The Contribution of Enzymes to Bioprocessing and Industrial Sustainability

Transcription

1 The Contribution of Enzymes to Bioprocessing and Industrial Sustainability Ghent, Belgium September 21st 2005 Kirsten Birkegaard Stær, Director External Affairs

2 Novozymes in brief Danish biotech-based company World leader in enzymes and microorganisms Comprehensive biotechnology platform with 4,200 pending and active patents Sales of more than 600 different products to more than130 countries Turnover 2004: DKK 6,024 million More than 4,000 employees in 30 countries (680 in R&D)

3 Bioprocesses Biological processes used on an industrial scale Processes where life science is used in combination with chemistry or as a substitute for chemistry Processes with a shift from fossil raw materials to renewable raw materials ( biomass and/or biomass waste)

4 Enzymes! Smart enzymes are prerequisites for succesful bioprocesses Smart enzymes are made with modern biotechnology

5 The Development of Smart Enzymes Requires Leading-edge Biotechnology Expertise Enzymes sourced from nature microorganism collection Diversity generated via strong screening tools, protein engineering, gene shuffling Smart enzymes with the right activity, performance, stability, compatibility, specificity, temperature and ph optima

6 Enzymes in bioprocesses play a crucial role in modern everyday life

7 Enzymatic Bioprocesses A contribution to better lives: Benefits for human health Benefits for the environment Benefits for climate

8 Enzymatic bioprocesses for better lives human health can improve nutritional value of food can replace chemicals and avoid contaminants in food can improve organoleptic quality of food

9 Enzymes in margarine production ensuring a more healthy margarine

10 Fat modification Vegetable oils are too liquid to use without modification Melting profile of the fats has to be adjusted Fat modification is necessary, but may lead to the formation of transfatty acids

11 Enzymatic interesterification of margarine Concern that industrially produced trans-fatty acids play a role in the development of heart diseases Authorities in various contries have set up upper limits and labelling requirement Enzymatic interesterification does not lead to the formation of trans-fatty acids

12 Enzymatic interesterification is a simple process Chemical interesterification Drying of oil, 107 C 54 mmhg Batch interest. Catalyst: NaOCH3 Cooling To 93 C Wash oil 5-10% water Remove water, drying, bleaching Deo - dorization Enzymatic interesterification Drying of oil Interest. Reaction Catalyst: Lipase Deo - dorization

13 Enzymes can make foods more safe by reducing the formation of acrylamide

14 Enzymes can make foods more safe by reducing the formation of acrylamide in food Acrylamide is found in a range of cereal or potato based foods Acrylamide is carcinogenic in rats and mice JECFA recommends that appropriate efforts to reduce acrylamide concentration in food should continue The enzyme asparaginase can reduce the formation in baked, fried and roasted products

15 Enzymatic bioprocesses for better lives - the environment Reduction in the emission of unwanted substances to soil and aquatic environment Savings of agricultural raw materials Savings of energy

16 Replacing traditional chemicals with enzymes in industrial processes Conventional processes can be changed into bioprocesses where enzymes replace the use of traditional chemicals Many examples within a range of industries: pulp and paper, leather, textiles Reduces emission to the environment of polluting substances. Saves energy and water, and improves working environment Slide No. 16

17 Textile: Enzyme Applications Laccase Cellulase Amylase

18 Enzymatic bioprocesses in Agriculture, Livestock and Fish Farming Can reduce environmental impact of intensive livestock and fish farming Can improve nutritive value of animal feed and create new opportunities for farming

19 Use of Phytase in pig feed Phytase releases the phosphate bound in the grain Phytase Inorganic P Feed P bound in phytic acid P in manure P utilised by crops Excess P -> Less inorganic P is needed Inorganic phosphate supplementation -> P in manure to is pig reduced feed leads to excess of phosphorus (P) in manure at intensive farms in Denmark - > Excess P is reduced

20 Enzymatic bioprocesses for better lives the climate The global warming caused by greenhouse gas is projected to cause a rise in temperature of approximately degrees Celcius before 2100 CO2 emissions count for approximately 55% of the global warming effect Enzymatic bioprocesses have the potential to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions

21 Enzymes in detergents can lower washing temperatures Enzymes used in detergents have already lowered the washing temperatures significantly in households Detergents containing only enzymes and other biological ingredients can reduce the temperature further Leads to less energy use and less CO2 emission

22 BioEnergy The challenge of making the enzymatic conversion of biomass to ethanol economical

23 Biorefineries The Vision Bio energy transport energy Waste biomass Pretreatment process Starch e.g. corn Cellulose Enzyme process Enzyme process Fermentable sugars Fermentation process Bio materials plastic, polymers Biomaterials bulk chemicals New bio materials

24 Life Cycle Assessment LCA is a method which compares the environmental impacts of 2 or more alternative systems which has the same objectives System 1 (enzymatic) System 2 (chemical) LCA User Benefit LCA addresses a wide range of environmental impacts: Consumption of resources: Chemicals, energy, water, land use Emissions with global impact potential: Global Warming Stratospheric Ozone Depletion LCA only considers the environmental impact LCA addresses the whole production system, from cradle to grave; from production of raw materials to handling of waste Emissions with local/regional impact potential: Acidification Nutrient Enrichment Summer smog Toxicity

25 Emission of green house gases from production and use of 1 kg NZ enzyme -500kg bioethanol from corn starch Bioethanol industry 1kg NZ enzyme 1kg NZ enzyme oil industry kg Oil degumming Animal feed industry -30 kg Substitution of phosphate -150kg 1kg NZ enzyme Detergent industry 1kg NZ enzyme low temperature wash (40->30 C) NOVOZYMES Production of 1 kg enzyme: + 10 kg 1kg NZ enzyme Biocatalysis 1kg NZ enzyme 1kg NZ enzyme Textile industry kg Fatty acid esters production Baking industry kg anti stale bread scouring of cotton -120 kg

26 If the savings of CO 2 emission per kg enzymes was only 100 kg Annual CO 2 savings driven by Novozymes enzymes would be 13 million tons Denmark has to reduce the annual emission of CO 2 with approximately 13 million tons during

27 Enzymatic Bioprocesses and industrial sustainability Bioprocesses contribute to a sustainable development Biorenewables (Raw materials) Bioprocesses Bioproducts Life cycle analysis Enzymes Microorganisms Sustainable environment Sustainable economy / Sustainable society

28 Consumers are increasingly interested to learn about enzymes and benefits Consumers need and want information Consumers are ready for a more nuanced debate Consumers believe that dialogue is very important