Emergence and Changes in swine and avian influenza viruses of Pandemic Potential
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1 Emergence and Changes in swine and avian influenza viruses of Pandemic Potential Fourth Annual SARInet Meeting May 23-26, 2017 Punta Cana, Dominican Republic Stephen Lindstrom, Ph.D. Diagnostics Development Team Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Influenza Division
2 Overview Situation update for avian influenza HPAI H5 and H7N9 Situation update for variant influenza swine origin H3v & H1v Other viruses of animal viruses of pandemic potential
3 H1 Influenza Viruses in Humans Type A H2 H3 H1 Avian H5 Avian H6 Avian H7 Avian H9 Avian H10 H3v H1v 1998/ B/Yam Potential Pandemic strains Seasonal Strains Type B B/Vic
4 Situation update for avian influenza HPAI H5 and H7N9 H5N1/H5Nx, H7N9 Poultry
5
6 Recent A(H5) activity* Clade viruses were detected in poultry in Egypt. Clade a viruses were detected in birds in Bangladesh, Bhutan and India. Clade c viruses were detected in birds in China, Côte d Ivoire, Ghana, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Niger, Nigeria, Togo and Viet Nam. Clade viruses were detected in birds in many countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the United States of America (USA), and in 2 humans in China. *27 Septemeber 2016 ~ 27Feb 2017 WHO WER No12, 24 Mar 2017
7 H5N8 HPAI outbreaks officially reported in Asia, Europe and Africa since 1 January
8 Phylogenetic relationships of A(H5) clade virus HA gene WHO WER No12, 24 Mar 2017
9 Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO,
10 H7N9 human cases and positive findings in birds or the environment
11 Incidence of officially reported human cases of H7N9 N=320 N > 650 N=135 N=224 N=119 as of May 17, 2017 (FAO) 5 th Wave Cases >650 Official HPAI Cases 22
12 Number of Human Infections Cumulative Number of Human Infections of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) by Season cases/577 fatalities* 1200 A(H5N1) A(H7N9) cases/453 fatalities* / / / / / / / / / / / / / /17 Year (Season) * As of May, 2017
13 Phylogenetic relationships of the HA gene A(H7N9) viruses WHO WER No12, 24 Mar 2017
14 CDC Influenza Virus Real-time RT-PCR Reagent Kits Influenza A/B Typing Panel (InfA, Inf B, RP) Influenza A Subtyping Panel (InfA, H1, H3, pdminfa, pdmh1) Influenza B genotyping Panel (InfB, Yam, Vic, RP) Influenza A H5 (Asian lineage) Subtyping Panel (VER3) (InfA, H5a, H5b, RP) Influenza A EuH7 Assay (EuH7)
15 Other Animal Viruses with Potential Pandemic Swine Avian Feline (avian) H3N2v (2 genotypes) H1v (4 genotypes) H9N2 N. Am. H7 (HPAI & LPAI) N. Am. Avian H7N2 (LPAI)
16 Human cases of variant Influenza infection in the United States H3N2v, H1N1v, H1N2v Pigs
17 Infections with Variant Influenza Viruses by State since December H3N2v H1N1v H1N2v Total Detected Total cases Total states
18 Evolutionary Relationships Among Influenza A (H3) HA Genes Multiple genotypes of H3 in US swine: Late-1990s introduction of human H3 Early 2010s introduction of human H3 S Lindstrom, et al. Emerg. Infect. Dis May
19 H3N2v Results Interpretation InfA H3 pdm InfA pdmh1 RP Result Interpretation ± Influenza A detected; Presumptive positive for Influenza A(H3N2) variant virus
20 Human cases of infection with SOIV Total cases/fatalities Reported Number of Countries H3N2v* 380/2 5 H1N1v 40/1 8 H1N2v 10/0 2 Total 5 7 * One case reported from USA in 2017
21 Evolutionary Relationships Among Influenza A (H1v) HA Genes Multiple genotypes of H1 in US swine: Classical swine H1 Pre-2009 human H1 (H1)pdm2009 Eurasian avian H1 WHO WER No12, 24 Mar 2017
22 Human cases of infection with other avian subtypes Subtype Total cases/fatalities Reported Number of Countries H6N1 1/0 1 N. Am. H7 (H7N2**, H7N3) 7/0 3 Eur. H7 (H7N7, H7N3) 97/1 3 H9N2* 37/1 4 H10N7 4/0 2 H10N8 3/2 1 *reported from China in 2017 **feline H7N2 in US in December, 2016
23 Canine Influenza A/H3N8 and A/H3N2 viruses in the U.S. H3N2 Asian Avian origin H3N8 Equine origin Dogs
24 Reactivity of CDC Real-time RT-PCR Panel with Canine H3N2/H3N8 InfA H1 H3 pdm InfA pdmh1 B RP Result Unsubtypable Potential novel influenza
25 Thank You
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