycle, acetyl-coa Glucogenic AA precursors of glucose - degradation
More informationCHAPTER 16. Glycolysis
CHAPTER 16 Glycolysis Net reaction of Glycolysis Converts: 1 Glucose Hexose stage 2 pyruvate - Two molecules of ATP are produced - Two molecules of NAD + are reduced to NADH Triose stage Glucose + 2 ADP
More informationTable S9A: List of taurine regulated genes in Bp K96243 Chr 1 (up regulated >=2 fold) Cluster no GENE ID Start Stop Strand Function
Table S9A: List of taurine regulated genes in Bp K96243 Chr 1 (up regulated >=2 fold) Cluster no GENE ID Start Stop Strand Function 1 BPSL0024 26223 26621 + LrgA family BPSL0025 26690 27412 + hypothetical
More informationYield of energy from glucose
Paper : Module : 05 Yield of Energy from Glucose Principal Investigator, Paper Coordinator and Content Writer Prof. Ramesh Kothari, Professor Dept. of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot - 360005
More informationChapter 23 Enzymes 1
Chapter 23 Enzymes 1 Enzymes Ribbon diagram of cytochrome c oxidase, the enzyme that directly uses oxygen during respiration. 2 Enzyme Catalysis Enzyme: A biological catalyst. With the exception of some
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/ A1
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/0355843 A1 Pearlman et al. US 20160355843A1 (43) Pub. Date: (54) (71) (72) (73) (21) (22) (60) (60) METHODS FOR BIOSYNTHESIZING
More informationUnder aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondria where it is converted into acetyl CoA.
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondria where it is converted into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the fuel for the citric acid cycle, which processes the two carbon acetyl unit to two molecules
More informationSheet #13. #Citric acid cycle made by zaid al-ghnaneem corrected by amer Al-salamat date 11/8/2016. Here we go.. Record #18
1 Sheet #13 #Citric acid cycle made by zaid al-ghnaneem corrected by amer Al-salamat date 11/8/2016 Here we go.. Record #18 2 Three processes play central role in aerobic metabolism: 1) The citric acid
More informationBCH 4054 Chapter 19 Lecture Notes
BCH 4054 Chapter 19 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 19 Glycolysis 2 aka = also known as verview of Glycolysis aka The Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway First pathway discovered Common to almost all living cells ccurs in
More informationIntegration Of Metabolism
Integration Of Metabolism Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP, NADPH, and building blocks for biosyntheses. 1. ATP is the universal
More informationCompanion to Biosynthesis of Ketones & Cholesterols, Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Lecture Notes
Companion to Biosynthesis of Ketones & Cholesterols, Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Lecture Notes The major site of acetoacetate and 3-hydorxybutyrate production is in the liver. 3-hydorxybutyrate is the
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;
More informationGlycolysis. BCH 340 lecture 3 Chapter 8 in Lippincott 5 th edition
Glycolysis B 40 lecture hapter 8 in Lippincott 5 th edition All carbohydrates to be catabolized must enter the glycolytic pathway Glycolysis is degradation of glucose to generate energy (ATP) and to provide
More information