Decubitus Ulcers: Prevention and Managment
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1 Decubitus Ulcers: Prevention and Managment Joseph H. Shin MD Professor of Clinical Surgery Chief of Plastic Surgery Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2 Disclosure Clinical Trial Investigator: Smith and Nephew
3 Plastic Surgery: Dr Dr Extreme Makeover Miami Slice Nip/ Tuck Reality TV? Fiction?
4 Plastic Surgery Craniofacial Surgery Hand Surgery Cleft Lip and Palate Burn Surgery Trunk/Lower Extremity Surgery Trauma Reconstruction Tumours/ Reconstruction Aesthetic Surgery
5 Aesthetic Surgery Breast Augmentation:
6 Cleft Lip and Palate
7 Bilateral Cleft Lip
8 Case 1: 18 mo boy Total nasal amputation Dogbite
9 Preop:
10 Microsurgery HBO2 > Flap Failure (18mos)
11
12
13
14 Postop 9 mos (3yo)
15 Wound Healing
16 Pressure / Decubitus Ulcer a localized injury to the skin /and or underlying tissue usually as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear (NPUAP/ EPUAP Joint Statement 2007)
17 Pressure Ulcer: Sacrum
18 Pressure Ulcer 2.5 million pressure ulcers treated in US annually Cost of care: $11 Billion Dollars annually (CMMS) 1993: 281,3000 admissions for pressure ulcers 2006: 503,300 admission for pressure ulcers 79% increase (HCUP)
19 Predisposing and risk factors Age: elderly =60% of all patients with pressure ulcers Neurologic/sensory disorders Immobility Malnutrition Mental Illness/Dementia Dehydration Diabetes Incontinence
20 Pressure Ulcers
21
22
23
24 Prominence /Proximity to Bone
25 Sacrum/ Ischium
26 Prevention/ Diagnosis Pressure Mapping Wheelchair Testing
27 PRESSURE MAPPING
28 Identification of specific points of pressure
29 Prevention: Identification of Risk BRADEN SCALE WATERLOW SCALE NORTON SCALE VARIABLES: MOBILITY/MENTAL STATUS. BMI. NUTRITION. CONTINENCE
30 Prevention: Repositioning
31 Prevention: Surface
32 Prevention: Support
33 Prevention Support Surface: Cushion Mattress Bed system Low pressure Alternating Pressure
34 BED SURFACES AIR FLUIDIZED A feature of a support surface that provides pressure redistribution via a fluid-like medium created by forcing air through beads as characterized by immersion and envelopment. ALTERNATING PRESSURE A feature of a support surface that provides pressure redistribution via cyclic changes in loading and unloading as characterized by frequency, duration, amplitude, and rate of change parameters. LATERAL ROTATION A feature of a support surface that provides rotation about a longitudinal axis as characterized by degree of patient turn, duration, and frequency. Low Air Loss A feature of a support surface that provides a flow of air to assist in managing the heat and humidity (microclimate) of the skin.
35 Management
36 Management Risk Reduction Nutrition Additional Off-Loading Cleansing Padding
37 Management: Debridement Tissue Necrosis Bacterial Overload (Infection) Moisture Imbalance Impairment of Healing Edge (Undermining) (TIME)
38 Management: Debridement Sharp Surgical Debridement
39 Management: Debridement Hydrosurgery Biologic: Enzymatic Mechanical Dressing Negative Pressure Autolytic
40 Compromised Wound Healing TMP s Edema Pathogen
41 Reconstructive Surgery Negative Pressure Therapy: Vacuum
42 Mechanisms of Action
43 Bacterial Clearance Mean of Log Organisms/Gram Tissue (n=5) Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
44 Blood Flow Data
45 Reconstructive Surgery Reconstructive Ladder
46 Management : Surgery
47 Sacral Ulcer
48
49
50 Debridement/ Wound Vac
51
52
53 Sacral Ulcer
54
55 Gluteus Muscle Flap
56
57
58 Negative Pressure Dressing
59 Reconstructive Surgery 50 yr old Fireman Grafts? Flaps : Local And Regional? Free Tissue Transfer? Amputation??
60 Reconstructive Surgery
61 Reconstructive Surgery
62 Pressure Ulcer Heel Ambulating Heel Breakdown
63 Sural Island Flap Jeng SF. Wei FC. Distally based sural island flap for foot and ankle reconstruction. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 99(3):744-50, 1997 Mar
64 Reconstructive Surgery
65 Reconstructive Surgery
66 Reconstructive Surgery
67 Reconstructive Surgery: 3 yr F/U: ambulating
68 Late Sequelae: Marjolin s Ulcer: SCC
69
70 Fasciocutaneous Flap
71 Control of Spasms Diversion of Urine/ Bowel Diversion Meticulous Postoperative Control of Pressure Nursing Care Recurrence = 3-80% approximately (depending upon location)
72 New Technology Negative Pressure Wound Therapy/ Closed Incisions Pressure Sensors Sensory Nerve Transfers
73 Pressure Sensors
74 Summary Pressure Ulcers: Incidence increasing Preventable Cost : Increasing Dramatically Litigation: Failure to prevent (CMMS/Plaintiff Bar) 87% loss rate Increasing role of surgeons in management
75 Thank you!
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