B Baclofen, 32 Biopsychosocial model, 35 Botulinum toxins,

Transcription

1 A AAHPM. See American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine AAMC. See American Association of Medical Colleges ACCF. See American College of Cardiology Foundation Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 199 Acetaminophen adverse effects/precautions, mechanism, 62 nonopioid combination, vs. NSAID, osteoarthritis, Adjuvant analgesics carbamazepine, 99 gabapentin (neurontin), 99 lidocaine, milnacipran (savella), 98 neuropathic pain, 97 NSAIDs, phenytoin, 100 SNRIs, 98 TCAs, 97 venlafaxine (effexor), 98 Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 58 59, 70 Advocacy Web sites AAHPM, 170 AGS guidelines, 169 American Society for Action on Pain, 170 arthritis, 170 fibromyalgia, 170 headache, 170 head and neck pain, 172 IASP, 169 management, migraine, 170 neuropathic pain, 171 pelvic pain, 172 sickle cell disease, 172 site rating, 169 vulvar pain, 172 AGC. See American Geriatrics Society Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guidelines, Allodynia, 6 Alzheimer s Association, 193 AMDA. See American Medical Directors Association American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (AAHPM), 170 American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC), 199 American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), 71 American Geriatrics Society (AGS), 161 adjuvant, drugs acetaminophen, 30 baclofen, 32 corticosteroids, 30, 32 fibromyalgia, 31 GABAB, 32 opioid therapy, 31 NSAIDs, opioids, 29 pharmacological guidance, 27 American Headache Society (AHS), 170 American Medical Directors Association (AMDA), 63, 65, 69, 86 American Pain Foundation, 190 American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), 109 Analgesia, 6 Anesthesia dolorosa, 7 F.M. Gloth, III (ed.), Handbook of Pain Relief in Older Adults: An Evidence-Based Approach, Aging Medicine, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

2 206 B Baclofen, 32 Biopsychosocial model, 35 Botulinum toxins, C California lawsuit, 202 Carbamazepine, 99 Causalgia, 7 Celiac plexus blocks (CPBs), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 195, 199 Central neurolysis, Citizen Advocacy Center (CAC), 191 Clinton Health Plan, 155 Codeine, 94 Comorbid states, 61 Continuing Medical Education (CME), 196, 197 Cryotherapy, 48 D Diathermy, 49 Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), 156, 157, 201 Dysesthesia, 7 E Education for Physicians on End-of-life Care (EPEC), 197 Electrotherapy, Epidural steroids, 118 F Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), Fentanyl, Fibromyalgia, 31 Functional Pain Scale (FPS), 16 17, 20 G Gabapentin (neurontin), 99 Gamma amino butyric acid type B (GABAB), 32 Ganglion impar block, Gate control theory, 35 Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), 27 H Health-care professional, 8 9, 148 Hydromorphone, 91 Hyperalgesia, 7 Hyperesthesia, 7 Hyperkalemia, 60 Hyperpathia, 7 Hypoalgesia, 7 Hypoesthesia, 7 I Ibuprofen, 62 IDET. See Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty Interferential electrical current (IFC), 50 International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), 86, 105 Internet and electronic medical records adults, 166 advantages, 172 hospital systems, 172 package, pain advocacy Web sites AAHPM, 170 AGS guidelines, 169 American Society for Action on Pain, 170 arthritis, 170 fibromyalgia, 170 headache, 170 head and neck pain, 172 IASP, 169 management, migraine, 170 neuropathic pain, 171 pelvic pain, 172 sickle cell disease, 172 site rating, 169 vulvar pain, 172 systems, 172 utility, Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty (IDET), , 125 Intrathecal therapy, Iontophoresis, J Joint Commission for Accreditation of Hospital Organizations (JCAHO), 19, 32, 146 Juxtaglomerular cells, 60

3 K Kinematic therapy, L Legislative and public policies contributions legislative battles, 151 officials, 150 professional society, 151 groundwork committee, 159 diagnosis, 159 electronic print media, 160 key players, 158 local contacts, 159 television, 160 impact, media challenges AGS, 161 antagonist, 161 opportunistic attorneys, 162 oxycontin abuse, 162 Medical Executive Committee, 157 meperidine, 157 motivation Clinton Health Plan, 155 Democratic Republic, 156 health system obstacles, regulation and manipulation chilling effect, th congress, 152 democrats, 153 enforcement agency, 154 government restriction, 155 health-care professionals, 151 pain management, 152 Pain Relief Promotion Act, 153, 154 representation health-care professionals, 148 pain relief, 149 senator Frist, 148 voting, 149 state regulators, 158 symbiotic relationship, 158 Lidocaine, Light therapy, 49 Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB), M Manual therapy, Maryland End-of Life Training (MET) Program, Medication administration record (MAR), 141 Meperidine, 94, 157 Methadone, 95 Milnacipran (savella), 98 Mini-mental state examination, Minimum data set (MDS), 199 N National Institute on Aging, 193 National Institute on Health (NIH), 169, 180, 196 Nerve blocks facet blocks, local anesthetics, sympathetic blocks, Neuralgia, 7 Neuritis, 7 Neuromatrix theory, 35 Neuropathic pain, 97 Neuropathy, 7 Nociceptor, 7 Nonopioid therapy adverse effects/precautions, mechanism, 62 placement, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) acetaminophen, 28 chronic basis, 30 nonselective, oral, 31 safe doses, 29 topical, 30, 31 utility, 33 Noxious stimulus, 7 O Ombudsmen Resource Center, 191 Opioids, 1. See also Pharmacotherapy adverse effects/precautions, mechanism, placement, preference, Orthotics, 52 Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), 64, Osteopathic manipulation therapy, Oxycodone, 15, 90 91

4 208 P Pain assessment communication impairment body language, 18 reassessment, management, oxycodone, 15 research vs. clinical care celerity, 21 delirium and dementia, 20 JCAHO, 19 vigilance, 20 scales FPS, operations, screening instruments acute /chronic nature, 22 basic elements, 21 importance, 24 medication, 22 physical examination, 23 presbyopia, 24 quality, 22 signs and symptoms, 22 Pain care navigation advocation encouragement, 183 family member/friend recruitment, 182 interdisciplinary pain team, 182 patient education, 181 patient support programs, 183 personal support, 182 tips, 182 Alzheimer s Association, 193 American Geriatrics Society, 193 American Pain Foundation, 190 CAC, 191 care transition, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 193 challenges, elder law and care, 192 misperceptions, 186 myths stereotypes and misunderstandings, 186 National Institute on Aging, 193 Ombudsmen resource center, 191 patient advocate association, 192 quality care advocacy resources, resources, 189 rights, 184 self-care, WISER, 194 Pain management assessment evaluation, 139 level, 138 RAI, 137 VAS, 138 barriers challenges, 136 cognitive impairment, 135 perceptions, transportation, 136 botulinum toxins, CMS, 195 communication, education CME, 197 efforts, 198 epidemiology acetaminophen, 134 function loss, 133 NSAIDs, 134 pathological load, 132 studies, epidural steroids, 118 FBSS, 115 geriatric conditions, 131 guidelines, 132 IDET, intrathecal therapy, nerve blocks facet blocks, local anesthetics, sympathetic blocks, nerve destruction, NIH, 196 nursing home adjuvant medications, 140 analgesic medications, 140 hospice care, 141 limitation, 140 TENS, 141 treatment options, 142 vitamin D deficiency, 141 pathology, 106 pathophysiology, pharmaceutical industry, 196 policy AAMC, 199 ACGME, 199 California lawsuit, 202 DEA, 201 EMR systems, 198 JCAHO, 200

5 quality improvement assessment tool, 143 JCAHO, 142 SCS, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, vitality, 131 Pain Pentagon, 10 Pain rehabilitation cryotherapy, 48 electrotherapy, exercise, heat vs. cold, 48 kinematic therapy, manual therapy, muscle tension, 45 physical agent modalities, 47 therapeutic modalities, thermal therapy, Pain Relief Promotion Act, 153, 154 Pain threshold, 7 Paresthesia, 7 Patient controlled analgesia (PCA), 84 Pharmacodynamics analgesic effect, 60 response and magnitude, start low and go slow, 61 Pharmacokinetics absorption, 59 considerations, 60 distribution, elimination, 60 metabolism, 60 Pharmacotherapy, adjuvant analgesics carbamazepine, 99 gabapentin (neurontin), 99 lidocaine, milnacipran (savella), 98 neuropathic pain, 97 NSAIDs, phenytoin, 100 SNRIs, 98 TCAs, 97 venlafaxine (effexor), 98 comorbid states, 61 considerations, factors affecting considerations, NSAIDs, 60 pain perception, 59 nonopioid therapy adverse effects/precautions, mechanism, placement, opioids agonist antagonist opioids, 84 agonists, 84 AHCPR guidelines, AMDA, 86 analgesics, 83, 87 clinical guidelines, 85 codeine, 94 constipation, 87 embeda, 90 FDA, 89 fentanyl, hydromorphone, 91 IASP, 86 meperidine, 94 methadone, 95 morphine, 90 nausea and vomiting, 88 oral naloxone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, PCA, 84 PHN, 86 propoxyphene, REMS, respiratory depression, tapentadol, 94 TCAs, 86 tramadol, 93 WHO, 85 pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, propoxyphene-containing drugs, 58 rational polypharmacy, 58 WHO, 57 Phenytoin, 100 Phonophoresis, 49 Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), 86, Presbyopia, 24 Propoxyphene, Pulsed electrical stimulation, 50 R Recurrent pain, 9 11 Resident assessment instrument (RAI), 137 S Serotonin receptor density, Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 98 SLDs. See Super luminous diodes Society for Pain Practice Management (SPPM), 169

6 210 Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), Spiritual strategies applications, clinical goals, 40 complexity biopsychosocial model, 35 measurement domains, cultural issues Chinese medicine, 40 illness, 39 Mexican Americans, 39 monotheistic religions, native Americans, 39 therapeutic methods, dimension JCAHO, 36 serotonin receptor density, personal interpretations demographics, 37 meditation, 38 positive and religious coping, physical and spiritual pain, 37 restoration strategies, 42 SPPM. See Society for Pain Practice Management Superior hypogastric plexus block (SHPB), Super luminous diodes (SLDs), 49 Sympathetic blocks celiac plexus block, ganglion impar block, lumbar sympathetic block, stellate ganglion block, 109 T Tapentadol, 94 Tramadol, 93 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 50, 141 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 86, 93, V Venlafaxine (effexor), 98 Visual analogue scale (VAS), 138 Vitamin D deficiency, 141 W Women s Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER), 194 World Health Organization (WHO), 57