Special Topics in Disease Ecology

Transcription

1 Special Topics in Disease Ecology BIOL 381 Course Instructor Dr. Doug Woodhams, Assistant Professor Office hours: M W 3:00-4:00 or by appointment Integrated Sciences Complex 5760, dwoodhams@gmail.com Invited Speakers Dr. Rob Brucker, Harvard University - symbiosis Olaf Hajek, The New York Times Meeting time and place MWF 12:00-12:50 McCormack M Required Text Schmid-Hempel, P Evolutionary Parasitology. "The pathogen is nothing. The terrain is everything." -Louis Pasteur 1

2 Disease Ecology and Evolution Course Description The ecology and evolution of infectious diseases encompasses interactions among hosts, pathogens and parasites, and their environments. Disease emergence, including zoonotic diseases spread from wildlife to humans, is increasing with ecological change. Thus, prediction and prevention of disease outbreaks depends on understanding not only human and veterinary medicine, but also the ecological and evolutionary framework. Assignments 1) Drawing assignment: Pathogens and Parasites 2) Group presentation 1: Choose a wildlife disease and focus on disease causation in terms of host, pathogen, and environmental factors and mode of transmission. 3) Writing assignment 1: How is disease ecology and evolution related to the concepts of one health and conservation medicine? 4) Computer lab assignment: Disease dynamics modeling. 5) Individual presentation: Teach us about a unique immune defense mechanism Students will be given an overview of the variety and ubiquity of disease systems, and introduced to conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of disease causation, transmission, emergence, management, and host-parasite coevolution. Because the field is highly interdisciplinary, we will study basic principles of comparative and ecological immunology, parasitology, microbial ecology, epidemiology and spatial modeling, genetics and genomics, and current methodological approaches to disease ecology research in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial systems. This course includes a strong writing component, as well as group projects and student-led discussions of primary literature. Students involved in disease-related research may choose to utilize assignments to advance their research goals. 6) Writing assignment 2: Design a creative disease management strategy and either 1) convince public stakeholders with an editorial, 2) apply for research grant funding, 3) apply for permits from a wildlife management agency, or 4) apply for IACUC approval. 7) Group presentation 2: Describe a method used in disease ecology research. 8) Take-home written exam. As we start each unit, Dr. Woodhams will provide templates for the presentations and assignments, the rubric for grading, and more specific instructions. 2

3 Disease Ecology and Evolution Grading Scale Grade A AB+ B BC+ C CD+ D DF Grade points Percentage Below 60 The final grade will be given as a letter based on a percentage of 200 points, 20 points for each assignment and participation, and 40 points for the exam. Whoever wishes to investigate medicine properly, should proceed thus: in the first place to consider the seasons of the year, and what effects each of them produces for they are not at all alike, but differ much from themselves in regard to their changes. Then the winds, the hot and the cold, especially such as are common to all countries, and then such as are peculiar to each locality. We must also consider the qualities of the waters, for as they differ from one another in taste and weight, so also do they differ much in their qualities. In the same manner, when one comes into a city to which he is a stranger, he ought to consider its situation, how it lies as to the winds and the rising of the sun; for its influence is not the same whether it lies to the north or the south, to the rising or to the setting sun. From these things he must proceed to investigate everything else. For if one knows all these things well, or at least the greater part of them, he cannot miss knowing, when he comes into a strange city, either the diseases peculiar to the place, or the particular nature of common diseases, so that he will not be in doubt as to the treatment of the diseases, or commit mistakes, as is likely to be the case provided one had not previously considered these matters. And in particular, as the season and the year advances, he can tell what epidemic diseases will attack the city, either in summer or in winter, and what each individual will be in danger of experiencing from the change of regimen. For knowing the changes of the seasons, the risings and settings of the stars, how each of them takes place, he will be able to know beforehand what sort of a year is going to ensue. - Airs, Waters and Places, Hippocrates 3

4 Scholastic Dishonesty Students who engage in scholastic dishonesty will be subject to disciplinary penalties, including the possibility of failure in the course and expulsion from the university. Scholastic dishonesty includes but is not limited to cheating, plagiarism, submission for credit of any work or materials that are attributable (in whole or in part) to another person, or any act designed to give unfair advantage to a student. The corpse flower, Rafflesia arnoldii, is a holoparasite found in the rainforests of Indonesia. The plant is non-photosyntheic and usually parasitizes the vine Tetrastigma. Producing the largest flower Lorem in the world, Ipsum the Dolor scent of rotting flesh attracts insect pollinators, and tree shrews eat the fruit and disperse seeds. Technology policy Scholastic dishonesty harms the individual, all students and the integrity of the university. I will enforce policies on scholastic dishonesty so please do not test me. Your grade, academic standing and personal reputation are at stake. Entomopathogenic fungi can manipulate host behavior, are host specific and highly virulent. They are sometimes used as biocontrol agents against plant pests such as locusts. Computer programs for learning disease ecology and evolution are great. Texting, ing, instant messaging and other activities unrelated to class are not great... and not allowed. I will confiscate devices if I must. 4

5 Useful websites Wildlife Disease News Digest Ecology of Disease course, UC Santa Barbara Parasite Ecology blog National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Center for Disease Control Wildlife Disease Association U.S. Geological Survey - Wildlife Disease The American Phytopathological Society Diseases.shtml Diseases of Fungi Reserved at the Healey Library Aguirre AA, Ostfeld R, & Daszak P New Directions in Conservation Medicine: Applied Cases of Ecological Health Brooks DR Parascript: parasites and the language of evolution. Cooper, E.L. Comparative Immunology Dunn R The Wild Life of Our Bodies: Predators, Parasites, and Partners That Shape Who We Are Today Ewald PW Evolution of infectious disease. Goater TM, Goater CR & Esch GW Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites. Hudson PJ, Rizzoli A, Grenfell BT & Heesterbeek H The Ecology of Wildlife Diseases. Malagoli, D. & Ottaviani, E. Eco-immunology: Evolutive Aspects and Future Perspectives Moore, J Parasites and the behavior of animals. Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York. Murray PR. Rosenthal KS & Pfaller MA Medical Microbiology. Playfair, J. & Bancroft, G. Infection and Immunity, 4 th Edition. Roberts L, Janovy J & Nadler S Foundations of Parasitology. Slonczewski L & Foster JW Microbiology: An Evolving Science. Sompayrac LM How the Immune System Works. Zimmer, C Parasite Rex: Inside the bizarre world of nature s most dangerous creatures. Touchstone Pub.: New York, NY. 5

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