Global overview of Communicable Diseases
|
|
- Charla Johns
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Faculty of Medicine الصحة العامة ( ) Health Public Lecture 14 Global overview of Communicable Diseases By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD
2 1. The global health impact of mental health and mental diseases. Drug abuse and Addictive substances 1. Global overview of communicable diseases 2. Global overview Non- communicable diseases(ncds)- 3. The global health impact of Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS 4. The global health impact of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes and Obesity 1. Health service delivery in developing countries 2. Health policy, Health priorities 3. Health systems and financing 4. Quality of care and effectiveness in different health services systems; 5. Health policies and management within a global health perspective 1. Violence and injuries 2. Migration and Travelers' health
3 We can End Polio! Polio cases worldwide: 1988: : 27 Since 1988, we have reduced polio cases by 99.9%. 3
4 Presentation outline Time Introduction of concepts 09:15 to 09:25 Current trends an occurrence of global infectious diseases Current trends an occurrence of global infectious diseases 09:25 to 09:35 09: 35 to 09:40 Barriers to Immunization Coverage 09:40 to 09:50 Basic principles and policies for prevention and control at global level 09:50 to 10:15 Challenges: Emerging infectious diseases
5 T o ta l p o p u la tio n (m illio n s) Future Population Growth Will be in LICs and MICs 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 D eveloping countries D eveloped countries 2,000 1, Y e a r
6 Age group Age group Causes of Death Vary Greatly by Country Income Level Age distribution of death in Sierra Leone around 2005 Age distribution of death in Denmark around 2005 Male Female Male Female Percent of total of deaths Percent of total deaths
7 A total of 2797 international health hazards by type and country, January 2001 September Christopher Dye Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2014;369:
8 Communicable Diseases: Definition Defined as any condition which is transmitted directly or indirectly to a person from an infected person or animal through the agency of an intermediate animal, host, or vector, or through the inanimate environment.
9 Communicable Diseases: Definition A communicable disease is one that can be transmitted from one person to another. It is caused by an agent that is infectious (capable of producing infection) and is transmitted from a source, or reservoir, to a susceptible host. A communicable disease: A disease or illness in a susceptible host, caused by a potentially harmful infectious organism or its toxic byproduct. Communicable disease spreads due to contact between an infectious agent and a susceptible host
10 Communicable Diseases: Definition Transmission is facilitated by the following more frequent human contact due to Increase in the volume and means of transportation (affordable international air travel), globalization (increased trade and contact) Microbial adaptation and change Breakdown of public health capacity at various levels Change in human demographics and behavior Economic development and land use patterns
11 How are infections spread? From person to person Through viruses, bacteria and parasites More than a third of the world s population is infected with worms!
12 Direct Indirect CD- Modes of transmission Blood-borne or sexual HIV, Hepatitis B,C Inhalation Tuberculosis, influenza, anthrax Food-borne E. coli, Salmonella, Contaminated water- Cholera, rotavirus, Hepatitis A Vector-borne- malaria, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis Formites Zoonotic diseases animal handling and feeding practices (Mad cow disease, Avian Influenza)
13 Importance of Communicable Diseases Significant burden of disease especially in low and middle income countries Social impact Economic impact Potential for rapid spread Human security concerns Intentional use
14 2015 statistics The latest number of deaths due to HIV and AIDS per year stood at some 1.1 million. Thus, HIV/AIDS was one of the communicable diseases causing the most fatalities worldwide. As of 2015, an overwhelming portion of the countries with the highest prevalence of HIV worldwide were located in Africa. Similarly, the region of Africa is also disproportionately affected by malaria, accounting for 191,000 of the 212,000 cases reported worldwide in 2015.
15 Communicable Diseases account for a significant global disease burden In 2005, CDs accounted for about 30% of the global BoD and 60% of the BoD in Africa. CDs typically affect LIC and MICs disproportionately. Account for 40% of the disease burden in low and middle income countries Most communicable diseases are preventable or treatable. Even with the projected rise in the burden of NCDs, CDs are expected to account for 26% of the BoD in 2015 globally, and 56% in Africa. (Global Burden of Disease
16 Communicable Disease Burden Varies Widely Among Continents
17 Communicable disease burden in Europe
18 CDs have a significant social impact Disruption of family and social networks Child-headed households, social exclusion Widespread stigma and discrimination TB, HIV/AIDS, Leprosy Discrimination in employment, schools, migration policies Orphans and vulnerable children Loss of primary care givers Susceptibility to exploitation and trafficking Interventions such as quarantine measures may aggravate the social disruption
19 CDs have a significant economic impact in affected countries At the macro level Reduction in revenue for the country (e.g. tourism) Estimated cost of SARS epidemic to Asian countries: $20 billion (2003) or $2 million per case. Drop in international travel to affected countries by 50-70% Malaria causes an average loss of 1.3% annual GDP in countries with intense transmission The plague outbreak in India cost the economy over $1 billion from travel restrictions and embargoes At the household level Poorer households are disproportionately affected Substantial loss in productivity and income for the infirmed and caregiver Catastrophic costs of treating illness
20 International boundaries are disappearing Borders are not very effective at stopping communicable diseases. With increasing globalization interdependence of countries more trade and human/animal interactions The rise in international traffic and commerce makes challenges even more daunting Other global issues affect or are affected by communicable diseases. climate change migration Change in biodiversity
21 Human Security concerns Potential magnitude and rapid spread of outbreaks/pandemics. e.g. SARS outbreak No country or region can contain a full blown outbreak of Avian influenza Bioterrorism and intentional outbreaks Anthrax, Small pox New and re-emerging diseases Ebola, TB (MDR-TB and XDR-TB), HPAI, Rift valley fever.
22 The ten leading causes of death in the world in 2011 according to the World Health Organization
23 Causes of death: Developed and developing countries The pie graphs show the different causes of death between developed and developing regions of the world. These areas correspond closely with the non-industrialised and industrialised parts of the world. As the graph shows, the majority of people in Developing regions die of communicable diseases, while in developed regions deaths are due largely to non-communicable diseases.
24 Communicable and noncommunicable diseases Worldwide, one death in three is the result of an infectious disease Almost all the deaths from infectious disease occur in the non-industrialised world. The biggest killers in the industrialised world are non infectious diseases
25 Number of deaths caused by selected communicable diseases annually worldwide as of 2015 (in 1,000)
26 Deaths from infectious diseases (plus maternal and nutritional disorders) and non-infectious diseases (including injuries) worldwide, Christopher Dye Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2014;369:
27 Trends in direct financial assistance for health, , measured in US$ billions per year (log scale), with five of the principal areas of investment. Christopher Dye Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2014;369:
28 A paradigm shift - Enlightened Self interest Communicable diseases have no borders. Predominantly affect the poor, and poor countries Also affect richer households and countries. Interventions are non-rival, non-exclusive and have positive externalities. Elimination and control of certain communicable diseases increases global health security. Limited financial incentives for the market to drive needed innovation in research and drug development Mismatch between global health need and health spending Global health security is therefore inextricably tied to the effective control of CDs in developing world.
29 Resurging diseases Resurging diseases are those communicable diseases that have been endemic in some parts of the world but are now endemic in more countries and are increasing to epidemic proportions in others. Often, the resurgence is caused by the emergence of new, drugresistant strains of a familiar organism, such as the MDR TB bacillus. Staphylococcus aureus infections have some strains so powerful that they are not responding to vancomycin any longer; they still respond to two new antibiotics, but those could also lose effectiveness.
30 Global Mismatch Between Disease Burden and Health Spending Burden of disease in disability adjusted life years by income category 34.4% 55.9% 9.7% % DALYs in LIC % DALYs in MIC % DALYs in HIC
31 Approaches to Interventions 1. Personal Responsibility and action 2. Utilitarian Approaches Greatest good for the greatest number Including non Health Systems Interventions. 3. Regulations and Laws 4. Partnerships and Collaboration 5. Enlightened Self Interest
32 Personal Responsibility and action Improved hygiene and sanitation Hand washing, proper waste disposal, food preparation and handling. Information, education and behavior change Changing harmful household practices Livestock handling, knowledge about contagion Cultural and social norms Self reporting of illnesses and compliance with interventions and treatment.
33 Utilitarian Approaches Greatest good for the greatest number Reliance on personal responsibility not always the optimal option given different knowledge levels and values. Public good nature of the interventions Social Isolation and Quarantine measures Home treatment; Isolation Mass vaccination programs and campaigns Polio, small pox, DPT, Hepatitis, Yellow fever Mass treatment programs Onchocerciasis, de-worming programs. For some CDs, intervention in other sectors is required Environmental health elimination of breeding sites, spraying Agricultural practices such as poultry handling and exposure to soil pathogens during farming.
34 Regulations and Laws National response remains the bedrock of intervention National laws and capacities vary. International Regulations and laws introduced 1851 International Sanitary regulations in Europe following cholera outbreak international sanitary regulation by WHO Replaced by the International Health regulation Minor changes in 1973 and 1981 cholera, plague, yellow fever, smallpox, relapsing fever and typhus 2005 Revised International Health Regulation Challenge of enforceability of international agreements.
35 Regulation and laws WHO 2005 International health regulation IHR (2005) is a legally binding agreement among member states of WHO to cooperate on a set of defined areas of public health importance. Arrived at by consensus of all member countries of WHO, with clear arbitration mechanisms Its elements include Notification: National IHR Focal Points and WHO IHR Contact Points Requirements for national core capacities Recommended measures External advice regarding the IHR (2005)
36 Partnerships and Collaboration Collaboration vs. coercion Importance of partnerships MDG 8: Develop global partnerships for development Comparative advantage of partners Inclusiveness Examples of partnerships Over 70 Global health partnerships available Examples include the Stop-TB program, GFATM, RBM, UNAIDS, GAVI, Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), GAIN, bilateral and multilateral organizations.
37 Key principles of an Effective Global Response Respect for the value of each life Behind every statistic is an individual Understanding of the social context that govern individual decision making Disease Surveillance and reporting Management and containment of outbreaks Strong legal and regulatory framework Sustained and predictable financing Building national health systems
38 World Bank s involvement Relevance to our mandate CDs disproportionately affect the poor and LICs and MICs Enormous economic consequences Major constraint to achieving the MDGs Major source of financing for poor countries This position is rapidly changing with the entrance of newer players in DAH such as Gates foundation, Bilaterals, multilaterals. Call for innovative financing schemes
39 World Bank $ 430 million committed to malaria booster projects in Africa By 2008, 21 million bed nets and 42 million ACT doses would have been distributed. As of June 2007, the World Bank had approved financing of $377 million for 40 projects in 45 countries in all six geographic regions to combat Avian influenza Cumulative WB commitment to HIV/AIDS is over $ 2.5 billion
40 US$ (in millions) Sources of Development Assistance for Health 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 Private Non-profit Other Multilateral Development Banks UN System Bilateral 0 Average Year Source: Michaud 2006
41 The World Bank s new Strategy for Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) strategy Five broad strategic directions of the World bank 1. Focus on HNP Results 2. Strengthening health systems 3. Ensuring synergies between Health Systems strengthening and priority disease interventions 4. Intersectoral approach to HNP results 5. Increase strategic and selective engagement with development partners.
42 Despite significant declines in mortality, communicable diseases are responsible for persistently high morbidity among various age and population groups. Rates of some communicable diseases, especially tuberculosis (TB) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), remain disproportionately high in selected population groups (in some cases, shockingly high), a fact often masked when statistics are aggregated. Globally emerging communicable diseases.
43 Evolution of Communicable Disease Control Communicable diseases have challenged health care providers for centuries. They have led to the development of countless nursing and medical preventive measures, from simple procedures such as hand-washing, sanitation, and proper ventilation to the research and development of vaccines and antibiotics. Communicable diseases, particularly those of epidemic and pandemic proportions, such as TB and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), continue to cost millions of lives and billions of dollars to the global human society every year.
44 Global Trends :The following are some of the major accomplishments:. 1995, more than 80% of the world s children had been immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, measles, and TB, compared with fewer than 5% in 1974 Global eradication of smallpox was achieved in 1980 Because of improved sanitation and hygiene, outbreaks of relapsing fever, transmitted by lice, are rare today. Reported cases worldwide of poliomyelitis have declined by 99% since the campaign began, with only 537 new cases in the world in Malaria remains a major threat, even though the mortality rate has improved in the last 25 years. In 1954, there were 2.5 million deaths annually and 250 million cases of malaria worldwide; in 2002, there were an estimated 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths and 300 to 500 million cases.
45 Communicable Disease Control PRIMARY PREVENTION In the context of communicable disease control, two approaches are useful in achieving primary prevention: (1) education using mass media and targeting health messages to aggregates (2) immunization. SECONDARY PREVENTION There are two approaches to secondary prevention of communicable disease: (1) screening (2) contact investigation, partner notification, and case-finding Tertiary Prevention The approaches to tertiary prevention of communicable disease include isolation and quarantine of the infected person and safe handling and control of infectious wastes.
46 Communicable Disease Control Barriers to Immunization Coverage (1)Religious Barriers. (2)Financial Barriers (3)Social Barriers (4)Cultural Barriers (5)Philosophical Objections (6)Provider Limitations
47 Worldwide coverage of eight vaccines used in the Expanded Programme on Immunization, [66]. Christopher Dye Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2014;369:
48 Ten great public health achievements worldwide ( ) 1. Reductions in child mortality 2. Tuberculosis control 3. Vaccine-preventable diseases 4. Control of neglected tropical diseases 5. Access to safe water and sanitation 6. Tobacco control 7. Malaria prevention and control 8. Increased awareness and response for improving global road safety 9. Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS 10. Improved preparedness and response to global health threats
49 Global strategies/plans adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHO s governing body) Communicable diseases WHA68.2 Global technical strategy and targets for malaria , WHA68.6 Global vaccine action plan WHA68.7 Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance WHA67.1 Global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care and control after WHA66.12 Neglected tropical diseases (including the Global Plan to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases )WHA66.8 Comprehensive mental health action plan WHA65.17 Global vaccine action plan WHA64.14 Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS, WHA63.13 Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol
Global overview of Communicable Diseases
Faculty of Medicine الصحة العامة (31505291) Health Public Lecture 13 Global overview of Communicable Diseases By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD 9-7-2017 1 1. The global health impact of mental health and
More informationCommunicable Diseases and Human Security
Communicable Diseases and Human Security Kelechi Ohiri MD MPH MS Health, Nutrition, Population Human Development Network World Bank Outline of Presentation Part 1 Overview of Communicable Diseases (CDs)
More informationEmerging Infectious Disease Threats. Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine
Emerging Infectious Disease Threats Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine Plagues and History Leading causes of global deaths from infectious diseases Infectious
More informationWHO: Forum Issue #02 Student Officer Position:
WHO: Topic B Forum : World Health Organization Issue #02 : Topic B: Preparing for a Global Health Crisis Student Officer : Samantha Portillo Position: Chair of the United Nations World Health Organization
More informationTB 2015 burden, challenges, response. Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director
TB 2015 burden, challenges, response Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 11-13 November 2015 Overview TB basics TB burden & challenges Response: End TB Strategy DAY 1 What is TB? Definition
More informationGLOBAL HEALTH SPESIALISERING IN. Austen Davis
GLOBAL HEALTH SPESIALISERING IN SAMFUNNSMEDISIN 16.02.2016 Austen Davis SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS THE POST 2015 AGENDA Where do we come from? 14 th C quarantine Tropical Health International Health
More informationustainable Development Goals
26 April 2018 ustainable Development Goals Peter Okoth enya Pediatric Association Conference 3-27 April 2018 ombasa, Kenya UNICEF/UNI197921/Schermbrucker MDG Global Achievements: The Benefits of Global
More informationPreventing disease Promoting and protecting health
Preventing disease Promoting and protecting health CONTENTS Context Global Health Security what is it? Health security the perfect storm Regional Health Security what is it? Caribbean Regional Health Security:
More informationCenter for Global Health. CDC Global Health Saving Lives Overseas, Protecting Americans at Home
Center for Global Health CDC Global Health Saving Lives Overseas, Protecting Americans at Home CDC Overview Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC is the nation s leading public
More informationPresent State and Measures against Infectious Diseases in Tokyo
Asian Network of Major Cities 21 Asian Infectious Disease Project Present State and Measures against Infectious Diseases in History of Law on Infectious Diseases Revisions 1897 1999 23 Communicable Disease
More information11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals
11 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals The Post -2015 Development Agenda began upon completion of the monitoring
More informationENHANCING AFRICA S PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE THROUGH INNOVATION AND PARTNERSHIPS
ENHANCING AFRICA S PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE THROUGH INNOVATION AND PARTNERSHIPS Strategic plan for the Africa CDC March 24-25, 2017 The Ebola outbreak underscored the fact that 2 pandemics are not just a
More information5 th Islamic Conference of Health Ministers. Resolution. Istanbul, Turkey November 2015 (5-7 Safar 1437H)
5 th Islamic Conference of Health Ministers Resolution Istanbul, Turkey 17-19 November 2015 (5-7 Safar 1437H) Draft Resolution No. 2/5-ICHM On Healthy Life Style, Prevention and Control of Communicable
More informationMedia centre Global infectious disease surveillance
Media centre Global infectious disease surveillance Fact sheet N 200 Increased movements of people, expansion of international trade in foodstuffs and medicinal biological products, social and environmental
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 11. Epidemiology and Public Health Chapter 11 Outline Epidemiology Interactions Among Pathogens, Hosts and the Environment Chain of Infection Reservoirs
More informationThe Sustainable Development Goals: The implications for health post Ties Boerma, Director of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva
The Sustainable Development Goals: The implications for health post-2015 Ties Boerma, Director of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva Outline SDGs: general process and features 2030 Agenda:
More informationInternational political economy of health (part II)
International political economy of health (part II) The growing role of the World Bank The rise of WTO... UNAIDS enter the scene... GAVI enter the scene... Recharging WHO The Commission for Macroeconomics
More informationWorld Health Organization. A Sustainable Health Sector
World Health Organization A Sustainable Health Sector Response to HIV Global Health Sector Strategy for HIV/AIDS 2011-2015 (DRAFT OUTLINE FOR CONSULTATION) Version 2.1 15 July 2010 15 July 2010 1 GLOBAL
More informationWhy do we need SD goals on climate change, environment and health
Why do we need SD goals on climate change, environment and health Roberto Bertollini, M.D, MPH Chief Scientist and WHO Representative to the EU World Health Organization Joint DEVE-ENVI public hearing
More informationEMERGING DISEASES IN INDONESIA: CONTROL AND CHALLENGES
Tropical Medicine and Health Vol. 34 No. 4, 2006, pp. 141-147 Copyright 2006 by The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine EMERGING DISEASES IN INDONESIA: CONTROL AND CHALLENGES I NYOMAN KANDUN Recieved
More informationFifth report of Committee A
SIXTY-EIGHTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY (Draft) A68/73 26 May 2015 Fifth report of Committee A (Draft) Committee A held its twelfth and thirteenth meetings on 25 May 2015 under the chairmanship of Dr Eduardo
More informationOUTCOME AND IMPACT LEVEL INTERVENTION LOGIC & INDICATORS HEALTH SECTOR WORKING PAPER: DRAFT - OCTOBER 2009
EC EXTERNAL SERVICES EVALUATION UNIT OUTCOME AND IMPACT LEVEL INTERVENTION LOGIC & INDICATORS HEALTH SECTOR WORKING PAPER: DRAFT - OCTOBER 2009 This working paper outlines a set of indicators at the outcome
More informationSECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): HEALTH
Greater Mekong Subregion Health Security Project RRP REG-48118-002 SECTOR ASSESMENT (SUMMARY): HEALTH A. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. The governments of Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Myanmar,
More informationAntimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N 194 Updated April 2014
Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N 194 Updated April 2014 Key facts Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by
More informationPublic Health & Disasters. Handoyo Pramusinto
Public Health & Disasters Handoyo Pramusinto Morbidity from disaster Injuries Emotional stress Epidemic of disease Increase in indigenous diseases Effects of Disaster Health Problems Common to
More informationAPEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006
APEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006 APEC Action Plan on the Prevention and Response to Avian and Influenza Pandemics 1. Many APEC economies have been
More informationPublic Health, History and Achievements. Dr Faris Al Lami MBChB PhD FFPH
Public Health, History and Achievements Dr Faris Al Lami MBChB PhD FFPH Objectives Define public health. Describe conditions that existed before the advent of modern public health. Describe important achievements
More informationRUSSIA Mobilizing support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
RUSSIA 3.1 HEALTH FINANCING AND STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS 3.1.1 We will continue our efforts towards the goal of providing at least a projected US$ 60 billion to fight infectious diseases and improve
More informationEvents detected by national surveillance system (see Annex 1)
WHA58.3 ANNEX 2 DECISION INSTRUMENT FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND NOTIFICATION OF EVENTS THAT MAY CONSTITUTE A PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY OF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN Events detected by national surveillance system
More informationToyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group -
Toyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group - 8 July 2008 This report is the recommendation from the G8 Health Experts Group to the G8 leaders. I Introduction 1.
More informationKuala Lumpur Declaration 2007
Attachment 9 The First Islamic Conference of Ministers of Health Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2007 We, the Ministers of Health of the member states of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, participating
More informationWHO Achievements 2012
WHO Achievements 2012 WHO contributes to improved health outcomes directly and indirectly. Direct ways include technical support to countries; the development of guidelines, norms, and standards; and facilitating
More informationThe Strategy Development Process. Global Fund and STOP TB Consultation Istanbul, Turkey 24 July 2015
The Strategy Development Process Global Fund and STOP TB Consultation Istanbul, Turkey 24 July 2015 Structure of the current 2012-16 Global Fund Strategy The 2012-16 Global Fund Strategy.. States a forward
More informationYellow fever. Key facts
From: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever WHO/E. Soteras Jalil Yellow fever 14 March 2018 Key facts Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected
More informationFAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF. Background Paper
FAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF Background Paper 3.4 d Ensuring intergovernmental support to national and other stakeholders for integrated action to tackle HPAI and
More informationThe Current Status of the Epidemiologic Transition
The Current Status of the Epidemiologic Transition There are still job opportunities in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine CAPT John W. Sanders, Medical Corps, US Navy Commanding Officer, Naval
More informationMonitoring of the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals
SIXTY-THIRD WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHA63.15 Agenda item 11.4 21 May 2010 Monitoring of the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals The Sixty-third World Health Assembly, Having considered
More informationCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Coalition C/o American Public Health Association 800 I Street NW Washington, DC,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Coalition C/o American Public Health Association 800 I Street NW Washington, DC, 20001 202-777-2514 Donald Hoppert, Director of Government Relations, American
More informationBackground. Proposed to develop a framework for action. Address by Foreign Minister Koumura
July 2008 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Background Address by Foreign Minister Koumura Global Health and Japan s Foreign Policy From Okinawa to Toyako (25 November 2007) Special Address by Prime
More information4.3.9 Pandemic Disease
4.3.9 Pandemic Disease This section describes the location and extent, range of magnitude, past occurrence, future occurrence, and vulnerability assessment for the pandemic disease hazard for Armstrong
More informationCopenhagen, Denmark, September August Malaria
Regional Committee for Europe 64th session EUR/RC64/Inf.Doc./5 Copenhagen, Denmark, 15 18 September 2014 21 August 2014 140602 Provisional agenda item 3 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Malaria Following the support
More informationKey Messages for World Malaria Day 2009
INFORMATION RBM/WG/2009/INF.12 10 APR 2009 Draft document General distribution English Only Key Messages for World Malaria Day 2009 Counting Malaria Out to Reaching the 2010 Targets On the occasion of
More informationWHO Global Health Sector Strategies HIV; Viral Hepatitis; Sexually Transmitted Infections
Common structure Universal Health Coverage SDGs Cascade of services Vision, Goals and Targets Costed Actions WHO Global Health Sector Strategies 2016-2021 HIV; Viral Hepatitis; Sexually Transmitted Infections
More informationInternational Health Regulations (2005)
IHR07 3/23/07 8:31 AM Page 1 International Health Regulations (2005) Basic information for national policy-makers and partners IHR07 3/23/07 8:31 AM Page 2 NEW OBLIGATIONS, NEW OPPORTUNITIES The revised
More informationThe Economic and Social Council, Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration13 and the 2005 World Summit Outcome, 1
Resolution 2010/24 The role of the United Nations system in implementing the ministerial declaration on the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to global public health adopted at the
More informationNDI HUMPHREY NGALA, PHD UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE I ENS, DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY TEL: /
NDI HUMPHREY NGALA, PHD UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE I ENS, DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY TEL: 677885649/697478641 E-mail: hngalan117@gmail.com PRESENTATION OUTLINE I. Introduction (concept and definition) II. III. IV. Infectious
More informationAccelerating progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals
Accelerating progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals The critical role of the national health policy & strategy in strengthening health systems and delivering effective interventions
More informationEmerging & re-emerging infections on the African Continent-the Public Health Aspect: Is Africa Prepared?
Emerging & re-emerging infections on the African Continent-the Public Health Aspect: Is Africa Prepared? International Conference on (Re) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12-14 March, African Union Commission,
More informationResolution adopted by the General Assembly. [without reference to a Main Committee (A/62/L.39 and Add.1)]
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 7 March 2008 Sixty-second session Agenda item 47 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/62/L.39 and Add.1)]
More informationThe WHO END-TB Strategy
ENDING TB and MDR-TB The WHO END-TB Strategy Dr Mario RAVIGLIONE Director Joint GDI/GLI Partners Forum WHO Geneva, 27 April 2015 This talk will deal with TB Burden Progress, Challenges Way Forward Who
More informationAOHS Global Health. Unit 1, Lesson 3. Communicable Disease
AOHS Global Health Unit 1, Lesson 3 Communicable Disease Copyright 2012 2016 NAF. All rights reserved. A communicable disease is passed from one infected person to another The range of communicable diseases
More informationGlobal Governance for Health: Protecting Vulnerable People from Infectious Diseases in Countries with Weak Health System
2016 Australasian Aid Conference Global Governance for Health: Protecting Vulnerable People from Infectious Diseases in Countries with Weak Health System Yasushi KATSUMA, Ph.D. Dean & Professor, Graduate
More information~Health and Development Initiative~
~Health and Development Initiative~ Global Issues Division International Cooperation Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan March 2007 More than 10 million children
More informationWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FIFTY-FOURTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A54/9 Provisional agenda item 13.3 2 April 2001 Global health security - epidemic alert and response Report by the Secretariat INTRODUCTION
More informationImproving the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of sepsis
SEVENTIETH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A70/13 Provisional agenda item 12.2 13 April 2017 Improving the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of sepsis Report by the Secretariat 1. The Executive Board
More informationUNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis. Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014
UNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014 Overview Over 2,200+ deaths and over 4,200 confirmed / probable cases in Guinea, Sierra Leone,
More informationConfronting infectious diseases and the role of vaccination: A global perspective KATE ANTEYI. MD, MPH, MBA
Confronting infectious diseases and the role of vaccination: A global perspective KATE ANTEYI. MD, MPH, MBA Technical Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Chair, WONCA Working
More informationDisease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies Tom Frieden, MD, MPH Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global Disaster
More informationDraft of the Rome Declaration on Nutrition
Draft of the Rome Declaration on Nutrition 1. We, Ministers and Plenipotentiaries of the Members of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, assembled
More informationIS THE UK WELL PREPARED FOR A REPEAT OF THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC?
Cambridge Judge Business School Centre for Risk Studies IS THE UK WELL PREPARED FOR A REPEAT OF THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC? Dr Andrew Coburn Chief Scientist Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies 5 December
More informationAssessing economic vulnerability to emerging infectious disease outbreaks: Ebola versus Zika
Assessing economic vulnerability to emerging infectious disease outbreaks: Ebola versus Zika Dr Anas El Turabi National Academy of Medicine Forum on Antimicrobial Threats June 12, 2018 The ultimate goal
More informationOverall presentation of IVR Strategy
Annex 3 Overall presentation of IVR Strategy Presentation to the IVR Advisory committee (IVAC) April 2007 Outline Why does WHO invest in Research & Development? What is the Initiative for Vaccine Research
More informationMODULE SIX. Global TB Institutions and Policy Framework. Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit
MODULE SIX Global TB Institutions and Policy Framework Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit 1 Topics to be Covered Global TB policy and coordinating structures The Stop TB Strategy TB/HIV collaborative
More informationVersion for the Silent Procedure 29 April Agenda item January Hepatitis
Version for the Silent Procedure 29 April 2014 134th session EB134.R18 Agenda item 10.5 25 January 2014 Hepatitis The Executive Board, Having considered the report on hepatitis, 1 RECOMMENDS to the Sixty-seventh
More informationGood Health & Well-Being. By Alexandra Russo
Good Health & Well-Being By Alexandra Russo SDG 3 Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy living and promote well-being for all at all ages There are 9 targets associated with SDG 3 The targets encompass a wide
More informationThe Threat of Agroterrorism and Zoonotic Diseases in the United States
The Threat of Agroterrorism and Zoonotic Diseases in the United States Gary Alan Flory Gary.Flory@deq.virginia.gov http://garyflory.com Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, VA 22801, USA Written
More informationSuggested Exercises and Projects 395
Suggested Exercises and Projects 395 Projects These suggested projects are taken in part from the recent book A Course in Mathematical Biology: Quantitative Modeling with Mathematical and Computational
More informationFinancing Global Health 2012
Financing Global Health 2012 End of the Golden Age? February 6 th, 2013 Outline Global Health Context Three Phases of DAH Who Provides DAH? Where Does DAH Go? Government Spending Future Directions 2 Global
More informationDownloaded from
Class IX: Biology Chapter: Why do we fall ill Chapter Notes Key learnings: 1) Our body s well-being is dependent on the proper functioning of its cells and tissues. 2) All our body parts and activities
More informationOkinawa, Toyako, and Beyond: Progress on Health and Development
Okinawa, Toyako, and Beyond: Progress on Health and Development Prof. Michel D. Kazatchkine Executive Director The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria United Nations University, Tokyo,
More informationHuman Health Using nuclear techniques to improve health around the world
Human Health Using nuclear techniques to improve health around the world With its wide range of activities and expertise in nuclear science and medicine, the IAEA is helping Member States use nuclear techniques
More informationNCDs in the Post-2015 Development Agenda
NCDs in the Post-2015 Development Agenda Regional Consultation on Multisectoral Policies for Prevention and Control of NCDs in the South-East Asia Region Bengaluru, India 18-20 August 2014 Jacob Kumaresan
More informationEx post evaluation Tanzania
Ex post evaluation Tanzania Sector: Health, family planning, HIV/AIDS (12250) Project: Promotion of national vaccination programme in cooperation with GAVI Alliance, Phase I and II (BMZ no. 2011 66 586
More informationTHE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR WOMEN S, CHILDREN S AND ADOLESCENTS HEALTH ( )
THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR WOMEN S, CHILDREN S AND ADOLESCENTS HEALTH (2016-2030) SURVIVE THRIVE TRANSFORM AT A GLANCE SURVIVE THRIVE TRANSFORM The Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents
More informationPublic Health Challenges. Identified by Public Health England
Public Health Challenges Identified by Public Health England Environmental Public Health 1. Environmental Change and Health What environmental public health interventions can be identified and developed
More informationThe new German strategy on HIV, Hepatitis B, C and STI, an integrated approach. Ines Perea Ministry of Health, Germany
The new German strategy on HIV, Hepatitis B, C and STI, an integrated approach Ines Perea Ministry of Health, Germany Reasons for a new strategy in 2016 New international agreements (SDG s) Renewed political
More informationGlobal overview of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Faculty of Medicine الصحة العامة (31505291) Health Public Lecture 15 Global overview of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD 25-7-2018 1 1. The global health impact of mental
More informationUN HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON TB KEY TARGETS & COMMITMENTS FOR 2022
UN HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON TB KEY TARGETS & COMMITMENTS FOR 2022 UNHLM ON TB KEY TARGETS FOR 2022 WE, HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT AND REPRESENTATIVES OF STATES AND GOVERNMENTS ASSEMBLED AT THE UNITED NATIONS
More informationEconomics of Vaccine Development A Vaccine Manufacturer s Perspective
Economics of Vaccine Development A Vaccine Manufacturer s Perspective Gerald Voss The Value of Vaccines 2 29 diseases are currently preventable by vaccination Global public health Cervical cancer 1 Diphtheria
More informationEVALUATION OF HEALTH THREATS: How the EU system functions Zsuzsanna Jakab, Director of ECDC, Informal Meeting of Health Ministers
EVALUATION OF HEALTH THREATS: How the EU system functions Zsuzsanna Jakab, Director of ECDC, Informal Meeting of Health Ministers Angers, 8 9 September 2008 ecdc.europa.eu Key message of presentation ECDC
More informationHealth Security. Supamit Chunsuttiwat Ministry of Public Health
Health Security Supamit Chunsuttiwat Ministry of Public Health Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network 16 th Annual Meeting October 6, 2015 Challenges to health at the turn of the millennium
More informationFoundations of Global Health. Communicable Diseases (Part 1): Control & Smallpox Eradication. Communicable Disease Definitions.
Foundations Global Health Communicable Diseases (Part 1): Control & Smallpox Eradication Learning Objectives Identify components the disease triangle and links in the chain transmission Define prevention,
More informationCS/PoliSci/Statistics C79 Societal Risks & The Law
CS/PoliSci/Statistics C79 Societal Risks & The Law Nicholas P. Jewell Department of Statistics & School of Public Health (Biostatistics) University of California, Berkeley March 19, 2013 1 Nicholas P.
More informationLatest Funding Trends in AIDS Response
Latest Funding Trends in AIDS Response 20 th International AIDS Conference Melbourne, Australia J.V.R. Prasada Rao United Nations Secretary-General s Special Envoy for AIDS in Asia and the Pacific 21 July
More informationUSAID Progress: The U.S. National Vaccine Plan of 1994
USAID Progress: The U.S. National Vaccine Plan of 1994 Ellyn Ogden Neal Brandes Angela Weaver Washington DC March 3, 2008 Objective 1.1/1.5 (New Vaccines) Support to GAVI for introduction of new vaccines
More informationWhy should AIDS be part of the Africa Development Agenda?
Why should AIDS be part of the Africa Development Agenda? BACKGROUND The HIV burden in Africa remains unacceptably high: While there is 19% reduction in new infections in Sub-Saharan Africa, new infections
More informationMedInform. Ethical and healthcare considerations in relation to mandatory vaccination - Bulgarian perspective. Literature Review
DOI: 10.18044/Medinform.201632.506 Ethical and healthcare considerations in relation to mandatory vaccination - Bulgarian perspective Alexandrina Vodenitcharova Faculty of Public Health, Medical University
More informationSECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION
SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION Why an ICN2? Only an inter-governmental conference can provide the mandate and the obligations for governments to globally address global problems To identify
More informationThe M8 Alliance Declaration. World Health Summit 2016 (Version: 07/10/ :30)
World Health Summit 2016 (Version: 07/10/2016-20:30) This year's World Health Summit (WHS) took place in a political context of great hope and serious alarm. Immense strides were made at the UN General
More informationGlobal Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza. 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme
Global Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme Summary of Current H5N1 Situation 1997 First known outbreak infecting humans 18 people hospitalized
More informationWHO Liaison Office with UN ESCAP Bangkok
Emerging Health Issues At Asia Europe Final Review of the Almaty Programme of Action for the Landlocked Developing Countries 5 7 March 2013, Vientiane, Lao PDR Khalil Rahman WHO Liaison Office with UN
More informationDeveloping a Rights-Based Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in India
University of Chicago Center in Delhi Developing a Rights-Based Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in India Organizers United States: Evan Lyon, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department
More informationHealth Task Force Workplan
2006/SOM 3/HTF/021 Agenda Item: VI Health Task Force Workplan 2006-2007 Purpose: Information Submitted by: Chair Health Task Force Meeting Da Nang, Viet Nam 14 15 September 2006 APEC HEALTH TASK FORCE
More informationCONTACTS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTACTS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Snohomish Health District Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Analysis and publication: Hollianne Bruce, MPH Program Manager: Amy Blanchard, RN, BSN Communicable
More informationTHE Price of a Pandemic 2017
THE Price of a Pandemic 2017 From 2000-2015: 33 million people died because of TB at a global economic cost of $617bn This report was produced the Global TB Caucus, an international network of over 2,000
More informationDRAFT CCH III. Reduction of new infections and morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases
DRAFT CCH III PROGRAMME AREA: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES GOALS Reduction of new infections and morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases Mitigate the individual, societal and economic effects of
More informationOPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK. for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health
OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health Every Woman Every Child 2016 OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK for the Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents
More informationThe Influence of Zoonotic Diseases on Human Health
The Influence of Zoonotic Diseases on Human Health................... Richard Rusk, DVM, MD, MPH Medical Officer of Health Manitoba Health June 4, 2012 OBJECTIVES Brief history of zoonotic diseases and
More informationTUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS: A STRATEGY FOR THE CONTROL OF A DUAL EPIDEMIC IN THE WHO AFRICAN REGION. Report of the Regional Director.
30 August 2007 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Fifty-seventh session Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, 27 31 August Provisional agenda item 7.8 TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS: A STRATEGY FOR THE
More informationOverview Existing, Emerging, and Re-Emerging Communicable Diseases
Overview Existing, Emerging, and Re-Emerging Communicable Diseases Many communicable diseases have existed with us since the beginning of time. Communicable diseases, which are infections we catch from
More information