MORE THAN JUST FOOTBATHS: PRACTICAL EQUINE BIOSECURITY

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Kristopher Lawrence
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1 MORE THAN JUST FOOTBATHS: PRACTICAL EQUINE BIOSECURITY Roberta M. Dwyer, DVM, MS, DACVPM Professor Department of Animal and Food Sciences 804 W.P. Garrigus Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY RM Dwyer

2 Biosecurity Steps taken to minimize the introduction of pathogens (bio-exclusion) Steps taken to contain spread within the farm/area (bio-management) Steps taken to minimize spread off of the property (bio-containment)

3 Consider Is there such a thing as a closed herd? Common fence lines Human and horse traffic Wildlife Vectors Water flow Winds

4 Client emphasis Biosecurity measures will help reduce the risk and mitigate losses from infectious disease outbreaks. No vaccine, no disinfectant, no biosecurity protocol is 100% effective in the real world of horses, barns, pastures, and Mother Nature!

6 Ebola virus First cases in August 2014 arrived in Atlanta Infectious dose = 10 particles Shed in bodily fluids Enters human body through every opening and mucous membrane ~65% mortality No vaccine

7 Ebola virus control Personal protective equipment (PPE) Contain and disinfect wastes Cleaning and disinfection Traffic control Containment strategies for clinical treatment of Ebola, Sept 2014.

8 Equine biosecurity during outbreaks Personal protective equipment (PPE) Contain and disinfect Cleaning and disinfection Traffic control

11 Causes of Equine Disease Outbreaks Rotavirus Salmonella Influenza Virus Equine Herpesvirus Equine Arteritis Virus Streptococcus Leptospira Trichophyton

12 The reality No vaccine is 100% effective We don t have vaccines against all pathogens of concern We cannot control wildlife, birds, rodents, insects, weather and stress We cannot sterilize barns or horses

13 Barns are effective petri dishes. -- anonymous Kentucky farm manager

14 The reality We CAN develop preventive medicine program: vaccination, deworming, nutrition. We CAN reduce stress due to overcrowding and random co-mingling of animals. We CAN detect disease early with owner communication and education.

15 QUIZ: What does this mean? Answer: later in the presentation!

16 Reality We CAN implement a biosecurity program! Cleaning Disinfection Personal hygiene Traffic control Quarantine incoming animals Isolation of sick animals

17 Potential Sources of Contamination on Horse Farms racing showing pleasure horse use breeding shed Barn A farm employees nightwatch personnel veterinarians farriers horse horse international inter/intra state shipment of horses human Barn B horses hospital

18 Pregnant mares Mares Foals Resident mares Barren mares Isolation Sick barn Show horses Lay-over horses Transient horses Yearlings Horses in resident training

19 Outbreak Prevention Resident horses Q U A R A N T I N E Newcomers Horses returning from veterinary clinic stay Transient horses

20 Cleaning Remove all organic matter Feces, urine, blood, discharges Clean with detergent SCRUB, top to bottom; back to front Rinse Don t forget buckets, hay nets, equipment

21 No one disinfectant is active against all pathogens and safe to use around horses. Cleaning alone may remove >90% of bacteria from surfaces. Forthingham. (1995) Rev. Sci. Tech.

22 If nothing else, CLEAN!

23 Resistance to Disinfectants most resistant Prions Bacterial Endospores Clostridium Mycobacteria Cysts of Protozoa Vegetative Protozoa Gram-Negative Bacteria Salmonella, E. coli Fungi, including Most Fungal Spores Trichophyton Viruses without Envelopes Rotavirus Gram-Positive Bacteria Streptococcus Viruses with Lipid Envelopes Herpesvirus, Influenza, EAV least resistant

24 Disinfectants A clean surface is critical! Bleach is rapidly inactivated in the presence of organic matter. Peroxygen compounds Phenolics Quaternary ammonium cpds NEVER MIX DISINFECTANTS!

27 host environment organism

28 Potential Sources of Contamination on Horse Farms racing showing pleasure horse use breeding shed Barn A farm employees nightwatch personnel veterinarians farriers horse horse international inter/intra state shipment of horses human Barn B horses hospital

29 Prevent problems! Protective clothing Gown/coveralls Disposable booties Disposable gloves Handwashing or alcohol hand sanitizer

30 Footbaths Footbaths and foot mats Amount of organic matter on shoes Choice of disinfectant Frequency of changing disinfectant solution Will people use them?

33 Isolation Layers D D D

34 3 2 1

35 Reality We CAN implement a biosecurity program! Cleaning and disinfection Personal hygiene Traffic control Quarantine of incoming animals Isolation of sick animals Educate employees

36 QUIZ: What does this mean?

39 Common questions How do I disinfect packed clay floors? I have horses recovering from salmonellosis in a paddock/pasture. How do I disinfect that area? What about power washers or steam cleaners? What should I do with bedding/manure?

40 Additional concerns Mice as petri dishes Barn cats, barn dogs, other mascots Tack rooms Offices Storage areas

Proceedings of the Society for Theriogenology Annual Conference 2014

www.ivis.org Proceedings of the Society for Theriogenology Annual Conference 2014 Aug. 6-9, 2014 Portland, OR, USA Next SFT Meeting: Aug. 5-8, 2015 San Antonio, TX, USA Reprinted in the IVIS website with