Communicable Diseases and Human Security
|
|
- Cora McDaniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Communicable Diseases and Human Security Kelechi Ohiri MD MPH MS Health, Nutrition, Population Human Development Network World Bank
2 Outline of Presentation Part 1 Overview of Communicable Diseases (CDs) Introduction and Definition Importance of CDs Selected CDs of Public Health Concern Part 2- Mounting a Global Response Approaches to intervention Key elements of a global response World Bank s role and involvement
3 Human Security in a globalized world The changing role of policy makers in an increasingly globalized world Shared space = Shared Destiny Local actions have global consequences Global interventions can achieve positive local impact As long as human interactions exist, Communicable diseases will remain an issue.
4 Communicable Diseases: Definition Defined as any condition which is transmitted directly or indirectly to a person from an infected person or animal through the agency of an intermediate animal, host, or vector, or through the inanimate environment. Transmission is facilitated by the following (IOM) more frequent human contact due to Increase in the volume and means of transportation (affordable international air travel), globalization (increased trade and contact) Microbial adaptation and change Breakdown of public health capacity at various levels Change in human demographics and behavior Economic development and land use patterns
5 CD- Modes of transmission Direct Indirect Blood-borne or sexual HIV, Hepatitis B,C Inhalation Tuberculosis, influenza, anthrax Food-borne E.coli, Salmonella, Contaminated water- Cholera, rotavirus, Hepatitis A Vector-borne- malaria, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis Formites Zoonotic diseases animal handling and feeding practices (Mad cow disease, Avian Influenza)
6 Importance of Communicable Diseases Significant burden of disease especially in low and middle income countries Social impact Economic impact Potential for rapid spread Human security concerns Intentional use
7 Communicable Diseases account for a significant global disease burden In 2005, CDs accounted for about 30% of the global BoD and 60% of the BoD in Africa. CDs typically affect LIC and MICs disproportionately. Account for 40% of the disease burden in low and middle income countries Most communicable diseases are preventable or treatable.
8 Communicable Disease Burden Varies Widely Among Continents
9 Communicable disease burden in Europe
10 Causes of Death Vary Greatly by Country Income Level Age distribution of death in Sierra Leone around 2005 Male Female Age distribution of death in Denmark around 2005 Male Female A g e g r o u p Percent of total of deaths A g e g r o u p Percent of total deaths
11 CDs have a significant social impact Disruption of family and social networks Child-headed households, social exclusion Widespread stigma and discrimination TB, HIV/AIDS, Leprosy Discrimination in employment, schools, migration policies Orphans and vulnerable children Loss of primary care givers Susceptibility to exploitation and trafficking Interventions such as quarantine measures may aggravate the social disruption
12 CDs have a significant economic impact in affected countries At the macro level Reduction in revenue for the country (e.g. tourism) Estimated cost of SARS epidemic to Asian countries: $20 billion (2003) or $2 million per case. Drop in international travel to affected countries by 50-70% Malaria causes an average loss of 1.3% annual GDP in countries with intense transmission The plague outbreak in India cost the economy over $1 billion from travel restrictions and embargoes At the household level Poorer households are disproportionately affected Substantial loss in productivity and income for the infirmed and caregiver Catastrophic costs of treating illness
13 International boundaries are disappearing Borders are not very effective at stopping communicable diseases. With increasing globalization interdependence of countries more trade and human/animal interactions The rise in international traffic and commerce makes challenges even more daunting Other global issues affect or are affected by communicable diseases. climate change migration Change in biodiversity
14 Human Security concerns Potential magnitude and rapid spread of outbreaks/pandemics. e.g. SARS outbreak No country or region can contain a full blown outbreak of Avian influenza Bioterrorism and intentional outbreaks Anthrax, Small pox New and re-emerging diseases Ebola, TB (MDR-TB and XDR-TB), HPAI, Rift valley fever.
15 Select Communicable Diseases
16 Tuberculosis 2 billion people infected with microbes that cause TB. Not everyone develops active disease A person is infected every second globally 22 countries account for 80% of TB cases. >50% cases in Asia, 28% in Africa (which also has the highest per capita prevalence) In 2005, there were 8.8 million new TB cases; 1.6 million deaths from TB (about 4400 a day) Highly stigmatizing disease
17 Tuberculosis and HIV A third of those living with HIV are co-infected with TB About 200,000 people with HIV die annually from TB. Most common opportunistic infection in Africa 70% of TB patients are co-infected with HIV in some countries in Africa Impact of HIV on TB TB is harder to diagnose in HIV-positive people. TB progresses faster in HIV-infected people. TB in HIV-positive people is almost certain to be fatal if undiagnosed or left untreated. TB occurs earlier in the course of HIV infection than many other opportunistic infections.
18 Global Prevalence of TB cases (WHO)
19 Tuberculosis
20
21 Tuberculosis Control Challenges for tuberculosis control MDR-TB - In most countries. About new cases annually. XDR-TB cases confirmed in South Africa. Weak health systems TB and HIV The Global Plan to Stop TB an investment of US$ 56 billion, a three-fold increase from The estimated funding gap is US$ 31 billion. Six step strategy: Expanding DOTS treatment; Health Systems Strengthening; Engaging all care providers; Empowering patients and communities; Addressing MDR TB, Supporting research
22 Malaria Every year, 500 million people become severely ill with malaria causes 30% of Low birth weight in newborns Globally. >1 million people die of malaria every year. One child dies from it every 30 seconds 40% of the world s population is at risk of malaria. Most cases and deaths occur in SSA. Malaria is the 9 th leading cause of death in LICs and MICs 11% of childhood deaths worldwide attributable to malaria SSA children account for 82% of malaria deaths worldwide
23 Annual Reported Malaria Cases by Country (WHO 2003)
24 Global malaria prevalence
25 Malaria Control Malaria control Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to cure patients and reduce parasite reservoir Vector control: Indoor residual spraying Long lasting Insecticide treated bed nets Intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women Challenges in malaria control Widespread resistance to conventional anti-malaria drugs Malaria and HIV Health Systems Constraints Access to services Coverage of prevention interventions
26 HIV/AIDS In 2005, 38.6 million people worldwide were living with HIV, of which 24.7 million (twothirds) lived in SSA 4.1 million people worldwide became newly infected 2.8 million people lost their lives to AIDS New infections occur predominantly among the age group. Previously unknown about 25 years ago. Has affected over 60 million people so far.
27 HIV Co-infections Impact of TB on HIV TB considerably shortens the survival of people with HIV/AIDS. TB kills up to half of all AIDS patients worldwide. TB bacteria accelerate the progress of AIDS infection in the patient HIV and Malaria Diseases of poverty HIV infected adults are at risk of developing severe malaria Acute malaria episodes temporarily increase HIV viral load Adults with low CD4 count more susceptible to treatment failure
28 Global HIV Burden
29 HIV/AIDS Interventions depend on Epidemiology mode of transmission, age group Stage of epidemic concentrated vs. generalized Elements of an effective intervention Strong political support and enabling environment. Linking prevention to care and access to care and treatment Integrate it into poverty reduction and address gender inequality Effective monitoring and evaluation Strengthening the health system and Multisectoral approaches Challenges in prevention and scaling up treatment globally include Constraints to access to care and treatment Stigma and discrimination Inadequate prevention measures. Co-infections (TB, Malaria)
30 Avian Influenza Seasonal influenza causes severe illness in 3-5 million people and deaths yearly 1 st H5N1 avian influenza case in Hong Kong in By October human cases, 202 deaths.
31 Avian Influenza Control depends on the phase of the epidemic Pre-Pandemic Phase Reduce opportunity for human infection Strengthen early warning system Emergence of Pandemic virus Contain and/or delay the spread at source Pandemic Declared Reduce mortality, morbidity and social disruption Conduct research to guide response measures Antiviral medications Oseltamivir, Amantadine Vaccine still experimental under development. Can only be produced in significant quantity after an outbreak
32 Confirmed human cases of HPAI
33 Migratory pathway for birds and Avian influenza
34 Neglected diseases Cause over 500,000 deaths and 57 million DALYs annually. Include the following Helminthic infections Hookworm (Ascaris, trichuris), lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis Protozoan infections Leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease Bacterial infections Leprosy, trachoma, buruli ulcer
35 Communicable Disease and Human Security Part 2 - Mounting an Effective Global Response
36 Approaches to Interventions Personal Responsibility and action Utilitarian Approaches Greatest good for the greatest number Including non Health Systems Interventions. Regulations and Laws Partnerships and Collaboration Enlightened Self Interest
37 Personal Responsibility and action Improved hygiene and sanitation Hand washing, proper waste disposal, food preparation and handling. Information, education and behavior change Changing harmful household practices Livestock handling, knowledge about contagion Cultural and social norms Self reporting of illnesses and compliance with interventions and treatment.
38 Utilitarian Approaches Greatest good for the greatest number Reliance on personal responsibility not always the optimal option given different knowledge levels and values. Public good nature of the interventions Social Isolation and Quarantine measures Home treatment; Isolation Mass vaccination programs and campaigns Polio, small pox, DPT, Hepatitis, Yellow fever Mass treatment programs Onchocerciasis, de-worming programs. For some CDs, intervention in other sectors is required Environmental health elimination of breeding sites, spraying Agricultural practices such as poultry handling and exposure to soil pathogens during farming.
39 Regulations and Laws National response remains the bedrock of intervention National laws and capacities vary. International Regulations and laws introduced 1851 International Sanitary regulations in Europe following cholera outbreak international sanitary regulation by WHO Replaced by the International Health regulation Minor changes in 1973 and 1981 cholera, plague, yellow fever, smallpox, relapsing fever and typhus 2005 Revised International Health Regulation Challenge of enforceability of international agreements.
40 Regulation and laws WHO 2005 International health regulation IHR (2005) is a legally binding agreement among member states of WHO to cooperate on a set of defined areas of public health importance. Arrived at by consensus of all member countries of WHO, with clear arbitration mechanisms Its elements include Notification: National IHR Focal Points and WHO IHR Contact Points Requirements for national core capacities Recommended measures External advice regarding the IHR (2005)
41 Partnerships and Collaboration Collaboration vs. coercion Importance of partnerships MDG 8: Develop global partnerships for development Comparative advantage of partners Inclusiveness Examples of partnerships Over 70 Global health partnerships available Examples include the Stop-TB program, GFATM, RBM, UNAIDS, GAVI, Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, GAIN, bilateral and multilateral organizations.
42 Isn t Donor Collaboration Wonderful? CIDA GTZ UNAIDS WHO 3/5 INT NGO Norad RNE USAID CF PEPFAR Sida T-MAP DAC UNICEF WB UNTG GFCCP PRSP MOF PMO GFATM HSSP MOH SWAP MOEC CCM NCTP NACP CCAIDS CTU LOCALGVT CIVIL SOCIETY PRIVATE SECTOR Source: WHO: Mbewe
43 A paradigm shift - Enlightened Self interest Communicable diseases have no borders. Predominantly affect the poor, and poor countries Also affect richer households and countries. Interventions are non-rival, non-exclusive and have positive externalities. Elimination and control of certain communicable diseases increases global health security. Limited financial incentives for the market to drive needed innovation in research and drug development Mismatch between global health need and health spending Global health security is therefore inextricably tied to the effective control of CDs in developing world.
44 Global Mismatch Between Disease Burden and Health Spending Burden of disease in disability adjusted life years by income category 34.4% 55.9% 9.7% % DALYs in LIC % DALYs in MIC % DALYs in HIC
45 Global Mismatch Between Disease Burden and Health Spending Distribution of Total Global Expenditures on Health by Income Category 2% 10% 88% Low income Middle income High income
46 Future Population Growth Will be in LICs and MICs 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 D eveloping countries 3,000 D eveloped countries 2,000 1, Y e a r T o ta l p o p u la tio n (m illio n s)
47 Key principles of an Effective Global Response Respect for the value of each life Behind every statistic is an individual Understanding of the social context that govern individual decision making Disease Surveillance and reporting Management and containment of outbreaks Strong legal and regulatory framework Sustained and predictable financing Building national health systems
48 World Bank s involvement Relevance to our mandate CDs disproportionately affect the poor and LICs and MICs Enormous economic consequences Major constraint to achieving the MDGs Major source of financing for poor countries This position is rapidly changing with the entrance of newer players in DAH such as Gates foundation, Bilaterals, multilaterals. Call for innovative financing schemes
49 World Bank $430 million committed to malaria booster projects in Africa By 2008, 21 million bed nets and 42 million ACT doses would have been distributed. As of June 2007, the World Bank had approved financing of $377 million for 40 projects in 45 countries in all six geographic regions to combat Avian influenza Cumulative WB commitment to HIV/AIDS is over $2.5 billion
50 Sources of Development Assistance for Health 12,000 U S $ (in m illio n s ) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 Private Non-profit Other Multilateral Development Banks UN System Bilateral 0 Average Year Source: Michaud 2006
51 The World Bank s new HNP strategy Five broad strategic directions of the World bank Focus on HNP Results Strengthening health systems Ensuring synergies between Health Systems strengthening and priority disease interventions Intersectoral approach to HNP results Increase strategic and selective engagement with development partners.
52 Thank You.
Global overview of Communicable Diseases
Faculty of Medicine الصحة العامة (31505291) Health Public Lecture 13 Global overview of Communicable Diseases By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD 9-7-2017 1 1. The global health impact of mental health and
More informationGlobal overview of Communicable Diseases
Faculty of Medicine الصحة العامة (31505291) Health Public Lecture 14 Global overview of Communicable Diseases By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD 24-7-2018 1 1. The global health impact of mental health and
More informationEmerging Infectious Disease Threats. Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine
Emerging Infectious Disease Threats Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine Plagues and History Leading causes of global deaths from infectious diseases Infectious
More informationGLOBAL HEALTH SPESIALISERING IN. Austen Davis
GLOBAL HEALTH SPESIALISERING IN SAMFUNNSMEDISIN 16.02.2016 Austen Davis SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS THE POST 2015 AGENDA Where do we come from? 14 th C quarantine Tropical Health International Health
More informationWHO: Forum Issue #02 Student Officer Position:
WHO: Topic B Forum : World Health Organization Issue #02 : Topic B: Preparing for a Global Health Crisis Student Officer : Samantha Portillo Position: Chair of the United Nations World Health Organization
More informationEMERGING DISEASES IN INDONESIA: CONTROL AND CHALLENGES
Tropical Medicine and Health Vol. 34 No. 4, 2006, pp. 141-147 Copyright 2006 by The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine EMERGING DISEASES IN INDONESIA: CONTROL AND CHALLENGES I NYOMAN KANDUN Recieved
More informationustainable Development Goals
26 April 2018 ustainable Development Goals Peter Okoth enya Pediatric Association Conference 3-27 April 2018 ombasa, Kenya UNICEF/UNI197921/Schermbrucker MDG Global Achievements: The Benefits of Global
More informationAPEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006
APEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006 APEC Action Plan on the Prevention and Response to Avian and Influenza Pandemics 1. Many APEC economies have been
More informationTB 2015 burden, challenges, response. Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director
TB 2015 burden, challenges, response Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 11-13 November 2015 Overview TB basics TB burden & challenges Response: End TB Strategy DAY 1 What is TB? Definition
More informationBackground. Proposed to develop a framework for action. Address by Foreign Minister Koumura
July 2008 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Background Address by Foreign Minister Koumura Global Health and Japan s Foreign Policy From Okinawa to Toyako (25 November 2007) Special Address by Prime
More informationToyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group -
Toyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group - 8 July 2008 This report is the recommendation from the G8 Health Experts Group to the G8 leaders. I Introduction 1.
More informationThe Global Fund & UNICEF Partnership
The Global Fund & UNICEF Partnership Prof Michel D. Kazatchkine Executive Director UNICEF Executive Board February 9 th, 2011 The Global Fund Millennium Development Goals 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
More informationKey Messages for World Malaria Day 2009
INFORMATION RBM/WG/2009/INF.12 10 APR 2009 Draft document General distribution English Only Key Messages for World Malaria Day 2009 Counting Malaria Out to Reaching the 2010 Targets On the occasion of
More informationPreventing disease Promoting and protecting health
Preventing disease Promoting and protecting health CONTENTS Context Global Health Security what is it? Health security the perfect storm Regional Health Security what is it? Caribbean Regional Health Security:
More informationRUSSIA Mobilizing support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
RUSSIA 3.1 HEALTH FINANCING AND STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS 3.1.1 We will continue our efforts towards the goal of providing at least a projected US$ 60 billion to fight infectious diseases and improve
More informationWorld Health Organization. A Sustainable Health Sector
World Health Organization A Sustainable Health Sector Response to HIV Global Health Sector Strategy for HIV/AIDS 2011-2015 (DRAFT OUTLINE FOR CONSULTATION) Version 2.1 15 July 2010 15 July 2010 1 GLOBAL
More informationBangladesh Resource Mobilization and Sustainability in the HNP Sector
Bangladesh Resource Mobilization and Sustainability in the HNP Sector Presented by Dr. Khandakar Mosharraf Hossain Minister for Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
More informationTHE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR WOMEN S, CHILDREN S AND ADOLESCENTS HEALTH ( )
THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR WOMEN S, CHILDREN S AND ADOLESCENTS HEALTH (2016-2030) SURVIVE THRIVE TRANSFORM AT A GLANCE SURVIVE THRIVE TRANSFORM The Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents
More informationAOHS Global Health. Unit 1, Lesson 3. Communicable Disease
AOHS Global Health Unit 1, Lesson 3 Communicable Disease Copyright 2012 2016 NAF. All rights reserved. A communicable disease is passed from one infected person to another The range of communicable diseases
More informationFAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF. Background Paper
FAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF Background Paper 3.4 d Ensuring intergovernmental support to national and other stakeholders for integrated action to tackle HPAI and
More informationThe Sustainable Development Goals: The implications for health post Ties Boerma, Director of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva
The Sustainable Development Goals: The implications for health post-2015 Ties Boerma, Director of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva Outline SDGs: general process and features 2030 Agenda:
More informationOkinawa, Toyako, and Beyond: Progress on Health and Development
Okinawa, Toyako, and Beyond: Progress on Health and Development Prof. Michel D. Kazatchkine Executive Director The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria United Nations University, Tokyo,
More informationTUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS: A STRATEGY FOR THE CONTROL OF A DUAL EPIDEMIC IN THE WHO AFRICAN REGION. Report of the Regional Director.
30 August 2007 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Fifty-seventh session Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, 27 31 August Provisional agenda item 7.8 TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS: A STRATEGY FOR THE
More informationMedia centre Global infectious disease surveillance
Media centre Global infectious disease surveillance Fact sheet N 200 Increased movements of people, expansion of international trade in foodstuffs and medicinal biological products, social and environmental
More informationSECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): HEALTH
Greater Mekong Subregion Health Security Project RRP REG-48118-002 SECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): HEALTH A. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. The governments of Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Myanmar,
More informationDEVELOPMENT. The European Union confronts HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. A comprehensive strategy for the new millennium EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DEVELOPMENT The European Union confronts HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis A comprehensive strategy for the new millennium EUROPEAN COMMISSION DE 121 FEB 2004 A global challenge Every minute, 11 people
More informationWhy do we need SD goals on climate change, environment and health
Why do we need SD goals on climate change, environment and health Roberto Bertollini, M.D, MPH Chief Scientist and WHO Representative to the EU World Health Organization Joint DEVE-ENVI public hearing
More informationAccelerating progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals
Accelerating progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals The critical role of the national health policy & strategy in strengthening health systems and delivering effective interventions
More informationThe World Bank Global HIV/AIDS Program of Action. Briefing Note/Summary
The World Bank Global HIV/AIDS Program of Action Briefing Note/Summary December 2005 1 This note introduces the World Bank s Global HIV/AIDS Program of Action, summarizes some of the thinking behind it,
More informationUNIÃO AFRICANA ABUJA CALL FOR ACCELERATED ACTION TOWARDS UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO HIV AND AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS AND MALARIA SERVICES IN AFRICA
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA ABUJA CALL FOR ACCELERATED ACTION TOWARDS UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO HIV AND AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS AND MALARIA SERVICES IN AFRICA AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO
More information11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals
11 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals The Post -2015 Development Agenda began upon completion of the monitoring
More informationENHANCING AFRICA S PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE THROUGH INNOVATION AND PARTNERSHIPS
ENHANCING AFRICA S PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE THROUGH INNOVATION AND PARTNERSHIPS Strategic plan for the Africa CDC March 24-25, 2017 The Ebola outbreak underscored the fact that 2 pandemics are not just a
More informationResolution adopted by the General Assembly. [without reference to a Main Committee (A/62/L.39 and Add.1)]
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 7 March 2008 Sixty-second session Agenda item 47 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/62/L.39 and Add.1)]
More informationAnnex A: Impact, Outcome and Coverage Indicators (including Glossary of Terms)
IMPACT INDICATORS (INDICATORS PER GOAL) HIV/AIDS TUBERCULOSIS MALARIA Reduced HIV prevalence among sexually active population Reduced HIV prevalence in specific groups (sex workers, clients of sex workers,
More informationGood Health & Well-Being. By Alexandra Russo
Good Health & Well-Being By Alexandra Russo SDG 3 Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy living and promote well-being for all at all ages There are 9 targets associated with SDG 3 The targets encompass a wide
More informationWhy should AIDS be part of the Africa Development Agenda?
Why should AIDS be part of the Africa Development Agenda? BACKGROUND The HIV burden in Africa remains unacceptably high: While there is 19% reduction in new infections in Sub-Saharan Africa, new infections
More informationCenter for Global Health. CDC Global Health Saving Lives Overseas, Protecting Americans at Home
Center for Global Health CDC Global Health Saving Lives Overseas, Protecting Americans at Home CDC Overview Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC is the nation s leading public
More informationYellow fever. Key facts
From: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever WHO/E. Soteras Jalil Yellow fever 14 March 2018 Key facts Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected
More informationInternational political economy of health (part II)
International political economy of health (part II) The growing role of the World Bank The rise of WTO... UNAIDS enter the scene... GAVI enter the scene... Recharging WHO The Commission for Macroeconomics
More informationGlobal Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza. 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme
Global Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme Summary of Current H5N1 Situation 1997 First known outbreak infecting humans 18 people hospitalized
More informationPart I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals
11 1111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 213 Part I Health-related
More informationConfronting infectious diseases and the role of vaccination: A global perspective KATE ANTEYI. MD, MPH, MBA
Confronting infectious diseases and the role of vaccination: A global perspective KATE ANTEYI. MD, MPH, MBA Technical Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Chair, WONCA Working
More informationWORLD BANK RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA A(H1N1) Rakesh Nangia Director, Strategy & Operations Human Development Network
WORLD BANK RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA A(H1N1) Rakesh Nangia Director, Strategy & Operations Human Development Network Tokyo, July 2009 World Bank Response to A(H1N1) Influenza A(H1N1) Global Health and Risks
More informationOUTCOME AND IMPACT LEVEL INTERVENTION LOGIC & INDICATORS HEALTH SECTOR WORKING PAPER: DRAFT - OCTOBER 2009
EC EXTERNAL SERVICES EVALUATION UNIT OUTCOME AND IMPACT LEVEL INTERVENTION LOGIC & INDICATORS HEALTH SECTOR WORKING PAPER: DRAFT - OCTOBER 2009 This working paper outlines a set of indicators at the outcome
More informationWHO Global Health Sector Strategies HIV; Viral Hepatitis; Sexually Transmitted Infections
Common structure Universal Health Coverage SDGs Cascade of services Vision, Goals and Targets Costed Actions WHO Global Health Sector Strategies 2016-2021 HIV; Viral Hepatitis; Sexually Transmitted Infections
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 11. Epidemiology and Public Health Chapter 11 Outline Epidemiology Interactions Among Pathogens, Hosts and the Environment Chain of Infection Reservoirs
More informationThe Strategy Development Process. Global Fund and STOP TB Consultation Istanbul, Turkey 24 July 2015
The Strategy Development Process Global Fund and STOP TB Consultation Istanbul, Turkey 24 July 2015 Structure of the current 2012-16 Global Fund Strategy The 2012-16 Global Fund Strategy.. States a forward
More informationPROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB4078 Project Name
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB4078 Project Name HIV/AIDS Project Region AFRICA Sector Health (60%); Other social services (23%); General public administration sector (10%);Central
More informationAntimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N 194 Updated April 2014
Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N 194 Updated April 2014 Key facts Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by
More information~Health and Development Initiative~
~Health and Development Initiative~ Global Issues Division International Cooperation Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan March 2007 More than 10 million children
More informationFinancing Global Health 2012
Financing Global Health 2012 End of the Golden Age? February 6 th, 2013 Outline Global Health Context Three Phases of DAH Who Provides DAH? Where Does DAH Go? Government Spending Future Directions 2 Global
More informationHuman Health Using nuclear techniques to improve health around the world
Human Health Using nuclear techniques to improve health around the world With its wide range of activities and expertise in nuclear science and medicine, the IAEA is helping Member States use nuclear techniques
More informationThe Neglected Tropical Diseases of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
The Neglected Tropical Diseases of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone Peter Hotez MD PhD @PeterHotez The Millennium Development Goals 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education.
More informationVersion for the Silent Procedure 29 April Agenda item January Hepatitis
Version for the Silent Procedure 29 April 2014 134th session EB134.R18 Agenda item 10.5 25 January 2014 Hepatitis The Executive Board, Having considered the report on hepatitis, 1 RECOMMENDS to the Sixty-seventh
More informationGlobal health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections ( )
Regional Committee for Europe 65th session EUR/RC65/Inf.Doc./3 Vilnius, Lithuania, 14 17 September 2015 2 September 2015 150680 Provisional agenda item 3 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Global health sector strategies
More informationThe WHO END-TB Strategy
ENDING TB and MDR-TB The WHO END-TB Strategy Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director Joint GDI/GLI Partners Forum WHO Geneva, 27 April 2015 This talk will deal with TB Burden Progress, Challenges Way Forward Who
More informationQuestions and Answers Press conference - Press Centre Room 3 Wednesday 16 August 2006, 14.00hrs
Questions and Answers Press conference - Press Centre Room 3 Wednesday 16 August 2006, 14.00hrs What causes TB? TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it can cause disease in
More informationOPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK. for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health
OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health Every Woman Every Child 2016 OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents
More informationMODULE SIX. Global TB Institutions and Policy Framework. Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit
MODULE SIX Global TB Institutions and Policy Framework Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit 1 Topics to be Covered Global TB policy and coordinating structures The Stop TB Strategy TB/HIV collaborative
More informationHealth Task Force Workplan
2006/SOM 3/HTF/021 Agenda Item: VI Health Task Force Workplan 2006-2007 Purpose: Information Submitted by: Chair Health Task Force Meeting Da Nang, Viet Nam 14 15 September 2006 APEC HEALTH TASK FORCE
More informationChildren and AIDS Fourth Stocktaking Report 2009
Children and AIDS Fourth Stocktaking Report 2009 The The Fourth Fourth Stocktaking Stocktaking Report, Report, produced produced by by UNICEF, UNICEF, in in partnership partnership with with UNAIDS, UNAIDS,
More informationDeveloping a Rights-Based Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in India
University of Chicago Center in Delhi Developing a Rights-Based Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in India Organizers United States: Evan Lyon, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department
More information5 th Islamic Conference of Health Ministers. Resolution. Istanbul, Turkey November 2015 (5-7 Safar 1437H)
5 th Islamic Conference of Health Ministers Resolution Istanbul, Turkey 17-19 November 2015 (5-7 Safar 1437H) Draft Resolution No. 2/5-ICHM On Healthy Life Style, Prevention and Control of Communicable
More informationThe Current Status of the Epidemiologic Transition
The Current Status of the Epidemiologic Transition There are still job opportunities in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine CAPT John W. Sanders, Medical Corps, US Navy Commanding Officer, Naval
More informationThe road towards universal access
The road towards universal access Scaling up access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support 22 FEB 2006 The United Nations working together on the road towards universal access. In a letter dated
More informationTechnical Guidance for Global Fund HIV Proposals
Technical Guidance for Global Fund HIV Proposals Broad Area Intervention Area CARE ANS SUPPORT Protection, care and support of children orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS Working Document Updated
More informationThe M8 Alliance Declaration. World Health Summit 2016 (Version: 07/10/ :30)
World Health Summit 2016 (Version: 07/10/2016-20:30) This year's World Health Summit (WHS) took place in a political context of great hope and serious alarm. Immense strides were made at the UN General
More informationPROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB2282 Project Name
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB2282 Project Name Avian
More informationTHE Price of a Pandemic 2017
THE Price of a Pandemic 2017 From 2000-2015: 33 million people died because of TB at a global economic cost of $617bn This report was produced the Global TB Caucus, an international network of over 2,000
More informationChapter 8 notes Human Capital: Education and Health (rough notes, use only as guidance; more details provided in lecture)
Chapter 8 notes Human Capital: Education and Health (rough notes, use only as guidance; more details provided in lecture) education and health are basic objectives of development but also important goals
More informationWFP and the Nutrition Decade
WFP and the Nutrition Decade WFP s strategic plan focuses on ending hunger and contributing to a revitalized global partnership, key components to implement and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
More informationCombating HIV/AIDS and TB in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The World Bank Response
Combating HIV/AIDS and TB in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The World Bank Response Paolo Carlo Belli, Country Sector Coordinator, Human Development ECA Region May 13, 2011 November 28, 2007 ECA AIDS
More informationRISK OF WORLDWIDE PANDEMIC AND STATE OF PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS: FOCUS ON INFLUENZA
RISK OF WORLDWIDE PANDEMIC AND STATE OF PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS: FOCUS ON INFLUENZA David Nabarro United Nations System Influenza Coordinator February 4 th 2008 History: Disease Outbreaks and Pandemics Consequences
More informationGlobal Governance for Health: Protecting Vulnerable People from Infectious Diseases in Countries with Weak Health System
2016 Australasian Aid Conference Global Governance for Health: Protecting Vulnerable People from Infectious Diseases in Countries with Weak Health System Yasushi KATSUMA, Ph.D. Dean & Professor, Graduate
More information10.4 Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization Working Group: summary strategic plan,
10.4 Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization Working Group: summary strategic plan, 2006 2015 Introduction A significant scaling-up of advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB will
More informationCopenhagen, Denmark, September August Malaria
Regional Committee for Europe 64th session EUR/RC64/Inf.Doc./5 Copenhagen, Denmark, 15 18 September 2014 21 August 2014 140602 Provisional agenda item 3 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Malaria Following the support
More informationDisease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies Tom Frieden, MD, MPH Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global Disaster
More informationMonitoring the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals
SIXTY-SIXTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A66/13 Provisional agenda item 14.1 14 May 2013 Monitoring the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals Report by the Secretariat 1. In response
More informationWOMEN: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF HIV/AIDS
WOMEN: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF HIV/AIDS gender equality and the empowerment of women are fundamental elements in the reduction of the vulnerability of women and girls to HIV/AIDS Article 14, Declaration
More informationRevised Strategy for Malaria Control in the South-East Asia Region
24 th Meeting of Ministers of Health Dhaka, Bangladesh, 20-21 August 2006 SEA/HMM/Meet.24/3 10 July 2006 Revised Strategy for Malaria Control in the South-East Asia Region Malaria is disease of high priority
More informationUSAID Progress: The U.S. National Vaccine Plan of 1994
USAID Progress: The U.S. National Vaccine Plan of 1994 Ellyn Ogden Neal Brandes Angela Weaver Washington DC March 3, 2008 Objective 1.1/1.5 (New Vaccines) Support to GAVI for introduction of new vaccines
More informationPost-2015: Innovative Financing of HIV/AIDS. Travis Mitchell Economic Affairs Division
Post-2015: Innovative Financing of HIV/AIDS Travis Mitchell Economic Affairs Division High Burden (HIV/AIDS) Low Income countries will remain dependent on external funding for decades, creating major financial
More informationUNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis. Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014
UNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014 Overview Over 2,200+ deaths and over 4,200 confirmed / probable cases in Guinea, Sierra Leone,
More information2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending AIDS sets world on the Fast-Track to end the epidemic by 2030
S T A T E M E N T 2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending AIDS sets world on the Fast-Track to end the epidemic by 2030 World leaders commit to reach three goals and 20 new Fast-Track Targets
More information4.3.9 Pandemic Disease
4.3.9 Pandemic Disease This section describes the location and extent, range of magnitude, past occurrence, future occurrence, and vulnerability assessment for the pandemic disease hazard for Armstrong
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 18 November 2014 Original: English Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Asia-Pacific Intergovernmental Meeting on HIV and AIDS
More informationNeglected Tropical & Zoonotic Diseases and their Impact on Women s and Children s Health
Neglected Tropical & Zoonotic Diseases and their Impact on Women s and Children s Health Marian C. McDonald DrPH, MPH, MA Associate Director of Health Disparities National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic
More informationPublic Health in Developing Countries
Public Health in Developing Countries MUSC Spring Global Health Series Rima Shretta Outline Public health in developing countries: What is different? Key health related indictors Communicable diseases
More informationHEPATITIS ELIMINATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: WHAT WILL IT TAKE?
HEPATITIS ELIMINATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: WHAT WILL IT TAKE? Ganiyat Kikelomo OYELEKE FMCP Hepatologist & Gastroenterologist Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. INTEREST 2018, KIGALI CONFERENCE
More informationAvian influenza Avian influenza ("bird flu") and the significance of its transmission to humans
15 January 2004 Avian influenza Avian influenza ("bird flu") and the significance of its transmission to humans The disease in birds: impact and control measures Avian influenza is an infectious disease
More informationNDI HUMPHREY NGALA, PHD UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE I ENS, DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY TEL: /
NDI HUMPHREY NGALA, PHD UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE I ENS, DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY TEL: 677885649/697478641 E-mail: hngalan117@gmail.com PRESENTATION OUTLINE I. Introduction (concept and definition) II. III. IV. Infectious
More informationThe road towards universal access
The road towards universal access JAN 2006 Issues Paper Requests... that the UNAIDS Secretariat and its Cosponsors assist in facilitating inclusive, country-driven processes, including consultations with
More informationART for prevention the task ahead
ART for prevention the task ahead Dr Teguest Guerma WHO/HQS WHO's role and vision Status of the epidemic Overview Progress and challenges in treatment and prevention scale up ART for prevention Questions
More informationGlobal Catastrophic Biological Risks
Global Catastrophic Biological Risks Working Definition of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks (GCBRs) Events in which biological agents whether naturally emerging or reemerging, deliberately created
More informationUHC. Moving toward. Ghana NATIONAL INITIATIVES, KEY CHALLENGES, AND THE ROLE OF COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Moving toward UHC Ghana NATIONAL INITIATIVES, KEY CHALLENGES, AND THE ROLE OF COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES re Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
More informationWhole Of Society Approach To Preparedness
Whole Of Society Approach To Preparedness Dr Chadia Wannous UN System Influenza Coordination Geneva International Civil Aviation Organization CAPSCA, 3-5 December 2013 UN System Influenza Coordination
More informationThe new German strategy on HIV, Hepatitis B, C and STI, an integrated approach. Ines Perea Ministry of Health, Germany
The new German strategy on HIV, Hepatitis B, C and STI, an integrated approach Ines Perea Ministry of Health, Germany Reasons for a new strategy in 2016 New international agreements (SDG s) Renewed political
More informationGlobalization and Health The regional response
Zsuzsanna Jakab Director European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) IBA Annual Meeting Anthrax, SARS and Bioweaponry Is Globalisation Bad for Your Health? 28 September 2005, Prague Globalization
More informationGOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE NATIONAL HIV/AIDS POLICY
National HIV/AIDS Policy GOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE NATIONAL HIV/AIDS POLICY NATIONAL HIV/AIDS POLICY FOR SIERRA LEONE 1. ACRONYMS CBOs - Community Based Organisations CAC/DAC/RAC - Chiefdom AIDS Committee/District
More informationProgress, challenges and the way forward in ASEAN Member States
MDG 6A: Combating HIV/AIDS Progress, challenges and the way forward in ASEAN Member States Dr Bob Verbruggen UNAIDS Regional Support Team ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Workshop on MDGs July 30-31 2012, Yangon,
More information