Dr. Von Behring's Booklet

Transcription

1 Dr. Von Behring's Booklet Team Pack II AUTHORS: DEVELOPED BY: Parker A. Small, Jr., M.D. The Center for Cooperative Learning Natalie Small, Ph.D. University of Florida Anita Smart, M.A.E SW 34th St., Suite 323 Gainesville, FL These materials were developed by the University of Florida College of Medicine Center for Cooperative Learning with the support of the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine. by the Center for Cooperative Learning 1995

2 Von Behring 2 These Health Promotion/ Disease Prevention materials provided free to Suwannee River AHEC region teachers courtesy of: and North Florida AHEC Program Produced by: The Center for Cooperative Learning 5700 SW 34th Street, Ste. 323 Gainesville FL FAX

3 Von Behring 3 DIRECTIONS: For this Team Pack, each of you will play a different doctor. After introducing yourselves in Round 1, you will all discuss who needs vaccines, what immunization laws are appropriate, and smallpox eradication. Begin by detaching, folding, and placing your namecard sheet (last page) in front of you. Also detach the Data Sheet. Round 1: Taking Turns Making Introductions Listen to Drs. Jenner, Pasteur, and Koch; and complete their Round 1 boxes on your Data Sheet. Then read: "I am Dr. Emil Von Behring (pronounced von bearing), ( ), a famous German physician. I discovered antibodies. Other scientists thought that immunity happened when germs ran out of food. But I showed that immunity was due to the presence of something new in the blood, not the absence of "food". I named that new substance antibody. I received the first Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1900 for this work. Read: This is a very important experiment. I will summarize it while everyone looks at the Round 1 drawing on the Data Sheet. I took serum (the liquid part of blood) from an animal that had been immunized against tetanus and was therefore immune to (safe from) tetanus. I injected a normal, non-immune, rabbit with the serum (injection #1). I then injected that rabbit with tetanus bacteria (injection #2). The rabbit lived. Everyone should circle "lived" on the drawing. In the control experiment, I injected the normal control rabbit with the tetanus bacteria (injection #3), and that rabbit died. Everyone should circle "died" on the drawing. Someone please tell us what the control experiment showed. (Wait for answer.) Answer: The tetanus bacteria kills rabbits. Someone tell us what the experiment showed. (Wait for answer.) Answer: That something in the serum protected the animal, that is, made the animal immune.

4 Von Behring 4 Everybody should now answer the four Round 1 questions on your Data Sheets. (Pause while you and they fill in answers.) Let's see if our answers are correct: 1. No, the immunity is specific for the disease. When you recover from measles or are immunized for measles, you are immune to measles, but not to flu or chickenpox. 2. Yes, this immunity can be transferred by serum. 3. No, serum from a non-immune animal has no antibody. 4. Antibody Round 1 Introductions are now complete. For Round 2, we should each fill in the blanks on the Concept Map on the Data Sheet and then discuss our answers." Round 2: Summarize by Filling In the Concept Map Fill in the blanks on the Concept map on your Data Sheet and......discuss the answers with your groupmates. When the Concept Map is complete, Dr. Jenner will begin Round 3. Round 3: Could You Have Discovered the Smallpox Vaccine Listen and record information as needed on your Data Sheet as each of the other doctors takes a turn...dr. Koch will tell you when to read your following Round 3 part: Read: "Dr. Jenner did these experiments 200 years ago. Smallpox immunization quickly spread throughout the world. Thomas Jefferson heard about it and wrote Dr. Jenner to ask him to send vaccine and instructions. When they arrived, Jefferson immunized the people who lived on his plantation. In 1806, Jefferson wrote to Jenner: "I (give) you a portion of the tribute of gratitude due to you from the whole human family. Medicine has never before produced any single improvement of such utility." Dr. Jenner, would you please begin Round 4 now

5 Von Behring 5 Round 4: Vaccines' Greatest Benefit - Disease Eradication Listen and record information as needed on your Data Sheet as each of the other doctors takes a turn...dr. Koch will tell you when to read your following Round 4 part: Read: "The US government stopped recommending smallpox vaccination in Therefore a baby born in 1972 would not have been vaccinated and would not have a smallpox vaccination scar. Ask: How old would that baby be today--and would that baby have been vaccinated Fill in your boxes for Round 4 - Question 4 on your Data Sheet. (Be sure you also fill them in.) Ask the group: "How does the date for stopping required vaccination, 1971, fit with the smallpox vaccination scar data you have collected on your worksheet Everyone in your group discusses; then you read the following: Read: It took the power of the World Health Organization (WHO) to get all the countries of the world to start vaccination programs. Thanks to the WHO and many dedicated people, the last case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in In May 1980, the World Health Assembly certified that the world was free of naturally occurring smallpox. This means we don t even need to vaccinate anybody for smallpox any more. The virus could only live in people. Once the last person had recovered, the virus was extinct, just like the dinosaur. This is why no student in our class has a smallpox vaccination scar, but grandparents do. Dr. Jenner, would you please begin Round 5 now." Round 5: Who Needs Vaccines (Keep listening and recording on your Data Sheet as needed. Dr. Pasteur will tell you when you ask your Round 5 questions.) Read: "Adults also need vaccines. Children and adults get teta-

6 Von Behring 6 nus shots when they get cuts. People 65 years or older are more likely to die if they get flu (influenza) or pneumonia. Doctors advise that they need only ONE pneumonia vaccine shot, but need a flu shot each year. Flu vaccines don't always stop infection or spread, but they do prevent death and make the illness less serious. Ask the group: "Should flu and pneumonia shots be mandatory for the elderly Is your answer different for these adult immunizations than for childrens' immunizations If so, why" Everyone in your group discusses; then you read the following idea. Answer: "Because flu vaccines protect the immunized person from death but do not always stop the spread to other people, there is less reason for mandatory vaccination laws for adults. Put another way, current flu vaccines do not give as much herd immunity as do children's vaccines. Fill in question 4 for Round 5 on your data sheets." Ask the group: Can you think of any discovery that has saved more lives than smallpox vaccination Remember that almost everybody got infected, and that smallpox killed about 25% of all infected people." Everyone in your group discusses. "Many doctors think that the discovery of smallpox vaccination is the single most important discovery in the history of medicine. They can think of nothing that has saved more lives. Let's try to think of some other diseases that could be eradicated with appropriate worldwide immunization programs. Everyone in your group discusses. No answers will need to be recorded for this. Read: So who needs vaccines We all do, to protect ourselves and our friends and families. Worldwide vaccination programs can even lead to eradication of some but not all infectious diseases."

7 Von Behring 7 Data Sheet - Student Name: Round 1: Taking Turns Making Introductions Jenner Pasteur Koch Von Behring Discovered what: Proving Antibodies Provide Immunity - Led by Dr. Von Behring. (Only your copy has circles.) (Circle the correct outcome.) Injection #1 Injection #2 Injection #3 Serum Outcome = Outcome = Live or Die Live or Die Immune Non-immune Test Tube Non-Immune Immunized Before injection of Germs Control 1. If Von Behring had transferred serum from an animal immune to tetanus to a nonimmune animal, would the recipient animal be immune to diphtheria Write Yes or No 2. If Von Behring had transferred serum from an animal immune to diphtheria to a non-immune animal, would the recipient animal be immune to diphtheria Yes or No 3. If Von Behring had transferred serum from a non-immune animal to another non-immune animal, would that animal have been protected against tetanus Yes or No 4. What was the substance in the blood named Round 2: Concept Map 1. Fill in the blanks on this concept map by yourself. 2. Then compare concept maps and discuss your answers. Infectious Diseases Caused by Germs such as Usually Treated With Antibiotics Fungi Parasites Example Example Example Example Tetanus Measles Athlete s Foot Tapeworm Immunization Causes Body To Make Prevented by Infectious Diseases Behavior such as Drinking Clean Water Avoiding Dirty Needles Sex Spread by Through Skin Handwashing Air When everyone has finished discussing the Concept Map, read: "Dr. Jenner, please begin Round 3."

8 Von Behring 8 Student Name: Data Sheet - Round 3: Could You Have Discovered the Smallpox Vaccine What Dr. Jenner Knew led by Dr. Jenner Smallpox patient Severe smallpox (1) (2) person Mild smallpox (3) & thereafter immunity % died Dr. Pasteur's Questions: 1. Did milkmaids have smallpox scars (Write Yes or No) 2. If scratched with smallpox pus, did the milkmaids get smallpox Yes/No 3. What hypothesis did this prove What Dr. Jenner Did - Led by Dr. Koch Cow with cowpox Person with smallpox (A) (B) (A) and (B) are people who never have had cowpox or smallpox Round 4: Vaccines' Greatest Benefit - Disease Prevention (Put each student's own personal answer in his/her doctor's box.) 1. Jenner asks - Do you have a vaccination scar (Yes/No/) 2. Pasteur asks - Do either of your parents have a vaccination scar (Yes/No/) 3. Koch asks - Do any of your grandparents or older family members have a smallpox vaccination scar (Yes/No/) 4. Von B. asks - How old would a baby born in 1972 be today Would that baby have been vaccinated against smallpox Round 5: Who Needs Vaccines 1. Jenner asks - Should vaccination against children's diseases be mandatory (Yes/No/) 2. Pasteur asks - Should any group be exempted (Yes/No/) 3. Koch asks - Should children decide about their own vaccinations If so, at what age (Answer No or enter age) 4. Von B. asks - Should vaccination against influenza and pneumonia be mandatory (Yes/No/) Jenner Pasteur Koch Von Behring

9 NAMECARD PAGE: Remove this page from booklet, fold on the dotted lines, and place in front of you as your name card. This section should be on the bottom. Cooperative Learning: m Cooperative Learning: Fold on both dotted lines. c h A pp r oa T ea Von Behring 9 T he T he T ea m Dr. Emil Von Behring ( ) Discovered antibody by showing that blood serum taken from immune animals protected Dr. Emil Von Behring ( ) Discovered antibody Showed that blood serum taken from immune animals and given to non-immune animals protected them from disease A pp r oa c h Dr. Emil Von Behring ( ) Discovered antibody Showed that blood serum taken from immune animals and given to non-immune animals protected them from disease