J. Ashish 1, H.L. Nadaf 2, K. Gangadhara 3 and P. Syam Sundar Reddy 4. UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

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1 International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research. ISSN , Volume 4, Number 3 (2013), pp Research India Publications ijbbr.htm Identification of Superior Recombinant Inbred Lines for High Oleic acid Content and Pod Yield Derived from a Cross GPBD-4 x GM 4-3 of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) J. Ashish 1, H.L. Nadaf 2, K. Gangadhara 3 and P. Syam Sundar Reddy 4 1 M.Sc. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. 3 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. 4 Horticultural College & Research Institute, Anantharajupet, DrYSRHU, Andhrapradesh. Abstract An investigation was carried out on identification of superior recombinant inbred lines for high oleic content and pod yield derived from a cross GPBD-4 X GM 4-3 of groundnut. The experimental material comprising of 816 recombinant inbred lines in F 7:8 generation was evaluated during 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. These recombinant inbred lines along with parents and checks were grown in replicated trial and observations were recorded on pod yield, shelling percentage, 100 seed mass and oleic acid content in kernels was estimated using Near Infrared Spectrometry (NIRS). High oleic acid recombinant inbred lines were identified that were consistent in performance during 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons with 66 per cent to 74 per cent oleic acid content when compared to the parents GPBD-4 (50.2 %) and GM4-3(69%). Most of the high acid RILs recorded for pod yield (>2515 kg/ha) was on par with the high yielding check GPBD-4 but two recombinant inbred lines, RIL (438) and RIL (440) recorded higher pod yield. Both were on par with respective standard check GPBD-4 (>4157 kg/ha) but had extremely high oleic

2 264 J. Ashish et al acid content (>66 %) compared to GPBD-4 (51 %) and both RILs were also resistant to foliar diseases, rust and late leaf spot. Keywords: oleic acid; near infra red spectrometry; recombinant inbred lines. 1. Introduction Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) being one of the important oil seed crops of India, still stands the lowest in terms of productivity. In groundnut over all pod yield is constituted by different components which makes it qualitatively inherited trait. Direct selection of pod yield would not be a reliable approach without outgiving due importance to genetic nature, owing to the complex nature of inheritance. In the present century people are more concerned about the quality of the oil, so oil quality along with the pod yield considered to be the major aspects as high MUFA content in oil increases the stability (O Keefe et al, 1993) and chances of cardio vascular diseases can be reduced as it removes LDL cholesterol and maintains HLD cholesterol (Kris- Eterton et al, 2001) which is required for good health. Hence, the present study was carried out for identification of the high yielding recombinant inbred lines along with the quality of the oil i.e. high oleic and high oleic to linoleic acid ratio. 2. Materials and Methods The experimental material for the present study consists of 816 recombinant inbred lines in F 7 generation derived from a cross GPBD-4 X GM4-3. These 816 RILs were available for present study which was evaluated with the parents and three checks in Randomized Block Design with two replications during 2011 and 2012 kharif season at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad and pooled analysis for both seasons done using Pbstat 2.1 software and plot size for each recombinant inbred line was 1.8 sq.m. Where parents GPBD-4 is high yielding with moderate oleic acid and GM 4-3 is moderate yielding and high oleic acid. Five plants were selected at random each genotype in each replication for recording observations on quantitative characters like pod yield per plot, kernel yield per plot pod yield per plant, 100 kernel weight and Shelling percentage. For quality parameters, eight fatty acids like palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid, 3 seeds were taken from each genotype for two replications were estimated using Near Infrared spectrometer 6500 (Foss NIR system, France) with a diffused reflectance range of nm. Disease score for both late leaf spot and rust taken based on the 1-9 scale by Subrahmanyam (1985).

3 Identification of Superior Recombinant Inbred Lines for High Oleic acid Content Results and Discussion Genetic analysis for all the yield contributing characters and quality parameters had done. As effectiveness of selection depends on the extent of genetic variability, evaluation of 816 recombinant inbred lines for all the quantitative characters like pod yield per plant, pod weight per plot, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, pod yield per hectare and kernel yield per hectare was done and it showed a significantly wide range of variability for all the quantitative traits in pooled analysis over both 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons (Table 1), indicating that there is a chance to obtain high yielding along with high oleic acid RILs. In addition to this estimate of heritability along with the genetic advance is done which mainly emphasizes in predicting the effectiveness for selecting the best individuals (Johanson et al, 1955) (Table 1). In the present study, as RILs in F 7:8 generation, all were expected to be homozygous. Thus for prediction of response to selection it is apt to use broad sense heritability because entire genotypic value is transmitted to the progeny. Hence, high heritability estimates has been recorded for pod weight per plant, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, pod yield per hectare and kernel yield per hectare in pooled analysis over both 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons and these results are in agreement with findings of (Zaman et al, 2011) for 100 kernel weight and kernel yield, Korat et al, 2009 for shelling percentage. Similarly high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for Linoleic acid, oleic to linoleic acid ratio and moderate genetic advance as per cent mean for oleic acid and arachidic acid. Thus considering all these criteria, selection for high yielding and high oleic acid RILs were done in pooled analysis over both 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons. Most of the high oleic acid RILs recorded for pod yield (>2515 kg/ha) was on par with the high yielding check GPBD-4 but two recombinant inbred lines, RIL (438) and RIL (440) recorded higher pod yield. Both were higher with respective standard check GPBD-4 (>4157 kg/ha) in pod yield and had extremely high oleic acid content (>66 %) compared to GPBD-4 (51 %) and along with this both RILs were also resistant to foliar diseases viz., rust and late leaf spot with disease score of 3. (Table 2) S. No Table 1: Mean, Range and Genetic parameters for different quantitative and qualitative traits for pooled. Traits Mean Range GCV% PCV% h 2 bs (%) GA GAM 1 Pod weight/plot (g) Pod weight/plant (g) kernel weight(g)

4 266 J. Ashish et al 4 Shelling (%) Pod yield (kg/ha) Kernel yield (kg/ha) Palmitic acid (%) Stearic acid (%) Oleic acid (%) Linoleic acid (%) Arachidic acid (%) Eicosenoic acid (%) Behenic acid (%) Lignoceric acid (%) Oleic / Linoleic acid ratio days rust days late leaf spot Analysis over both 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons Sl. No RIL NO. Table 2: Identification of superior Recombinant Inbred Lines for high oleic acid, high yield and their corresponding characters. Kharif Season Oleic acid (%) Linolei c acid (%) O/L Ratio Unsaturat ed fatty acid (%) Pod yield (kg/ha) Kernel Yield (kg/ha) 90 days rust pooled pooled pooled days LLS

5 Identification of Superior Recombinant Inbred Lines for High Oleic acid Content 267 Pooled pooled che cks GM4-3 GM6-1 GPB D-4 CD at 1% CD at 1% CD at 1% pooled Pooled pooled pooled Conclusion Genetic analysis of quantitative and qualitative traits of the cross GPBD-4 X GM4-3 showed high heritability for pod yield, shelling percentage, kernel yield, 100 seed weight, linoleic acid and oleic to linoleic acid ratio indicating that we can practice selection for these characters as no further change in the genetic constitution of the recombinant inbred lines as they attain nearly homozygous condition in F 7:8. So selection from the 816 RILs practised based on the pooled analysis over both 2011 and 2012 kharif seasons for oleic acid and pod yield resulted in identification of two high oleic acid recombinant inbred lines, RIL No 438 (66.43 %) and 440 (66.23 %) and pod yield is higher than the standard check GPBD-4 (4156 kg/ha). References [1] H W Johanson, H F Robinson and H F Comstock (1955), Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in groundnut, Agron. J., 47, pp [2] M A Zaman, M Tuhina-Khatun, M Z Ullah, M Moniruzzamn and K H Alam (2011), Genetic variability and path analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), A Scientific Journal of Krishi foundation, The Agriculturists, 9, 1&2, pp

6 268 J. Ashish et al [3] M P Kris-Eterton, A T Pearson, I R Ying-Wan Hargrove, K Moriarty, V Fishell and D T Etherton (2001), High monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, Amer. Soc. Clin. Nutr., 70, pp [4] P Subramanyam (1985), Plant Diseases, 69, pp [5] S F O Keefe, V A Wiley and D A Knauft (1993), Comparison of oxidation stability of high and normal oleic peanut oils, J. American Oilseeds Chem., 70, pp [6] V P Korat, M S Pithia, J J Savaliya, A G Pansuriya and P R Sodavadiya (2009), Studies on genetic variability in different genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Legume Res., 32,3, pp