The Impact of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Recycling on Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets
|
|
- Imogene Dorsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 7 September, 2014 The Impact of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Recycling on Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets Faisal Ismail Bahnasi 1 ; Aida Nur Ashikin Abd Rahman 2* ; Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan 3 1 PhD Candidate, Centre of Studies of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Senior Lecturer, Centre of Studies of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 3 Dean, Professor, Centre of Studies in Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Corresponding Author: *Dr. Aida Nur Ashikin Abd Rahman Address: Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. aida_nurashikin@salam.uitm.edu.my Sponsoring information: This study was supported by UITM Research Intensive Faculty UiTM Grant 600-RMI/DANA 5/3/RIF (572/2012). Abstract Objectives: to assess Er,Cr:YSGG laser method of recycling brackets, to evaluate SBS of new, recycled and repeated-recycled brackets with/without bracket base primer. Methods: 120-extracted teeth/brackets were randomly divided into six-groups. Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used in four-groups while the last two-groups were control. Repeated recycling was done in two-groups and primer was applied on brackets bases for two-groups. Brackets were subjected to shear force until debond and SBS was measured. Results: There was no significant difference between mean SBS of the new and recycled brackets using laser. Brackets with primer showed slightly higher SBS compared to those without bonding agent. While repeated recycled brackets showed slightly lower SBS compared to new and recycled brackets. Conclusion: Recycling brackets using laser can be used as an alternative to new brackets. It is recommended to apply bonding agent on the bracket-base to provide greater bond strength in case of higher bond strength is needed. Keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG laser; Recycling; SBS; Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets 1
2 European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: Introduction Development of modern adhesive materials has led to the widespread use of bonded attachment in fixed appliances. Composite resin is the most popular orthodontic adhesive because of good bond strength (Sunna & Rock, 1999). These adhesives are used currently in orthodontic treatment to bond brackets to teeth surfaces. There are different types of orthodontic brackets present in the market. Orthodontic brackets could be manufactured from stainless steel or aesthetic material as: ceramic or plastic. Metal brackets are cheaper than ceramic and easy to be recycled to reuse it again in case of bond failure or repositioning of brackets. Orthodontic bracket bond failure is common during orthodontic treatment. It could be due to salivary contamination during bonding procedure, heavy occlusal force especially in case of deep bite or traumatic occlusion, defect in bonding technique or inadequate polymerization of adhesive material. In addition to iatrogenic bond failure; brackets repositioning could be done by the clinician when they want to reposition brackets as in rotated tooth when bracket bonded more mesial or distal, or during finishing stage for proper detailing. To decrease the cost of orthodontic treatment; any debonded bracket can be recycled by different methods to provide a second alternative to new brackets (Wendl, Muchitsch, Pichelmayer, Droschl, & Kern, 2011). Cost effectiveness will be especially when use good quality expensive orthodontic brackets. The previous adhesive material can be removed from bracket mesh by different methods such as: sandblasting, grinding, thermal and chemical; or using laser as a new method of recycling. If SBS of recycled orthodontic bracket is not enough to withstand the occlusal force, bond failure will take place. Multiple orthodontic visits for rebonding of recycled brackets are time and material consuming; this may cost more than replacing the failed bracket with a new one. The main advantage of reused orthodontic brackets is cost saving. However there are a number of disadvantages such as: possibility of bracket distortion due to high occlusal force or during debonding process in case of brackets repositioning (Matasa, 1989); method of recycling process is time consuming; and lower SBS of recycled brackets in certain methods as direct flame (Quick, Harris, & Joseph, 2005). Various techniques have been employed for recycling metal orthodontic brackets. Different methods of reconditioning and removing adhesive remnants from stainless steel brackets bases orthodontic brackets were done. Green stone or dental bur grinding is a simple method of recycling, however, others evaluated that it may provide insufficient SBS rates (Basudan & Al-Emran, 2001; Quick et al., 2005). Direct flame was recommended as a simple and effective method of recycling brackets (Basudan & Al-Emran, 2001). However, Quick et al evaluated that direct flame had a low SBS (Quick et al., 2005). Aluminum oxide sandblasting is the most popular method. Different studies indicated that the sandblasting method of recycling achieved enough SBS when compared to new brackets (Basudan & Al-Emran, 2001; Faltermeier & Behr, 2009; Khosravanifard, Nemati-Anaraki, Nili, & Rakhshan, 2011; Lunardi et al., 2008; Sonis, 1996; Tavares et al., 2006). Laser has dental and medical applications. It can be used as a new method of recycling orthodontic brackets. Ishida et al used Er,Cr:YSGG laser and he concluded that it was an efficient method in removing adhesive from bracket bases, so the brackets can be used again, with good SBS (Ishida, Endo, Shinkai, & Katoh, 2011). Ahrari et al used Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in reconditioning metal orthodontic brackets, and he evaluated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser was efficient in removing adhesive from bracket bases, and resulted in significantly higher bond strength than for new brackets (Ahrari, Basafa, Fekrazad, Mokarram, & Akbari, 2012). It was evaluated that the SBS of ceramic orthodontic brackets after reconditioning with an Er, Cr: YSGG laser was efficient in removing adhesive from bases of debonded 2
3 European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 7 September, 2014 ceramic brackets as it produced comparable bond strengths to new brackets (Ahrari, Fekrazad, Kalhori, & Ramtin, 2013). Reusing loose brackets after reconditioning is common; however, in case of second bracket bond failure to the same bracket, the clinician may prefer to use a new one instead of reusing the old one for a second time because they scared of distortion of bracket s base after repeating the procedure of reconditioning. This study was focused on the SBS of new, recycled and repeated recycled stainless steel orthodontic brackets to enamel surfaces using Er,Cr:YSGG laser; and the effect of bonding agent application to bracket base on the SBS of new, recycled and repeated recycle stainless steel orthodontic brackets. 2. Material and methods A total number of 120 extracted human premolar teeth were collected and all blood and adherent tissues were removed from the teeth. Teeth selected should be sound and free from any visible defects or restorations. 120 new stainless steel upper premolar orthodontic brackets (Unitek Gemini Bracket, Micro- Etch Base, 3M Unitek orthodontic products, USA) were used. The total number of 120 orthodontic brackets and 120 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into six Groups (I-VI). The description of the groups was in Table 1. Bonding agent (Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesive Primer, 3M Unitek, USA) was applied to paper pad. Composite resin (3M Unitek Transbond XT Light Cure Composite, USA) was applied on 80 brackets. Brackets were positioned on the paper with gentle pressure and excess adhesive was removed with explorer. Polymerization was carried out using Light-emitting diode (LED) (SDI radii- cal) for 20s (10s for each side mesial and distal). The bonded brackets were separated from the paper pad using tweezers with light pressure. All 80 brackets were stored for distilled water for 24h at 37 C, and then they were subjected to the thermocycling using Automatic Thermocycling Dipping Machine (ATDM T6PD, Zecttron Sdn. Bhd.) for 500 cycles in distilled water between 5 C and 55 C. The exposure to each bath will be 20s and the transfer time between baths will be 5s (ISO/TS 11405:2003 E/ ). 2.1 Laser method of recycling The 80 brackets were recycled using Waterlase MD TM laser method (Waterlase, Biolase Technology, Irvine, CA, USA) to remove composite adhesive from the brackets bases. Waterlase laser uses a combination of Er,Cr3+:YSGG laser energy and water. It has a wavelength of 2780 nm. Removing of composite adhesive was done from a distance of 1mm away from the tip using 40 % water and 55 % air spray. The repetition rate was 30 Hz, and the power was 4 W. the duration of cleaning was for 20-30s depend on the amount of adhesive remaining. The procedure was followed until bonding resin was totally removed from the bracket base and was no longer visible to the naked eye. 2.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation The orthodontic brackets bases were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Carl Zeiss SMT model: SUPRA 40 VP) at magnification 100X and 300X to compare the distortion after recycling procedure with the new brackets base. 2.3 Repeated recycled procedure The 40 brackets were recycled twice with the above method using the same ways of bonding and debonding, to evaluate the effect of repeated recycled brackets on SBS of orthodontic brackets. 3
4 European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: Bracket mesh bonding agent To evaluate the effect of adding bonding agent on on SBS of orthodontic brackets, light cure orthodontic adhesive primer was applied to the half of the all orthodontic brackets bases. 2.5 Teeth sample preparation The teeth were embedded horizontally in die stone in a plastic ring. The teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel for 15s (Unitek Etching Gel Syringe Delivery System 35% phosphoric acid by weight, 3M Unitek orthodontic products, USA), were thoroughly rinsed with water for 15s and the surfaces were thoroughly dried with a light/brief of air (oil and water free). Adhesive Primer was applied to the buccal surface of each tooth, thinned with gentle stream of air. Composite resin was applied to all bracket bases. The brackets were then firmly pressed to teeth surfaces with a plastic instrument and the excess adhesive was removed with an explorer before curing. Polymerization was carried out using LED light, and both mesial and distal sides were cured for 10s each. The light intensity of LED is 1800 Mw/cm². The power of device was calibrated before every cure using a dose meter device (SDI radiometer). 2.6 SBS determination After photo polymerization, the sample were subjected to a shear force within 30 minutes to simulate the clinical situation with a universal testing machine (Shimadzu Trapezium X, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto-Japan) until the bracket debonds with a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The force in Newton (N) was recorded, and the stress was calculated by dividing the force in Newton/surface area and calculated in MPa. The surface area of the premolar bracket was measured mm². The teeth were examined by SEM at magnification 30X using SEM (HITACHI TM3000). Any remaining adhesive were assessed with the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores according to Artun and Bergland (Årtun & Bergland, 1984), with criteria illustrated in Table 2. σ = F/A = N/mm² Where: σ = Stress F= Force in Newton A= Surface area in mm² 2.7 Data analysis for Groups I-VI The mean SBS, standard deviation, and range were calculated for each of the six groups, and the data was subjected to statistical analysis to identify significant differences in means SBS between sub-groups. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). ANOVA was used; the level of significance was established at P < Results It can be observed that Group 4 had the highest mean (12.1) with SD 3.59 which means that the Laser method with bonding agent applied greater SBS (Figure 1). One of the assumptions of the one-way ANOVA is that the variances between the groups are similar. The Test of Homogeneity of Variances showed the result of Levene's Test of Homogeneity of Variance. It can be observed that the Levene's F Statistic had a significance value of (p <.05) which indicated that the assumption of homogeneity of variance had not been met. The Robust Tests of Equality of Means was done to test the homogeneity of variance. 4
5 European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 7 September, 2014 Since the p-value as highlighted in grey is less than.05, there were significant differences between the 6 groups. To be able to determine which specific groups differed, the multiple comparisons table was done which showed only significance difference between groups 4 and 5 ( p = 0.049). 3.1 Adding bonding agent: o The mean SBS for Group 2, 4 and 6 were higher but not significantly different from Group 1, 3 and 5 respectively. 3.2 Repeated recycling: o The mean SBS for Group 3 and 4 were higher but not significantly different from Group 5 and 6 respectively. 3.3 SEM and ARI evaluation Figure 2 showed the evaluation of the orthodontic brackets bases (new, laser, and repeated laser recycling method) under the scanning electron microscope at magnification 100X and 300X. To calculate the percentage of the area occupied with composite remnant on the tooth surface after debonding; the area of composite covering the bracket base was subtracted from 100%. Table 3 showed the ARI off all groups. 4. Discussion The mean SBS of all sub-groups were more than that recommended by Reynolds in 1975; (for brackets bonded to teeth to overcome intraoral and orthodontic forces, SBS in the range of 5.9 to 7.8 MPa was required) (Reynolds, 1975). No significant difference was noted in the mean SBS between the new and Er,Cr3+:YSGG laser recycled brackets; although the recycled one showed slightly higher bond strenght. This result was in agreement with (Ishida et al., 2011). However the findings of this study were not in agreement with that of (Ahrari et al., 2012); as he evaluated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser was resulted in significantly higher bond strength than for new brackets. 4.1 Adding bonding agent: The means SBS for Groups 2, 4 and 6 (with bonding agent) were slightly higher but not significantly different from Groups 1, 3 and 5 (without bonding agent) respectively. Even though the brackets recycled twice using Er,Cr:YSGG laser, but showed greater SBS than that for the new brackets (groups 1 and 2) after adding bonding agent to their bases. Adding bonding agent to the brackets bases gave greater bond strength between brackets and enamel teeth surfaces than without bonding agent. 4.2 Repeated recycling: The means SBS for Groups 3 and 4 (Laser method of recycling) were slightly higher but not significantly different from Groups 5 and 6 (Repeated Laser method of recycling) respectively. There was no significant difference between repeated Laser and the new brackets. Previous study showed significant difference between new brackets and brackets recycled using 50 mm aluminum oxide powder sandblasting (Bahnasi, Rahman, & Abu-Hassan, 2012). 5. Conclusion It can be concluded that: The mean SBS of all groups were more than that recommended by Reynolds (1975). Bracket recycling using Er,Cr3+:YSGG laser did not affect the SBS of stainless steel brackets and can be used as an alternative to new brackets. This could certainly cut cost. 5
6 European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: Repeated recycled brackets using Er,Cr3+:YSGG laser was not significantly different with the new brackets and can also be used instead of using a new one. Brackets with bonding agents applied to its bases showed higher but no significantly different from the brackets without bonding agent. It is recommend applying bonding agent on the bracket-base to provide greater bond strength in case of higher bond strength is needed. 6. Acknowledgement This study was supported by UITM Research Intensive Faculty UiTM Grant 600-RMI/DANA 5/3/RIF (572/2012). 7. References Ahrari, F., Basafa, M., Fekrazad, R., Mokarram, M., & Akbari, M. (2012). The efficacy of Er, Cr: YSGG laser in reconditioning of metallic orthodontic brackets. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 30(1), Ahrari, F., Fekrazad, R., Kalhori, K. A., & Ramtin, M. (2013). Reconditioning of ceramic orthodontic brackets with an Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Lasers in Medical Science, 28(1), Årtun, J., & Bergland, S. (1984). Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acidetch enamel pretreatment. American Journal of Orthodontics, 85(4), Bahnasi, F. I., Rahman, A. N. A. A., & Abu-Hassan, M. I. (2012). The impact of recycling and repeated recycling on shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Orthodontic Waves. Basudan, A. M., & Al-Emran, S. E. (2001). The effects of in-office reconditioning on the morphology of slots and bases of stainless steel brackets and on the shear/peel bond strength. Journal of Orthodontics, 28(3), Faltermeier, A., & Behr, M. (2009). Effect of bracket base conditioning. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 135(1), 12. e e15. Ishida, K., Endo, T., Shinkai, K., & Katoh, Y. (2011). Shear bond strength of rebonded brackets after removal of adhesives with Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Odontology, 1-6. Khosravanifard, B., Nemati-Anaraki, S., Nili, S., & Rakhshan, V. (2011). Assessing the effects of three resin removal methods and bracket sandblasting on shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets and enamel surface. Orthodontic Waves, 70(1), Lunardi, N., Gameiro, G. H., Magnani, M. B. B. A., Nouer, D. F., de Siqueira, V. C. V., Consani, S., & Pereira-Neto, J. S. (2008). The effect of repeated bracket recycling on the shear bond strength of different orthodontic adhesives. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 7(27), Matasa, C. G. (1989). Pros and cons of the reuse of direct-bonded appliances. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 96(1), 72. Quick, A. N., Harris, A. M. P., & Joseph, V. P. (2005). Office reconditioning of stainless steel orthodontic attachments. The European Journal of Orthodontics, 27(3), Reynolds, I. (1975). A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthodont, 2, Sonis, A. L. (1996). Air abrasion of failed bonded metal brackets: a study of shear bond strength and surface characteristics as determined by scanning electron microscopy. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 110(1), Sunna, S., & Rock, W. (1999). An ex vivo investigation into the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and adhesive systems. Journal of Orthodontics, 26(1),
7 European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 7 September, 2014 Tavares, S. W., Consani, S., Nouer, D. F., Magnani, M., Nouer, P. R. A., & Martins, L. M. (2006). Shear bond strength of new and recycled brackets to enamel. Brazilian Dental Journal, 17(1), 44. Wendl, B., Muchitsch, P., Pichelmayer, M., Droschl, H., & Kern, W. (2011). Comparative bond strength of new and reconditioned brackets and assessment of residual adhesive by light and electron microscopy. The European Journal of Orthodontics, 33(3), Tables Table 1: The total six group s description Group Description Group 1 New orthodontic brackets (without bonding agent) (Control) Group 2 New orthodontic brackets (with bonding agent) (Control) Group 3 Laser recycling method (without bonding agent) Group 4 Laser recycling method (with bonding agent) Group 5 Repeated Laser recycling method (without bonding agent) Group 6 Repeated Laser recycling method (with bonding agent) Table 2: Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores according to Artun and Bergland (1984) as he scaled in four points Point Description 0 No adhesive left on the tooth 1 less than half of the adhesive left on the tooth 2 more than half of the adhesive left on the tooth 3 All adhesive left on the tooth with distinct impression of the bracket mesh Table 3: Frequency of percentage distribution of the ARI scores in the study groups. The percentage of the area occupied with composite remnant on the tooth surface after debonding was calculated as the area of composite covering the bracket base was subtracted from 100%. Group ARI = 0, No. (%) ARI = 1, No. (%) ARI = 2, No. (%) ARI = 3, No. (%) Group 1 0 (0.0) 7 (35.0) 11 (55.0) 2 (10.0) Group 2 0 (0.0) 5 (25.0) 13 (65.0) 2 (10.0) Group 3 1 (5.0) 10 (50.0) 9 (45.0) 0 (0.0) Group 4 2 (10.0) 12 (60.0) 6 (30.0) 0 (0.0) Group 5 0 (0.0) 4 (20.0) 13 (65.0) 3 (15.0) Group 3 0 (0.0) 8 (40.0) 12 (60.0) 0 (0.0) 7
8 European International Journal of Scien ence and Technology ISSN: Figures G 1 (New orthodontic dontic b brackets without bondingg agent) G 2 (New orthodontic dontic b brackets with bonding agent) G 3 (Laser recycling cling met method without bondingg agent) 6 4 G 4 (Laser recycling cling met method with bonding agent) gent) 2 G 5 (Repeated Laser recycling rec method withoutt bondin bonding agent) 0 G 6 (Repeated Laser recycling rec method with bonding onding aagent) Fig 1: Mean SBS (MPa) and Standard Deviation D (SD) for all groups. The mean SBS for or Group 2, 4 and 6 were higher but not significantly differen rent from Group 1, 3 and 5 respectively. The mean an SBS for Group 3 and 4 were higher but not significantly different d from Group 5 and 6 respectively. ia ii a iiii a ib ii b iiii b SEM) evaluation of the metal orthodontic bracket et bases of: new at Fig 2: Scanning electron microscopy (SE 100X (i.a) and 300X (i.b), laser recyclin ling method at 100X (ii.a) and 300X (ii.b), repeate ated laser recycling method at 100X (iii.a) and 300X (iii.b) 8
The Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1417 Emad Original F Al Maaitah Research et al The Effect of Different Bracket Base Cleaning Method on Shear Bond Strength of Rebonded Brackets Emad F Al Maaitah, Sawsan Alomari,
More informationA Comparative Study between Bond Strength of Rebonded and Recycled Orthodontic Brackets
1 A Comparative Study between Bond Strength of Rebonded and Recycled Orthodontic Brackets ABSTRACT F. Heravi DDS MS*, R. Naseh DDS MS** Introduction: A large number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the
More informationOriginal citation: Eslamian, Ladan, Borzabadi-Farahani, Ali, Tavakol, Pegah, Tavakol, Ali, Amini, Nazila and Lynch, Edward. (2015) Effect of multiple debonding sequences on shear bond strength of new stainless
More informationJ Lasers Med Sci 2017 Winter;8(1): Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Sandblasting in Recycling of Ceramic Brackets
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences J Lasers Med Sci 2017 Winter;8(1):17-21 http://www.journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jlms Original Article doi 10.15171/jlms.2017.04 Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Sandblasting in Recycling
More informationBonding characteristics of a self-etching primer and precoated brackets: an in vitro study
The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published February 22, 26 European Journal of Orthodontics of 5 doi:.9/ejo/cji7 The Author 26. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
More informationIncognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures
Incognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures 2 Incognito Appliance System Bonding Protocols Summary Bonding Protocols Step-by-Step Procedures Adhesives 3 Bonding Dual Cure, RelyX
More informationComparison of Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Porcelain Surface using Different Surface Conditioning Methods: An in vitro Study
10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1174 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Porcelain Surface using Different Surface Conditioning Methods: An in vitro Study PV Girish,
More informationShear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cured with Different Light Sources under Thermocycling
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cured with Different Light Sources under Thermocycling Oral Sokucu a Seyda Herguner Siso b Firat Ozturk c Ruhi Nalcaci d ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this
More informationTransbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Lunch and Learn
Unitek Bonding System Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Lunch and Learn Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive Agenda What is Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive? Why Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive?
More informationImmediate versus Delayed Force Application after Orthodontic Bonding; An In Vitro Study
Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Original Article Immediate versus Delayed Force Application after Orthodontic Bonding; An In Vitro Study M. Basafa 1, F. Farzanegan 2 1 Professor,
More informationEvaluation and comparison of shear bond strength of new and rebonded orthodontic brackets having various mesh base designs: An in vitro study
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 9 Ver. I (Sep. 2014), PP 20-26 Evaluation and comparison of shear bond strength of new and
More informationOffice reconditioning of stainless steel orthodontic attachments
European Journal of Orthodontics 27 (2005) 231 236 doi:10.1093/ejo/cjh100 The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontics Society. All rights reserved. For
More informationThe acid-etch technique has been widely used in
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of bond strength between orthodontic brackets bonded with halogen and plasma arc curing lights: An in-vitro and in-vivo study Michael D. Signorelli, a Elizabeth Kao, b Peter
More informationAn In-Vivo Comparison Of The Efficacy Between Direct And Indirect Bonding Methods
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dental Science Volume 13 Number 1 An In-Vivo Comparison Of The Efficacy Between Direct And Indirect Bonding Methods P Premanand, A J Shankar Citation P Premanand, A J
More informationShear Bond Strength of Acidic Primer, Light-Cure Glass Ionomer, Light-Cure and Self Cure Composite Adhesive Systems - An In Vitro Study
Shear Bond Strength of Acidic Primer, Light-Cure Glass Ionomer, Light-Cure and Self Cure Composite Adhesive Systems - An In Vitro Study Krishnakanth Reddy D 1, Kishore M S V 2, Safeena Safeena 3 1 Professor,
More informationThe effectiveness of paint remover to resin adhesive residue on base mesh of metal bracket
The effectiveness of paint remover to residue on base mesh of metal bracket (Sukarto Abubakar et al.) The effectiveness of paint remover to residue on base mesh of metal bracket Sukarto Abubakar, Bergman
More informationAssessment of the Confidence of the Adhesive Remnant Index Score With Different Methods
Original Article Assessment of the Confidence of the Adhesive Remnant Index Score With Different Methods A. Alper Öz; 1 * Sabahat Yazicioğlu; 2 Nursel Arici; 3 Berat Serdar Akdeniz; 4 Naci Murat; 5 and
More informationVarious whitening systems are currently being
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Can previously bleached teeth be bonded safely? Tancan Uysal, DDS, a Faruk Ayhan Basciftci, DDS, MS, b Serdar Üşümez, DDS, PhD, b Zafer Sari, DDS, PhD, b and Ahmet Buyukerkmen, DDS a Konya,
More informationA comparison of shear bond strength and mean survival time between treated and untreated mesh backed stainless steel brackets, an in-vitro assessment.
(J lnd Orthod Soc 2002; 35:124 128) RESEARCH ARTICLE - A comparison of shear bond strength and mean survival time between treated and untreated mesh backed stainless steel brackets, an in-vitro assessment.
More informationOriginal Research. Shear bond strength of new self etching primer (RSEP) Sorake A et al
Journal of International Oral Health 2015; 7(7):17-21 Received: 17 th January 2015 Accepted: 10 th April 2015 Conflicts of Interest: None Source of Support: Nil Original Research Comparison of Shear Bond
More informationOrthodontic In Vivo Bond Strength: Comparison with In Vitro Results
Original Article Orthodontic In Vivo Bond Strength: Comparison with In Vitro Results Kevin L. Pickett, DMD, MS a ; P. Lionel Sadowsky, DMD, BDS, Dip Ortho, M Dent b ; Alex Jacobson, DMD, MDS, MS, PhD c
More informationCOMPARISON BETWEEN MOLAR BANDS, BONDABLE TUBES AND BONDABLE TUBES WITH FLOWABLE COMPOSITE
COMPARISON BETWEEN MOLAR BANDS, BONDABLE TUBES AND BONDABLE TUBES WITH FLOWABLE COMPOSITE Azrul Hafiz AA*, Diana MZ, Fitri Octavianti A,Syiral M, Ainuddin Yushar Y, Zurairah I Islamic Science University
More informationShear bond strength of a new polycarbonate bracketan in vitro study with 14 adhesives
European Journal of Orthodontics 18 (1996) 295-301 O 1996 European Orthodontic Society Shear bond strength of a new polycarbonate bracketan in vitro study with 14 adhesives Nilgun Akin-Nergiz,* Ibrahim
More informationEfficient Bonding Protocol for the Insignia Custom Bracket System
Efficient Bonding Protocol for the Insignia Custom Bracket System Abstract The Insignia appliance is reverse-engineered from a digital set-up of the prescribed dental alignment. Each bracket configuration,
More informationThe effect of orthodontic bracket pad shape on shear bond strength, an in vitro study on human enamel
Journal section: Orthodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.55121 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.55121 The effect of orthodontic bracket pad shape on shear bond strength, an in vitro study
More informationCOMPARISON OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF NEW AND RECYCLED BRACKETS WITH DIFFERENT MESH DESIGNS
COMPARISON OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF NEW AND RECYCLED BRACKETS WITH DIFFERENT MESH DESIGNS Author: Dr.Pragati, M.D.S. 3 rd year student Department of Orthodontics, Co-Authors: Prof. Praveen Mehrotra, M.D.S.
More informationA Comparison of Bond Strength Between Directand Indirect-bonding Methods
Marquette University e-publications@marquette School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications Dentistry, School of 3-1-2006 A Comparison of Bond Strength Between Directand Indirect-bonding Methods
More informationAdhesive Thickness Effects on the Bond Strength of a Light- Cured Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Original Article Adhesive Thickness Effects on the Bond Strength of a Light- Cured Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Selim Arici, DDS, MMedSci, PhD a ; Cem Mustafa Caniklioglu, DDS, PhD b ; Nursel Arici,
More informationIMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Metal - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products IMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Metal - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing
More informationEvaluation of Shear Bond Strength Orthodontic Bracket and Adhesive Remaining Materials on the Enamel Surface Using ARI (Adhesive Remnant Index)
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC DENTAL SCIENCE Research Article Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength Orthodontic Bracket and Adhesive Remaining Materials on the Enamel Surface Using ARI Rina Sutjiati 1 * and Rudy
More informationBond strength assessment of metal brackets bonded to porcelain fused to metal surface using different surface conditioning method
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Bond strength assessment of metal brackets bonded to porcelain fused to metal surface using different surface conditioning method Vaishnav PD 1, Philip P 2, Shetty S 3, Mogra S 4, Batra
More informationEffect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study
10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1126 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effect of Self-etchant ph on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study Amit Goyal, H Jyothikiran, BM Shivalinga WJD ABSTRACT Aims:
More informationTransbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Lunch and Learn
Transbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Lunch and Learn Agenda Transbond IDB Pre-Mix Chemical Cure Adhesive Value Proposition Product Claims Features Advantages Benefits Product Consideration Technical
More informationBond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(2):175-179 Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique GM Knight,* JM McIntyre,* Mulyani*
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Oxide ceramics - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Oxide ceramics - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing
More informationMDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary Vol.:9 No.:2 2012
MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite restoration Dr. Farid G. Numan B.D.S., M.Sc Abstract The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate
More informationIMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products IMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing option OptraStick
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing
More informationAdvantages. Fantastic. Treatment. Finishes. 3M Self-Ligating Appliances Lateral Development System. Unitek Lateral Development Archwires
3M Self-Ligating Appliances Lateral Development System Treatment Advantages Fantastic Finishes Adhesive Coated Appliance System Adhesive Coated Appliance System Unitek Lateral Development Archwires For
More informationAdvantages. Fantastic. systems. Together with Unitek Lateral Development Archwires, this system puts you in control to
3M Self-Ligating Appliances Lateral Development System Treatment Advantages Fantastic Finishes For orthodontic professionals who choose lateral development as a desired treatment outcome, 3M now offers
More informationORIGINAL RESEARCH. Sandhya CA Shyam Lohakare, Pushpa Vinay Hazarey ABSTRACT
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparison of shear bond strength of no mix-composite resin, self cure resin reinforced glass ionomer cement and light cure resin reinforced glass ionomer cement: an in-vitro study Sandhya
More informationMonobond Plus is the universal primer for the conditioning of all types of restoration surfaces
Used Products TOOTH - Inlay, Onlay, Partial Crown - Gold - Retentive preparation - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing option Proxyt fluoride-free
More informationDetailed Step-by Step Instruction for Chairside Splinting
Dentapreg TM Splint - Procedures Basic Procedures in Short Splinting with Dentapreg TM strip always includes several basic procedures repeated in all particular clinical situations: (A) Clean the bonding
More informationRecycling stainless steel orthodontic brackets with Er:YAG laser An environmental scanning electron microscope and shear bond strength study
Original Article Recycling stainless steel orthodontic brackets with Er:YAG laser An environmental scanning electron microscope and shear bond strength study Prince K Chacko, Jithesh Kodoth, Jacob John
More informationThree-dimensional measurement of enamel loss caused by bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets. VAN WAES, H, MATTER, T, KREJCI, Ivo.
Article Three-dimensional measurement of enamel loss caused by bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets VAN WAES, H, MATTER, T, KREJCI, Ivo Abstract A mechanical computerized three-dimensional scanner
More informationNo Prep And Minimal Prep Veneers
Ajay Juneja No Prep And Minimal Prep Veneers 12 Apr 2016 It has been now an established entity for more then two decades since No Preparation Ceramic Veneers are being used. The very ideology of preserving
More informationEffects of CO 2 laser debonding of a ceramic bracket on the mechanical properties of enamel
Original Article Effects of CO 2 laser debonding of a ceramic bracket on the mechanical properties of enamel Masahiro Iijima a ; Yoshitaka Yasuda b ; Takeshi Muguruma c ; Itaru Mizoguchi d ABSTRACT Objective:
More informationINDICATIONS. Fixed Appliances are indicated when precise tooth movements are required
DEFINITION Fixed Appliances are devices or equipments that are attached to the teeth, cannot be removed by the patient and are capable of causing tooth movement. INDICATIONS Fixed Appliances are indicated
More informationThe words adhesionpromoters werefirstusedto
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of 3 adhesion promoters on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: An in-vitro study Ascensión Vicente, a Luis A. Bravo, b Martín Romero, c Antonio J. Ortíz, d and Manuel
More informationRecommended IDB Protocol
Recommended IDB Protocol The bonding appointment is critical to fusion treatment since custom wires are designed to work with the bracket positions captured in the scan after bonding. Follow this protocol
More informationA prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular lingual retainer survival
European Journal of Orthodontics 34 (2012) 470 474 doi:10.1093/ejo/cjr038 Advance Access Publication 20 April 2011 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic
More informationObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tribochemical silica coating
www.scielo.br/jaos Effects of silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of rebonded metal and ceramic brackets Saadet ATSÜ 1, Bülent ÇATALBAŞ 2, İbrahim Erhan GELGÖR 3 1- DDS,
More informationMonobond Plus is the universal primer for the conditioning of all types of restoration surfaces
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Composite - Multilink Automix Multilink Automix The universal self-curing luting composite with optional light-curing Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride OptraStick
More informationEven though the acid-etching technique is useful
SHORT COMMUNICATION Bond failure rates with a self-etching primer: A randomized controlled trial Julio Pedra e Cal-Neto, a Cátia Abdo Quintão, b Marco Antônio de Oliveira Almeida, c and José Augusto Mendes
More informationUsed Products. Multilink Automix. Proxyt fluoride-free. OptraStick. Monobond Etch&Prime. OptraDam. Liquid Strip. OptraPol.
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Glass-ceramics - Multilink Automix Multilink Automix The universal self-curing luting composite with optional light-curing Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing adhesive luting system Proxyt
More informationThe influence of different bracket base surfaces on tensile and shear bond strength
European Journal of Orthodontics 30 (2008) 490 494 doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn029 Advance cess publication 5 August 2008 The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic
More informationUsed Products. Variolink N LC. Proxyt fluoride-free. OptraStick. Ivoclean. Monobond N. OptraDam. N-Etch. Tetric N-Bond.
Used Products TOOTH - Veneer - Glass-ceramics - Variolink N LC - Tetric N-Bond Variolink N LC The microfilled, purely light-curing luting composite system Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride
More informationMicroleakage and shear bond strength of orthodontc brackets bonded to hypomineralized enamel following different surface preparations
Journal section: Orthodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.51254 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.51254 Microleakage and shear bond strength of orthodontc brackets bonded to hypomineralized
More informationBonding to molars the effect of etch time (an in vitro study)
European Journal of Orthodontics 20 (1998) 195 199 1998 European Orthodontic Society Bonding to molars the effect of etch time (an in vitro study) Chris D. Johnston*, Donald J. Burden*, David L. Hussey**
More informationEffect of surface treatment with commercial primers on tensile bond strength of auto-polymerizing resin to magnetic stainless steel
Effect of surface treatment with commercial primers on tensile bond strength of auto-polymerizing resin to magnetic stainless steel Jian-rong Chen, DDS, a,b Kenji Oka, DDS, PhD, c Wei Hua, DDS, a and Tetsuo
More informationPostgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Original Article Comparison of Enamel Morphologic Characteristics After Conditioning with Various Combinations of Acid Etchant and Er:YAG Laser in Bonding and Rebonding Procedures: A SEM Analysis Mohammad
More informationPost Graduate Student, Dept. of Orthodontics, KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, UP 2
Journal section: Orthodontics Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/jced.53237 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.53237 Evaluation of surface roughness of enamel after various bonding and clean-up procedures
More informationComparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Enamel Prepared By Er:YAG Laser and Conventional
Original Article Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Enamel Prepared By Er:YAG Laser and Conventional Acid-Etching M.H. Hosseini 1, F. Namvar 2, J. Chalipa 1, K. Saber 3,
More informationBonding Technique Guide. The Leader in. Adhesive Innovation. and Excellence
Bonding Technique Guide Adhesive Innovation The Leader in and Excellence Dear 3M Unitek Adhesive Customer: The 3M Unitek Bonding Technique Guide has been developed as a multi-purpose guide to assist you
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing
More informationWHAT IS CLEAN BASE? Custom Base 4/9/2013
The simultaneous delivery of multiple brackets onto the tooth surface via a polyvinylsiloxane or clear plastic tray. Accurate Bracket Placement Better Utilization of Staff Reduced Chairside Stress Less
More informationCalibra. Cements. The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup
Calibra Cements The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup www.calibracement.com The Calibra family of definitive cements was designed to make it easier than ever to achieve consistent, successful results in your
More informationBOCL-01: Bonding Materials Checklist
Task 19: Gather materials to bond partner using toothpaste as etchant Take a photo of gathered materials and submit with this completed checklist BOCL-01: Bonding Materials Checklist Date: Patient: Operator:
More informationComparison of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index between precoated and conventionally bonded orthodontic brackets
Guzman et al. Progress in Orthodontics 2013, 14:39 RESEARCH Open Access Comparison of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index between precoated and conventionally bonded orthodontic brackets Ulises
More informationBond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post
Bond Strength of Composite Resin Luting Cements to Fiber-reinforced Composite Root Canal Post Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the attachment of different composite resin luting cements
More informationBracket bond strength dependence on light power density. STAUDT, Christine Bettina, KREJCI, Ivo, MAVROPOULOS, Anestis. Abstract
Article Bracket bond strength dependence on light power density STAUDT, Christine Bettina, KREJCI, Ivo, MAVROPOULOS, Anestis Abstract In order to reduce curing time for bracket bonding with light-cured
More informationA new flash-free orthodontic adhesive system: A first clinical and stereomicroscopic study
Original Article A new flash-free orthodontic adhesive system: A first clinical and stereomicroscopic study Moritz Foersch a ; Christian Schuster b ; Roman K. Rahimi c ; Heinrich Wehrbein d ; Collin Jacobs
More informationFiltek LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System Case 1: Cusp build-up
Case 1 This case study focuses on the restoration of an upper molar. Filtek LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System Case 1: Cusp build-up The existing, inadequate restoration led to the development
More informationProduct Information. ibond Universal All-purpose convenience. Giving a hand to oral health.
Product Information All-purpose convenience. Giving a hand to oral health. Bonding with confidence. What would you expect from a universal bonding? Durable, reliable bond strength. Convenient and safe
More informationG-Premio BOND. One component light cured universal adhesive. BOND with the BEST
One component light cured universal adhesive BOND with the BEST The world s most clinically successful adhesive is now even better! Introducing. G-BOND has proven to be the world s most clinically successful
More informationPesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada ISSN: Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Brasil
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada ISSN: 1519-0501 apesb@terra.com.br Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Brasil Nóbrega Borja de Melo, Téssia Richelly; Youssef, Michel Nicolau; de
More informationMultilink Automix The adhesive cementation system
Multilink Automix The adhesive cementation system A strong bond, proven performance. Recommended for Multilink Aut Strong hold A wide variety of restorative materials are available today. Due to their
More informationPress Release. Press Contact. The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results
Press Release The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results by Dr. Arzu Tuna and Dr. Umut Baysal, Attendorn, Germany Composite restorations have always
More informationThe Difference is More than Cosmetic
The Difference is More than Cosmetic Attract new patients and build your practice. Exclusive Personalized Color- Matching Technology virtually invisible Optimum appearance throughout treatment with non-staining
More informationEffects of silanation time on shear bond strength between a gold alloy surface and metal bracket
Original Article THE KOREAN JOURNAL of ORTHODONTICS pissn 2234-7518 eissn 2005-372X Effects of silanation time on shear bond strength between a gold alloy surface and metal bracket Min-Ho Jung a Won-Jun
More informationScanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Bonding Mechanism of a Self-etching Primer on Enamel
Original Article Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Bonding Mechanism of a Self-etching Primer on Enamel Julio P. Cal-Neto a ; José Augusto M. Miguel b Abstract: The aim of this study was to
More informationOne cement that can take you just about anywhere! RelyX. Unicem. Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement
One cement that can take you just about anywhere! TM Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Indications Inlays, Onlays, Crowns, Bridges Metal/PFM, Porcelain/Ceramics, Composites. Pins and Posts Metal, Zirconia
More informationClarity. Form meets function: Discover the science behind a versatile self-ligating bracket system. Aesthetic Orthodontic Solutions
Clarity Aesthetic Orthodontic Solutions Form meets function: Discover the science behind a versatile self-ligating bracket system Armineh Khachatoorian Scientific Affairs Manager 3M Oral Care Rethink your
More informationEffect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study
www.scielo.br/jaos Effect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study Luciana Borges RETAMOSO 1, Niége Michelle Lazzari ONOFRE 2, Luciane HANN 3, Ernani Menezes
More informationVarious composite resins are used in orthodontic
CLINICIAN S CORNER Four applications of reinforced polyethylene fiber material in orthodontic practice Ali Ihya Karaman, DDS, PhD, a Nihal Kir, DDS, b and Sema Belli, DDS, PhD c Konya, Turkey Four different
More informationInfluence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of adhesives on enamel
Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of adhesives on enamel Tatiana Feres Assad-Loss 1, Mônica Tostes 2, José Nelson Mucha 3 Objective: To evaluate shear bond strength of 3 adhesive
More informationVictory Series Active Self-Ligating Brackets. Reliable. and. Effective
Victory Series Active Self-Ligating Brackets Reliable and Effective Victory Series Active Self-Ligating Brackets Reliability Victory Series SL Brackets are widely accepted as an industry benchmark for
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A better understanding of orthodontic bracket bonding Algera, T.J. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A better understanding of orthodontic bracket bonding Algera, T.J. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Algera, T. J. (2009). A better understanding
More informationProphylaxis-based dental treatment: cavity prophylaxis using enamel-protective bracket attachment
Prophylaxis-based dental treatment: cavity prophylaxis using enamel-protective bracket attachment Author: Thomas Vidahl, Petershagen Orthopaedic jaw treatment that uses brackets and bands puts teeth at
More informationThe effect of herbal teas on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
European Journal of Orthodontics 31 (2009) 385 389 doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn129 Advance Access publication 31 March 2009 The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic
More informationObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of blood contamination on shear
www.scielo.br/jaos Blood contamination effect on shear bond strength of an orthodontic hydrophilic resin Taís de Morais Alves da CUNHA 1, Bruna Ariela BEHRENS 2, Denise NASCIMENTO 2, Luciana Borges RETAMOSO
More informationRelyX Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Frequently Asked Questions
RelyX Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Frequently Asked Questions Q1. What about the clinical history of The first restorations were cemented with RelyX Unicem cement in 2001. The excellent
More informationMicroleakage under Metallic and Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Orthodontic Self-Etching Primer Systems
Original Article Microleakage under Metallic and Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Orthodontic Self-Etching Primer Systems Tancan Uysal a ; Mustafa Ulker b ; Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu c ; Huseyin Ertas d ABSTRACT
More informationResearch Article Evaluation of Self-Etching Adhesive and Er:YAG Laser Conditioning on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 719182, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/719182 Research Article Evaluation of Self-Etching Adhesive and Er:YAG Laser Conditioning on the Shear
More informationMultilink Automix The adhesive cementation system
Multilink Automix The adhesive cementation system A strong bond, proven performance. Clinically proven with Multilink Aut STRONG HOLD A wide variety of restorative materials are available today. Due to
More informationBonding Technique Guide. 3Unitek. Products that make your life easier.
Bonding Technique Guide 3Unitek Products that make your life easier. Dear 3M Unitek Adhesive Customer: The 3M Unitek Bonding Technique Guide has been developed as a multi-purpose guide to assist you and
More information