Development and identification of heterotic hybrid combinations in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Transcription

1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Development and identification of heterotic hybrid combinations in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) U. K. Singh and Dhiraj Kumar Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Bihar, Pusa (Samastipur) , India Corresponding authors Id: Manuscript received: May, 10, 2017; Decision on manuscript: July, 10, 2017; Manuscript accepted: August, 5, Abstract The present investigation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was undertaken with the objective to assess the magnitude of heterosis for yield and yield component traits. Altogether thirty two hybrids where developed using four cytoplasmic male sterile lines and eight diverse testers in a line tester mating design. A wide range of heterosis for all the characters was observed. Ten hybrids showed significant negative heterosis for early maturity. The hybrids DSFH-22, DSFH-19, DSFH-20, DSFH-1, and DSFH-2 had maximum heterotic effect over the checks and better parent for days to 50% flowering, while crosses DSFH-2, DSFH-20 and DSFH-21 for days to maturity. Hybrid DSFH-4 recorded significant heterosis for Harvest index, seed filling per cent where as DSFH-6 hybrid recorded significant heterosis for biological yield, head diameter, seed filling per cent. Hybrid DSFH-30 recorded significant heterosis for most of the traits viz., biological yield, head diameter, volume weight, seed filling per cent. Hence, it is suggested that these identified six hybrids could be utilized in multilocations testing on larger plot size to confirm their yield potentiality and to know their stability over different agro-climatic situations. Selected parents CMS-502B, NDCM-1B, LSF and CSFI can be involve in different cross combination to derive, stable hybrids for commercial release. Key words: Sunflower, line, tester, heterosis, yield. Introduction Sunflower belongs to the genus Helianthus of the family Asteraceae, tribe Heliantheae, sub tribe Helianthinae, which includes 20 genera with 400 species. Helianthus annuus L. is an important edible oilseed crop in India. Exploitation of heterosis or hybrid vigour is an important method of crop improvement adopted in many of the crops all over the world. In order to exploit heterosis, choice of suitable parents is an important step. The selection of parents depends on factors like per se performance and their combining ability. Though the progress achieved in sunflower expansion is high in terms of area and production in India, in spite it s productivity is one of the lowest in whole world (Anonymous 2014). Hybrids are preferred by sunflower growers in many countries in the world due to the high yield performance, uniformity and quality etc. (Kaya et al., 2005). The lowest productivity in India demands the necessary 36-48

2 improvement in the productivity this crop by following different breeding approaches. Hybrids are preferred over varietal populations because of their high productivity in terms of seed and oil yield. Hybrids are more productive, uniform and also respond to higher level of fertilizer application and irrigation. In heterosis breeding programme, large number of hybrids are produced and evaluated to exploit hybrid vigor, which usually requires more resources and manpower. It is possible to select the parental lines based on their genetic diversity status to make limited crosses with better success, if there is a relationship between heterosis for yield and genetic diversity. Keeping this background information in mind the present investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of heterosis by using four CMS and eight fertility restorer lines by employing line tester analysis. Materials and methods The experimental material consists of four female lines and eight restorers were crossed in Line x Tester model to produce 32 hybrids. Altogether 32 hybrids were made from crosses of four cytoplasmic male sterile lines and eight diverse testers in a line tester matting design. The list of sunflower hybrids with cross combinations is given in table 1. These hybrids were evaluated during rabi at TCA, Dholi, farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Bihar, Pusa, Samastipur in randomized block design with three replication. The parents and their crosses were evaluated for 11 characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, Plant height (cm), days to maturity, biological yield (g), head diameter (cm), harvest index (%), 100-seed weight (g), volume weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), seed filling per cent and oil content (%). The percentage was measured using NMR facilities available at DOR (IIOR), Hyderabad. The heterosis effects in terms of per cent increase or decrease over standard check (useful heterosis) were measured for all characters were calculated as per the procedure suggested by Fonesca and Paterson (1968). Per cent heterosis over standard check = F 1 Where, SC 100 SC F 1 = mean of F1 hybrid SC = Mean value of standard check Heterosis was tested by least significance difference (LSD) as below: L.S.D. for B.P. or standard check = 2 (error M.S. 1 No. of replications) 1/2 x t at p = EMS S.E. r Where, EMS = Error mean sum of squares r = number of replications C.D. = S.E. (d) t value at probable error degrees of freedom was calculated and significance heterosis was tested in both situations of critical differences at 5 and 1 per level. Heterrobeltiosis was calculated based on the formula- F1 BP Heterobeltiosis (%) = 100 B B P = mean value of the better parent F B S.E. (D) for /r 1 P P 2M C.D. = S.E. (D) x t value at 0.05 or 0.01 probability at error degrees of freedom. se 37-48

3 Results and discussion Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) is one of the most important edible oilseed crop which ranks next only to soybean in the worlds production of edible oils. In the present day sunflower has become the oilseed crop of major economic importance in India and worldwide. A spectrum of varieties with different duration and yield potential are available for cultivation in India Identification of cytoplasmic male sterility sources leads to the exploitation of hybrid vigour and commercial hybrid seed production in sunflower became easier. Sunflower has highly cross pollinated nature; hence it offers tremendous scope for commercial exploitation of heterosis using cytoplasmic restorer system (Madrap and Makne, 1993; Sugoor et al., 1996 and Gangappa et al., (1997). Though, heterotic vigour could be exploited by development of hybrids but commercialization of hybrids depends on the superiority over the standard checks (hybrids). In other words, the standard heterosis of the newly developed hybrids is of prime importance for its adoption by farmers. The present attempt has been made in the estimation of standard heterosis for seed yield and important components. Generally the per se performance of the parents is found to be closely related with high heterotic hybrids. There was desirable shift in mean performance from parents to hybrids in almost all the characters under study (Table 2). Sixteen hybrids showed significant earliness than the earlier check DRSH-1 (63.00) days. Hybrids DSFH-1 (56.00), DSFH-2 (56.00), DSFH-13 (56.00) and DSFH-19 (56.00) were the earliest among the 32 crosses for days to 50% flowering. The hybrid combination involving parents NDCMS-1B (56.00) and CMS-17B (62.00) induces earliness for 50% flowering. Hybrid combination involving CMS- 339/89/1B and CMS-17B contributed dwarfness to hybrids. Fifteen hybrids showed earliness in maturity over the early maturing check DRSH- 1 (92.00) days. Hybrids DSFH-20 (85.00), DSFH-21 (85.00), DSFH-2 (85.00) and DSFH- 13 (86.00) were earlier in maturity. Nine hybrids reflected higher biological yield when compared to the best check KBSH-44 (103.33), however the hybrids DSFH-14 (216.67), DSFH-6 (201.00) and DSFH-30 (192.33) showed higher magnitudes for biological yield. The hybrid combination involving parent SS (113.33) and CMS-17B (118.00) contributed for higher biological yield. The crosses exhibiting significantly higher head diameter were DSFH- 30 (29.30), DSFH-6 (27.00) and DSFH-7 (22.83). The crosses exhibiting significantly higher 100 seed weight and volume weight were DSFH-19 (7.64), DSFH-25 (7.50) DSFH-21 (7.00) and DSFH-30 (68.00), DSFH-18 (66.00) respectively. Six crosses exhibited higher seed yield per plant then best check KBSH-44 (43.50). However, the hybrids DSFH-4 (64.00), DSFH-10 (60.33) and DSFH-6 (58.33) showed higher seed yield per plant among the hybrids. All the crosses showed significantly higher seed filling percentage except DSFH-15 over the best check DRSH-1 (38.13). Two hybrids DSFH-31 (42.00) and DSFH-23 (41.33) exhibited significantly higher oil content over the best check DRSH-1 (38.33). Such high performance for important characters in sunflower was also noticed by Parmeswari et al., (2004), Jeena and Sheikh (2004) and Rahman et al., (2006). Under rainfed cultivation or limited irrigation supply, early flowering and maturity are desirable attributes in sunflower crop. Therefore, negative heterosis was considered as desirable for these characters ten hybrids have shown significant negative heterosis for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity over the checks (DRSH-1 and KBSH-44) and better parent (Table 3) Genepool The crosses DSFH-22, DSFH-19, DSFH-20, DSFH-1 and DSFH-2 had maximum heterotic effect over the check and better parent for days to 50% 38-48

4 flowering while crosses DSFH-2, DSFH-20 and DSFH-21 for days to maturity. In sunflower dwarf to medium tall plant is required because tall plant are prone to lodging therefore negative heterosis in this case is also desirable. Five hybrids showed significant negative heterosis over two checks and better parent. Hybrids, DSFH-22 has the maximum magnitude of heterosis followed by DSFH-28 and DSFH-12 over checks DRSH-1, KBSH-44 and better parent Genepool Eight hybrids showed significant positive heterosis for biological yield over two checks and better parent. Head diameter is the most important character related to yield. Large heads accommodate more seeds which help to increase the production. Three out of 32, hybrids recorded positive significant heterosis over two checks and better parent. Hybrids DSFH-7 (13.60, 15.32, 31.73), DSFH-30 (45.77, 47.98, 22.08) and DSFH-6 (34.66, 36.36, 12.50) were having the highest heterosis value among the 32 crosses. The significant contribution for head diameter in above hybrids involves NDCMS-1B and CMS- SS-502. Negative heterosis has also been reported for plant height by Chidambaran and Sudarshan (1990) and Phad et al., (2002). Such high heterosis for head diameter in sunflower was also reported by Naresh et al., (1996) and Gill and Punia (1996). High harvest index is directly related to increase in the yield of sunflower. Among 32 hybrids studied, the desirable positive significant heterosis was manifested by 4 hybrids. The high heterotic hybrids were viz., DSFH-22 (48.88, 47.37, 73.31) and DSFH-28 (65.48, 6381, 60.48). High test weight is related to seed yield. In the present study six hybrids exhibited significant positive heterosis over the two checks and better parent Genepool The hybrids DSFH-19 (59.24, 51.65, ), DSFH-21 (45.83, 38.89, 94.44) and DSFH-22 (38.82, 32.21, 85.09) showed highest significant positive heterosis over the two checks and better parent. High volume weight is having direct positive relation with weight of seed. Among 32 hybrids studied three exhibited positive significant heterosis over the two checks and better parent Genepool Such desirable positive significant heterosis for harvest index was also reported by Singh et al., (1984) and Thombare et al., (2007). Similarly high heterosis for test weight was reported by Giriraj et al. (1986) and Govindaraju et al., (1986). For volume weight high heterosis was reported by Thombare et al., (2007), Latha et al., (2005), Dudhe et al., (2009) Increased seed yield per plant is the ultimate objective in crop breeding hence high heterosis for seed yield is always looked for. Out of 32 hybrids 6 hybrids exhibited positive significant heterosis over the two checks and better parent Genepool The hybrids DSFH-26 (58.10, 27.20, 69.41), DSFH-4 (82.86, 47.13, 68.72) and DSFH-6 (66.67, 34.10, 43.44) exhibited highest significant positive heterosis for this trait. The CMS lines CMS-SS-502B and restorers LSF , CSFI-5313 and SS played important role for transfer of seed yield in hybrids. High heterosis for seed yield was also reported by Jeena and Sheikh (2004), Latha et al. (2005) and Thombare et al., (2007). Percent filled seeds in sunflower are positively correlated with seed yield. Out of 32 hybrids 30 hybrids recorded significant positive heterosis over the two checks and better parent Genepool The high heterotic hybrids were DSFH- 26, DSFH- 24, DSFH-18 and DSFH-29 such desirable positive heterosis were also reported by Limbore et al., (1998) and Jeena and sheikh (2004). Oil yield per hectare is the important criteria in sunflower which depends on the genotype. Two hybrids recorded significant positive heterosis over the two checks and better parent Genepool The hybrids are DSFH- 31 (9.57, 12.50, 11.50) and DSFH-23 (7.83, 10.71, 9.73). Such type of high heterosis was also reported by Naresh et al., (1996) and Limbore et al., (1997). Top six desirable crosses 39-48

5 with per se performance for seed yield per plant with standard heterosis are presented in (Table 4). Hybrid DSFH-4 recorded significant heterosis for Harvest index, seed filling per cent where as DSFH-6 hybrid recorded significant heterosis for biological yield, head diameter, seed filling per cent. Hybrid DSFH-30 recorded significant heterosis for most of the traits viz., biological yield, head diameter, volume weight, and seed filling per cent. Hence, it is suggested that these identified six hybrids could be utilized in multilocations testing on larger plot size to confirm their yield potentiality and to know their stability over different agro-climatic situations. Selected parents CMS-502B, NDCM-1B, LSF and CSFI can be involve in different cross combination to derive, stable hybrids for commercial release. References 1. Anonymous, Annual progress report, Sunflower Directorate of oilseeds research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. 2. Chidambamram, S. and Sudarshan, N Correlation between yield and yield components in sunflower. Madras Agril. J., 77: Dudhe, M.Y., Moon, M.K. and Lande, S.S Evaluation of restorer lines for heterosis studies on sunflower. J. Oilseeds Res., 26 (Special issue): Fonesca, S. and Patterson, P Hybrid vigour in seven parent diallel cross in common winter wheat. Crop sci., 8: Gangappa, E., Channakrishniah, K.M., Ramesh, S. and Harini, A.S Exploitation of heterosis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Crop Res., 13: Gill, H. S. and Punia, M. S Expression of heterosis in single, double and three way cross hybrids of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 19: Jeena, A.S. and Sheikh, F. A Standard heterosis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). J. Maharashtra Agril. University., 29 (3): Jeena, A.S. and Sheikh, F. A Standard heterosis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). J. Maharashtra Agril. University., 29 (3): Kaya, Y. and Atakisi, I.K Combining ability analysis of some yield characters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 27: Latha, K.M., Vishnuvardhan Reddy A. and Devasenamma, V Hybrid vigour and combiing ability in sunflower, (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids involving CMS lines. J. Oilseed Res., 23(2): Limbore, A. R., Waginwar, D. G., Lande, S.S., Gite, B. D. and Chodke, K. M Heterosis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ann. Plant Physiol.,12 (1): Limbore, A.R., Weginwar, D.G., Gite, B.D. and Ghorade, R.B., Combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 20: Madrap, I. A. and Makne, V. G., Heterosis in relation to combining ability effect and phenotypic stability in sunflower. Indian J. Agril. Sci., 63(8): Naresh, R., Channakrishnaiah, K. M. and Gangappa, E Heterosis in single cross and three way cross hybrids of sunflower. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 30: Parameshwari, C., Muralidharan, V., Subbalaksmi, B. and Manivannan, M., 2004, Genetic analysis of yield and important traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids. J. Oilseeds Res.,21(1): Phad, D. S., Joshi, B.M., Ghodke, M.K., Kamble, K. R. and Gole, J.P., Heterosis and combining ability analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J

6 Maharashtra Agril. University.,27 (1): Rahman, D.H., Khalil, I.H., Farooqi, A. and Habib, R Magnitude of heterosis for morphological and yield trits in sunflower. (Helianthus annuus L. ). Pakistan J. Plant Sci., 12 (1): Singh, S.B., Labana, K.S. and Virk, D.S., Heterosis in variety inbred crosses of sunflower. Crop Improv., 11: Sugoor, R. K., 1992, Hetarosis and combining ability of induced mutant restorer lines in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis Univ. Agril. Sci. Dharwad, India. 20. Thombare, V., Makane, V.G. and Borgaonkar, S.B Combiing ability studies in sunflower Internet. J. Plant. Sci., (2):

7 Table 1. List of sunflower hybrids with cross combinations Sr. Cross combination Hybrid No. 1 NDCMS-1A DRSF DSFH-1 2 NDCMS-1A LSF DSFH -2 3 NDCMS-1A CSFI DSFH -3 4 NDCMS-1A CSFI-5313 DSFH -4 5 NDCMS-1A GAUSUF-15 DSFH -5 6 NDCMS-1A SS DSFH -6 7 NDCMS-1A TNUSUF-7A-2-1 DSFH -7 8 NDCMS-1A GENEPOOL DSFH -8 9 CMS-339/89/1A DRSF DSFH CMS-339/89/1A LSF DSFH CMS-339/89/1A CSFI DSFH CMS-339/89/1A CSFI DSFH CMS-339/89/1A GAUSUF-15 DSFH CMS-339/89/1A SS DSFH CMS-339/89/1A TNUSUF-7A-2-1 DSFH CMS-339/89/1A GENEPOOL DSFH CMS-17A DRSF DSFH CMS-17A LSF DSFH CMS-17A CSFI DSFH CMS-17A CSFI-5313 DSFH CMS-17A GAUSUF-15 DSFH CMS-17A SS DSFH CMS-17A TNUSUF-7A-2-1 DSFH CMS-17A GENEPOOL DSFH CMS-SS-502A DRSF DSFH CMS-SS-502A LSF DSFH CMS-SS-502A CSFI DSFH CMS-SS-502A CSFI-5313 DSFH CMS-SS-502A GAUSUF-15 DSFH CMS-SS-502A SS DSFH CMS-SS-502A TNUSUF-7A-2-1 DSFH CMS-SS-502A GENEPOOL DSFH DRSH -1 (C) - 34 KASH-44 (C)

8 Table 2. Mean performance of parents and hybrids (crosses) for eleven significant characters Sl. No. Character Days to 50 % flowering Plant height (cm) Days to maturity Biological yield per plant ( g) Head diameter (cm) Harvest index (%) 100 seed Weight (g) Volume Weight (g/l.) Seed yield per plant (g) CMS Lines 1 NDCMS-1B CMS-339/89/1B CMS-17B CMS-SS-502B Restorers 5 DRSF (R) LSF (R) CSFI (R) CSFI-5313 (R) GAUSUF-15(R) SS (R) TNUSUF-7B-2-1 (R) Genepool (R) Hybrids 13 NDCMS-1B x DRSF NDCMS-1B x LSF NDCMS-1B x CSFI NDCMS-1B x CSFI NDCMS-1B x GAUSUF NDCMS-1B x SS NDCMS-1B x TNUSUF-7B NDCMS-1B x Genepool CMS-339/89/1B x DRSF CMS-339/89/1B x LSF CMS-339/89/1B x CSFI CMS-339/89/1B x CSFI CMS-339/89/1B x GAUSUF Seed filling (%) Oil content (%) Table 2 Contd 43-48

9 Sl. No. Character Days to 50 % flowering Plant height (cm) Days to maturity Biological yield per plant ( g) Head iameter (cm) Harvest index (%) 100 seed Weight (g) Volume Weight (g/l.) Seed yield per plant (g) 26 CMS-339/89/1B x SS CMS-339/89/1Bx TNUSUF-7B CMS-339/89/1Bx Genepool CMS-17B x DRSF CMS-17B x LSF CMS-17B x CSFI CMS-17B x CSFI CMS-17B x GAUSUF CMS-17B x SS CMS-17B x TNUSUF-7B CMS-17B x Genepool CMS-SS-502B x DRSF CMS-SS-502B x LSF CMS-SS-502B x CSFI CMS-SS-502B x CSFI CMS-SS-502B x GAUSUF CMS-SS-502B x SS CMS-SS-502B x TNUSUF-7B CMS-SS-502B x Genepool Checks 45 DRSH KBSH CD at 5% Mean CV SEm ± Seed filling (%) Oil content (%)

10 Table 3. Estimation of Standard heterosis and heterobeltiosis for eleven characters in sunflower Hybrid Days to50% Flowering Plant Height (cm) Days to Maturity Biological yield per plant (g) DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DSFH ** ** -6.67** ** ** ** -8.42** ** ** DSFH ** ** -6.67** ** ** ** ** -6.59** ** DSFH ** -7.81** ** ** 24.06** -4.35** -7.37** ** DSFH ** 7.81** 13.11** ** ** 17.29* 8.70** 5.26** 11.11** ** DSFH * ** ** ** -8.42** -3.33* * 18.64* DSFH * ** ** 14.20* 4.35** ** ** 94.52** 77.35** DSFH ** ** * * * DSFH ** -7.81** ** ** 16.25** -5.43** -8.42** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** 39.92** 14.19* 28.26** DSFH ** ** ** 24.88** 3.26* ** 35.57** ** DSFH ** -9.90** ** ** * -6.32** * DSFH * ** ** * * ** ** ** DSFH ** ** -9.68** ** ** ** ** -4.44** ** DSFH ** ** 18.52** * ** ** 91.18** DSFH * ** ** ** ** DSFH * ** ** ** ** 21.94** 36.96** DSFH * ** ** 15.92* * 61.66** 31.94** 15.54** DSFH ** ** ** 18.95** 24.18** ** DSFH ** ** -9.68** ** ** ** -8.07** -4.03* 24.11** * DSFH ** ** -8.06** ** ** 30.20** -7.61** ** -6.59** * ** DSFH ** ** -8.06** ** ** ** ** -6.59** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** ** -5.43** -8.42** -5.43** ** ** ** DSFH ** -7.81** -4.84* ** ** ** -7.37** -3.30* 52.17** 24.19** 8.76 DSFH * ** ** ** ** 42.90** 25.14** DSFH * -6.25** ** ** ** -7.37** -4.35** 50.99** 23.23** 53.41** DSFH ** ** ** * 4.35** ** DSFH * -6.25** ** ** ** -7.37** -4.35** 16.21* * DSFH * -6.25** ** ** * -3.26* -6.32** -3.26* ** ** ** DSFH ** -7.81** -4.84* ** ** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** 11.03* ** 86.13** 69.71** DSFH ** -7.81** -4.84* ** ** ** * ** DSFH * ** ** 11.28* ** ** ** Table 3 Contd

11 Hybrid Head Diameter (cm) Harvest Index(%) 100 Seed Weight (g.) Volume Weight (g./l.) DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DSFH * ** * ** ** 33.33** DSFH ** ** * 23.19* * ** 91.79** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** 75.73** 42.22** ** 15.46** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** 53.68** DSFH ** 36.36** 12.50* ** ** ** * ** -7.88* ** DSFH * 15.32* 31.73** ** 72.44** DSFH ** ** * ** ** ** DSFH * ** ** ** ** ** 98.13** DSFH ** ** 29.57** 26.51* 25.24* ** ** 43.46** DSFH ** ** 36.37** 29.23** 27.93** ** -9.39** ** DSFH ** ** ** 68.77** 47.89** ** ** ** 29.60** DSFH ** ** * ** 53.43** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** 79.44** DSFH ** * * ** -9.09** ** DSFH ** ** * 20.56* ** 20.00** ** DSFH ** ** 34.65** * * ** 59.24** 51.65** ** 14.99** ** ** DSFH ** ** 48.25** ** 25.66** 75.93** ** 59.37** DSFH ** ** ** 30.51** ** 38.89** 94.44** 17.32** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** 48.88** 47.37** 73.31** 38.82** 32.21** 85.09** 43.04** -6.89* ** DSFH * ** ** ** 16.67* ** 69.55** 10.36** ** DSFH * * ** ** ** ** ** ** DSFH * ** ** ** 56.25** 48.81** 74.42** * ** ** DSFH ** ** ** 31.12** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** -7.27* ** DSFH ** ** ** 63.81** 60.48** 19.44* ** 34.92** ** ** DSFH * * 27.53** * 19.27** ** ** DSFH ** 47.98** 22.08** ** ** ** 89.94** 23.64** ** DSFH * * * 20.38* ** 65.06** DSFH * ** 19.05* 27.66** ** ** 81.71** Table 3 Contd

12 Hybrid Seed Yield Per Plant (g.) Seed Filling (%) Oil Content (%) DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P DSFH * ** 64.58** 58.35** DSFH * 72.20** 76.21** 69.54** DSFH * 21.65* * 5.50 DSFH ** 47.13** 68.72** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** 71.74** 65.23** DSFH ** 34.10** 43.44** 25.87** 28.80** 23.92** ** 7.42* DSFH ** ** ** ** DSFH * ** 87.06** 91.94** 84.17** DSFH ** ** ** DSFH ** 38.70** 37.12** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** 72.76** 73.07** * DSFH ** ** 94.51** 94.86** -8.70* DSFH ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** DSFH * DSFH ** ** ** DSFH ** ** 71.33** 75.31** 81.31** DSFH ** 18.01* 33.91** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** DSFH * ** 48.55** 69.30** ** DSFH * ** ** ** -8.70* DSFH ** ** ** * DSFH ** 151.4** ** 7.83* 10.71** 9.73** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** -8.48* 4.59 DSFH ** ** ** DSFH ** 27.20** 69.41** ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** ** DSFH ** * ** ** ** DSFH ** ** ** ** ** DSFH ** 28.74** 37.70** ** ** ** * DSFH * ** ** ** 9.57** 12.50** 11.50** DSFH * ** ** ** * ** and *indicate significance at 1% and 5% respectively 47-48

13 Table 4. Top six desirable crosses with per se performance for seed yield per plant with standard heterosis Cross Seed yield per plant (g) Heterosis over standard check DRSH-1 KBSH-44 B.P Significant heterosis for other character DSFH Harvest index,seed filling per cent DSFH biological yield, head diameter, seed filling per cent DSFH Seed filling per cent DSFH Volume weight, seed filling per cent DSFH Plant height,, seed filing per cent DSFH Biological yield, head diameter, volume weight,seed filling per cent 48-48