Biorenewable Insights. Isoprene and Isoprenoids

Transcription

1 Table of Contents A Report by NexantThinking Published June Section Page 1 Executive Summary OVERVIEW BIO-TECHNOLOGIES Biochemistry ECONOMICS USGC Regional Analysis Brazil Regional Analysis China Regional Analysis Western Europe Regional Analysis CAPACITY ANALYSIS IMPLICATIONS ON CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY PATENT ANALYSIS Introduction OVERVIEW BACKGROUND TO ISOPRENE AND ISOPRENOIDS Historical Overview and Business Development Bio-piracy and Bio-diversity Synthetic Rubbers Isoprene as a Hemi-Terpenoid Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathways CONVENTIONAL ISOPRENE INDUSTRY DRIVERS AND END-USES PROPERTIES Physical and Thermodynamic Properties

2 2.5.2 Specifications Health Hazards Technology EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES AND MAJOR PLAYERS BIOCHEMISTRY Fermentative Pathways Theoretical Maximum Isoprene Yield Renewable Feedstocks Selected Isoprene Producing Organisms used by Key Players ISOPRENE/ISOPRENOID PROCESS OVERVIEW Inoculum Preparation Reaction Section Separation/Purification Section BIO-ISOPRENE AND ISOPRENOID TECHONOLOGY LICENSORS Amyris Global Bioenergies Genencor and Goodyear Aemetis LanzaTech Ajinomoto GlycosBio Economics ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY Sources Capital Cost Elements Operating Cost Elements COST OF PRODUCTION (COP) ESTIMATES Bio-Isoprene Production Bio-Farnesene Production Bio-Limonene Production COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS Regional Analysis Process Analysis SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Feedstock Pricing

3 4.4.2 Investment Costs Economy of Scale ROCE Capacity Analysis OVERVIEW AND METHODOLOGY Types of Developments Considered Capacity Analysis Methodology EXISTING CAPACITY Amyris PLANNED PROJECTS Amyris Genencor and Goodyear Ajinomoto and Bridgestone Aemetis Implications on Conventional Technology SCALE AND MARKET PENETRATION MARKET PULL AND END-USES Polyisoprene Rubber (IR) Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene (SIS) Butyl Rubber (IIR) Potential of Isoprenoid-Based Fuels Specialty Chemicals PRICES AND MARGINS Bio-Isoprene Bio-Farnesene Bio-Limonene STRATEGIC AND TECHNICAL IMPLICATIONS Patent Analysis OVERVIEW Types of Patents Considered Overall Patent Activity by Region GRANTED PATENTS Global North America Asia Pacific

4 7.2.4 Europe PATENT APPLICATIONS Global North America Asia Pacific Europe ROW References

5 Figure Page 1.1 USGC Cost of Production Comparison Brazil Cost of Production Comparison China Cost of Production Comparison Western Europe Cost of Production Comparison Patent Activity over Time Overall Patent Activity by Region Polyisoprene Isomers Examples of Terpenoid Compounds and Applications Chemical Structures of Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate (Left) and Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate (Right) Isoprene Biosynthesis Biological Synthesis of Monoterpenes Diagram of Biosynthesis of Terpenes Isoprene Metabolic Pathways Existent in Nature Theoretical Maximum Yield MVA Pathway Theoretical Maximum Yield DXP Pathway Main Central Carbon Pathways Block Flow Diagram of Biogas Production and Limonene Extraction from Orange Peels Engineered pathway for Limonene Production in E. coli Aemetis Isoprene Production using the Z-Microbe TM Illustration of the Wood-Ljungdahl Metabolic Pathway Inoculum Preparation Steps Bio-derived Isoprene Fermentation Example of a Stirred Tank Bioreactor Oxygen Mass Transfer from Air Bubble into Cell Pressure Swing Adsorption Technology Process Diagram for the Purification of Isoprene by Genencor Amyris, Michelin, and Braskem Bio-Isoprene Project Production of Isoprene via Isoprenyl Production of Isoprene via Isoprenyl Sulfate Genencor and Goodyear BioIsoprene TM Collaboration Process Simplified Flow Diagram LanzaTech USGC Cost of Production Comparison Brazil Cost of Production Comparison

6 4.3 China Cost of Production Comparison Western Europe Cost of Production Comparison Fermentation via MVA Pathway - Cost of Production Comparison Fermentation via DXP Pathway - Cost of Production Comparison Fermentation via optimized MVA Pathway - Cost of Production Comparison Amyris Process - Cost of Production Comparison Amyris Process for Bio-Farnesene - Cost of Production Comparison Amyris Process for Bio-Limonene - Cost of Production Comparison USGC Bio-Isoprene Feedstock Pricing Sensitivity USGC Amyris Processes Feedstock Pricing Sensitivity USGC Bio-Isoprene Investment Cost Sensitivity USGC Amyris Processes Investment Cost Sensitivity USGC Bio-Isoprene Economy of Scale Sensitivity USGC Amyris Processes Economy of Scale Sensitivity USGC Bio-Isoprene ROCE Sensitivity USGC Amyris Processes ROCE Sensitivity Risk Adjustment Methodology Patent Activity over Time Overall Patent Activity by Region Granted Patents by Region Granted Patents by Assignee Breakdown of North American Granted Patents by Assignee Asia Pacific Granted Patents by Assignee European Granted Patents by Assignee Global Patent Applications by Region Global Patent Applications by Assignee North American Patent Applications by Assignee Asia Pacific Patent Applications by Assignee European Patent Applications by Assignee ROW Patent Applications by Assignee

7 Table Page 2.1 Terpenes Classification Outline of Process Technologies for the Production of Isoprene Isoprene Physical Properties Commercial Isoprene Specifications Commercial Isoprene Specifications Occurrence of MVA and DXP Pathways Fundamental Biochemical Reactions Production of Isoprene by Various Bacterial Strains Amyris Product Portfolio Cost of Production Estimate for: Isoprene by Fermentation via MVA Pathway Cost of Production Estimate for: Isoprene by Fermentation via DXP Pathway Cost of Production Estimate for: Isoprene by Fermentation via Optimized MVA Pathway Cost of Production Estimate for: Isoprene by Amyris Process Technology Cost of Production Estimate for: Farnesene by Amyris Process Technology Cost of Production Estimate for: Limonene by Amyris Process Technology Project Scoring Methodology Calculation Chart for Capacity Factor Amyris Biofene Commercial Facility Project Scoring, Brotas, Brazil Amyris Bio-Isoprene Commercial Facility Project Scoring, Brotas, Brazil Relative Advantages of Isoprene Rubber versus Natural Rubber Characteristics of Various Rubber Types Comparison of Aviation Turbine Fuels and Isoprene Potential Alternatives Comparison of Ethanol and Isoprene Properties Margins and Returns of Bio-Isoprene Processes in all Regions Margins and Returns of Bio-Farnesene Processes in all Regions Margins and Returns of Bio-Limonene Processes in all Regions Key Global Granted Patents Key North American Granted Patents North America Granted Patents Key Asia Pacific Granted Patents China Granted Patents Other Asia Pacific Granted Patents Key European Granted Patents

8 7.8 European Granted Patents Key Global Patent Applications Key North American Patent Applications U.S. Patent Applications Other North America Patent Applications Key Asia Pacific Patent Applications Chinese Patent Applications Other Asia Pacific Patent Applications Key European Patent Applications European Patent Applications All ROW Patent Applications

9 NexantThinking Nexant, Inc. ( is a leading management consultancy to the global energy, chemical, and related industries. For over 38 years, Nexant has helped clients increase business value through assistance in all aspects of business strategy, including business intelligence, project feasibility and implementation, operational improvement, portfolio planning, and growth through M&A activities. Nexant has its main offices in San Francisco (California), White Plains (New York), and London (UK), and satellite offices worldwide. Contact Details: New York: Steven Slome Phone: , sslome@nexant.com New York: Heidi Junker Coleman, Global Programs Support Manager Phone: , hcoleman@nexant.com Nexant, Inc. ( is a leading management consultancy to the global energy, chemical, and related industries. For over 38 years, Nexant has helped clients increase business value through assistance in all aspects of business strategy, including business intelligence, project feasibility and implementation, operational improvement, portfolio planning, and growth through M&A activities. Nexant has its main offices in San Francisco (California), White Plains (New York), and London (UK), and satellite offices worldwide. Copyright by Nexant Inc All Rights Reserved. 9