Decubitus Ulcers: Prevention and Managment

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1 Decubitus Ulcers: Prevention and Managment Joseph H. Shin MD Professor of Clinical Surgery Chief of Plastic Surgery Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine

2 Disclosure Clinical Trial Investigator: Smith and Nephew

3 Plastic Surgery: Dr Dr Extreme Makeover Miami Slice Nip/ Tuck Reality TV? Fiction?

4 Plastic Surgery Craniofacial Surgery Hand Surgery Cleft Lip and Palate Burn Surgery Trunk/Lower Extremity Surgery Trauma Reconstruction Tumours/ Reconstruction Aesthetic Surgery

5 Aesthetic Surgery Breast Augmentation:

6 Cleft Lip and Palate

7 Bilateral Cleft Lip

8 Case 1: 18 mo boy Total nasal amputation Dogbite

9 Preop:

10 Microsurgery HBO2 > Flap Failure (18mos)

11

12

13

14 Postop 9 mos (3yo)

15 Wound Healing

16 Pressure / Decubitus Ulcer a localized injury to the skin /and or underlying tissue usually as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear (NPUAP/ EPUAP Joint Statement 2007)

17 Pressure Ulcer: Sacrum

18 Pressure Ulcer 2.5 million pressure ulcers treated in US annually Cost of care: $11 Billion Dollars annually (CMMS) 1993: 281,3000 admissions for pressure ulcers 2006: 503,300 admission for pressure ulcers 79% increase (HCUP)

19 Predisposing and risk factors Age: elderly =60% of all patients with pressure ulcers Neurologic/sensory disorders Immobility Malnutrition Mental Illness/Dementia Dehydration Diabetes Incontinence

20 Pressure Ulcers

21

22

23

24 Prominence /Proximity to Bone

25 Sacrum/ Ischium

26 Prevention/ Diagnosis Pressure Mapping Wheelchair Testing

27 PRESSURE MAPPING

28 Identification of specific points of pressure

29 Prevention: Identification of Risk BRADEN SCALE WATERLOW SCALE NORTON SCALE VARIABLES: MOBILITY/MENTAL STATUS. BMI. NUTRITION. CONTINENCE

30 Prevention: Repositioning

31 Prevention: Surface

32 Prevention: Support

33 Prevention Support Surface: Cushion Mattress Bed system Low pressure Alternating Pressure

34 BED SURFACES AIR FLUIDIZED A feature of a support surface that provides pressure redistribution via a fluid-like medium created by forcing air through beads as characterized by immersion and envelopment. ALTERNATING PRESSURE A feature of a support surface that provides pressure redistribution via cyclic changes in loading and unloading as characterized by frequency, duration, amplitude, and rate of change parameters. LATERAL ROTATION A feature of a support surface that provides rotation about a longitudinal axis as characterized by degree of patient turn, duration, and frequency. Low Air Loss A feature of a support surface that provides a flow of air to assist in managing the heat and humidity (microclimate) of the skin.

35 Management

36 Management Risk Reduction Nutrition Additional Off-Loading Cleansing Padding

37 Management: Debridement Tissue Necrosis Bacterial Overload (Infection) Moisture Imbalance Impairment of Healing Edge (Undermining) (TIME)

38 Management: Debridement Sharp Surgical Debridement

39 Management: Debridement Hydrosurgery Biologic: Enzymatic Mechanical Dressing Negative Pressure Autolytic

40 Compromised Wound Healing TMP s Edema Pathogen

41 Reconstructive Surgery Negative Pressure Therapy: Vacuum

42 Mechanisms of Action

43 Bacterial Clearance Mean of Log Organisms/Gram Tissue (n=5) Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

44 Blood Flow Data

45 Reconstructive Surgery Reconstructive Ladder

46 Management : Surgery

47 Sacral Ulcer

48

49

50 Debridement/ Wound Vac

51

52

53 Sacral Ulcer

54

55 Gluteus Muscle Flap

56

57

58 Negative Pressure Dressing

59 Reconstructive Surgery 50 yr old Fireman Grafts? Flaps : Local And Regional? Free Tissue Transfer? Amputation??

60 Reconstructive Surgery

61 Reconstructive Surgery

62 Pressure Ulcer Heel Ambulating Heel Breakdown

63 Sural Island Flap Jeng SF. Wei FC. Distally based sural island flap for foot and ankle reconstruction. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 99(3):744-50, 1997 Mar

64 Reconstructive Surgery

65 Reconstructive Surgery

66 Reconstructive Surgery

67 Reconstructive Surgery: 3 yr F/U: ambulating

68 Late Sequelae: Marjolin s Ulcer: SCC

69

70 Fasciocutaneous Flap

71 Control of Spasms Diversion of Urine/ Bowel Diversion Meticulous Postoperative Control of Pressure Nursing Care Recurrence = 3-80% approximately (depending upon location)

72 New Technology Negative Pressure Wound Therapy/ Closed Incisions Pressure Sensors Sensory Nerve Transfers

73 Pressure Sensors

74 Summary Pressure Ulcers: Incidence increasing Preventable Cost : Increasing Dramatically Litigation: Failure to prevent (CMMS/Plaintiff Bar) 87% loss rate Increasing role of surgeons in management

75 Thank you!

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