i) after leaving the convention and going to different parts of the states to resume their everyday lives

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1 Group 3 Warner Killer Germs Chapter Outline 1) Lyme Disease: Getting Ticked Off a) History i) Lyme disease was first discovered in Lyme, Connecticut, of October After studying he concluded Lyme came from oarnge-brown tick called Ixodes. b) A Tick's Life i) Ticks are ectoparasites; meaning they live on their host instead of inside it. They feed on warm blooded animals such as birds or mammals. i It goes through three stages of life: eggs, larvae, nymph, and adult. iv) The nymph is usually what causes Lyme disease. 2) Legionnaires Disease i) after leaving the convention and going to different parts of the states to resume their everyday lives i iv) within several weeks 34 of the members that attended the convention turned up dead. the disease come to be known as legionnaire s disease. it was a unknown form of pneumonia. v) august 2 the state health department was notified and an alert was issued. vi) symptoms include: v general malaise(flulike symptoms):loss of appetite muscle pains head aches and low grade fever b) Symptoms i) chest and abdominal pains, diarrhea, nausea spike in fever--up to 105 degrees -----with shaking chills i dry cough

2 3) iv) pneumonia v) mental confusion or delirium vi) kidneys and liver were commonly involved a) illness lasted 7-10 days i) men were 3 times more susceptible than women i iv) smokers alcoholics and the elderly were more common as well bellevue stratford hotel was heavily suspected as the source infectious diseases can be transmitted as follow person to person an athropod or other animal bite ingested food or water a break in the skin v) cdc tested lung tissue from people who died from legionnaries disease for possible pathogens vi) v negative findings caused investigators to suspect a virus after months of work and 2 million dollars spent the worlds top disease detectives had still failed to find the cause of legionnaries 4)Chains of Death b) Streptococci are gram positive spherical bacteria that grow in chains, like a string of pearls. i) there are more than eighty different strains of group A strep. the strep A bacterium is responsible for more human disease than any other. i a few strains, however, have become extremely aggressive, producing powerful toxins and enzymes that can cause death before antibiotics have a chance to work. these extremely aggressive types are known collectively as invasive group A strep (IGAS) and include those with a taste for human flesh. 5) Statistics c) GAS came into prominence in early 1994

3 i) according to studies conducted by the CDC, invasive strep infects ten fifteen thousand people in the United States annually Invasive strep, overall, kills two or three thousand Americans each year 4) Time is of the Essence i) the disease is generally contracted through a break in the skin, which becomes infected with the invasive strep microbe. i iv) people who have strep throats or other strep infections are more susceptible because they are already harboring a related infection and risk contracting the more virulent IGAS through reinfection the elderly are more susceptible, as those who have been ill recently or who are on immunosuppressant drugs, because of their compromised immune systems. once the wound has become infected with IGAS, the disease progresses with amazing rapidity v) victims literally see their flesh being devoured. flesh eating group A strep infections have been given the fancy name necrotizing fasciitis vi) in most cases the bug just eats or more accurately, dissolves whatever is around muscle, flesh, organs. v in 1990 Jim Henson, creator of the Muppets died of TSS, induced by aggressive group A strep toxins vi ix) the problem with treating IGAS infections is that they kill so quickly Antibiotics are effective against them, but they can take up forty-eight hours to kick in. By that time it may be too late; the disease can kill within hours. x) if possible, wash, disinfect, and dress the wound as quickly as possible. xi) x if the area surrounding the wound reddens or becomes swollen- and especially if it increases in size or if fever or flulike symptoms develop, see a doctor immediately xi though the disease is relatively rare, it can kill b) Prevention i) dr. vincent fischetti, a brooklyn born microbiologist, has been doing

4 battle with streptococcus for some forty years he discovered a vaccine that has proved effective in preventing strep infections in laboratory animals. as of may 2002, the vaccine is in human clinical trials LYME 5) lyme is contracted from a type of ticks also known as Ixodes and is caused by a bacterium --a spirochete-- carried by these ticks. 6) given name Lyme after the town of Lyme, Connecticut were the first cases reported in October, ) The ticks are Ectoparasitic, meaning the live on there host rather than inside. 8) Stages include egg, larva, Nymph (90% of Lyme cause by ticks in this stage), and Adult (are more noticeable and can be easily removed before infected. 9) Lyme disease has three stages: (1) rash and flu like symptoms, (2) Heart and nervous system disorders, (3) and in final stages arthritis. 10) Though it follows this pattern, it can (and usually does) not have the evident symptoms expected giving. 11) it is named the great imposter because it can imitate 80 other illnesses most commonly the flue. 12) a 4 ½ year study conducted by Dr. Steere underscored the difficulty in the diagnosis of Lyme. 788 were referred to lyme clinic, only 180 had active lyme disease. In the test 45 percent of people without Lyme disease tested positive for it. 13) Lyme is not a killer, but the damage it causes can hasten death. 14) Usually treated with wide spectrum of antibiotics including penicillin, tetracylines, and intravenios antibiotics 15) Lyme disease cost society over $1 billion every year from misdiagnosis. 16) to prevent lyme disease, don t get bitten by an infectios tick (easier said than done) 17) always wear socks and shoes, long pants, and use insecticide containing deet. 18) the ticks carring lyme can travel long distances by attaching to birds

5 19) another similar tick spread disease called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), or ehrlichia is imitating the great imposter. 20)HGE is symtoms resemble that of Lyme very closely except for that there is no rash and symtoms are more acute and prove deadly. it has a 5% fatality rate. 21) Flesh eating disease 22) This bacteria can cause a simple paper cut to become deadly 23) Streptacocci are gram-positive sphirical bacteria that grow in chains, secrearing toxins as they do. 24) depending on the chemicals secreted and how they affected the red blood cells they were classified as Alfa(a), Beta(b), And Gamma(y). out of these b conserns us 25) further clasifications can be made on the depending on the nature of the chemicals i the cell wall (a-o) and of these a conserns us. So B-hemolytic group A Streptacoccus is our culpret 26) 80 different strains of group a exsist, and this group is resposible for causing more diseases than any other group a is especialy vonerable to antibiotict 27)The Great Imposter 28) A person gets Lyme disease after being bitten by an infected deer tick 29) The three stages are: rash and flu like symptoms, heart and nervous system disorders, and arthritis 30) Lyme disease mimics about so other sicknesses 31) The variability of symptoms make it hard to diagnose the disease treatment 32) Lyme disease isn t a killer disease 33)Lyme disease can be treated successfully with a number of antibiotics taken orally, including penicillins, tetracyclines, and Cephalo sporins. 34) Prevention 35) There is one obvious way to prevent Lyme disease: dont get bitten by an infected tick 36) There has been one vaccine against Lyme disease called LYMErix

6 37) The vaccine lasted for three and a half years ( ) 38) The vaccine was taken off the market one to poor sales 39) Distribution 40) The first case of Lyme disease was discovered in a small town in Connecticut in ) Today it infects people in forty-nine states, in nineteen other countries, and on every continent except Antarctica 42) Imitating the Great Imposter 43) In the past decade, another tick-borne disease has emerged: human granulocytic hrlichiosis (HGE) or ehrlichia