High temperature dimensional alterations of implant supported frameworks
|
|
- Helen Reeves
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Braz J Oral Sci. January/March Vol. 4 - Number 12 High temperature dimensional alterations of implant supported frameworks Diego Klee de Vasconcellos 1 Antonio Carlos Cardoso 2 Marco Antonio Bottino 3 Ricardo de Souza Magini 4 Wilson Andriani Jr. 5 1 DDS MSc - Graduate Student (Doctor degree), Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - São José dos Campos School of Dentistry 2 DDS - MSc PhD- Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina 3 DDS - PhD - Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - São José dos Campos School of Dentistry 4 DDS - MSc - PhD - Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina 5 DDS MSc - PhD - Assistant Professor, Department of Stomatology, UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina Abstract The present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of high temperature firing cycles used for application of porcelain veneer in the misfit of implant supported frameworks, and the effect of a pre-heating treatment on the dimensional alterations of implant supported frameworks. The investigation was conducted based on the results given by 14 nickel-chromium (06 elements) metal structures. Half of the structures formed the control group and were exposed to simulated porcelain firings. The other half formed the test group, and were submitted to a pre-heating treatment with the implant frameworks embedded in investment, before the porcelain firing simulation. The marginal misfit measurements in both groups were made before and after the porcelain firing simulation, by using a scanning electron microscope. The results were submitted to statistical analysis of variance. The multiple comparisons were made by means of the Bonferroni t test. For the frameworks produced in the usual manner, without the preheating treatment (control group), misfit deteriorates during the high temperature firing cycles employed for porcelain application. In the test group, pre-heating treatment did not change the final metal distortion resulting from the porcelain firing cycles, and the greatest amount of the distortion took place before the conventional porcelain firing cycles. Received for publication: June 01, 2004 Accepted: January 25, 2005 Key Words: dental implants; osseointegration; implant-supported dental prosthesis; metal ceramic alloys Correspondence to: Diego Klee de Vasconcellos UNESP - São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - São José dos Campos School of Dentistry Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, Jardim São Dimas São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil Phone #: Fax: diegokv@terra.com.br 689
2 Introduction The osseointegration technique decisively interfered in dentistry and its current perspectives, markedly improving the quality of life of edentulous patients. Osseointegrated implants used for prosthetic rehabilitation have shown consistent clinical success supported by literature, and represent a considerable positive impact in the psychosocial status of those patients. A precise fit between an implant abutment and a superstructure, determining the absence of bone tension, without the occlusal load 1, is an important factor for the long-term success of implant-supported restorations. Considering the fact that implants are completely surrounded by bone, and that the interface is not elastic, a minimum movement is observed due to bone deformation under loading. Accordingly, it must be anticipated that stress introduced into the implant system as the result of prosthesis misfit may be present many years after placement because of the ankylotic character of the osseointegration. The present findings support the concern for precision of frameworks with regard to various aspects of fatigue in the long-term perspective 2. Fixed prostheses without a passive fit to osseointegrated implants can potentially result in loosening of screw joints, fatigue fractures of components, marginal peri-implant bone loss, and delay loss of osseointegration 3-6. It has been widely observed that the as cast fit of metal ceramic restorations deteriorates during the high temperature firing cycles employed for porcelain veneer application, and that the timing of the deformation is such that most of it occurs during the initial firing cycle (oxidation), before the porcelain application A currently popular theory indicates that the release of solidification stresses may be the primary etiologic factor in the deformation of metal ceramics during thermal cycling 11. Some authors demonstrated that a pre-heating treatment of invested castings resulted in a significant reduction in the thermal cycling distortion of the alloy. The present in vitro study was designed to examine the effect of high temperature firing cycles used for application of porcelain veneer in the misfit of implant supported frameworks and the effect of a pre-heating treatment on the dimensional alterations of implant supported frameworks. Material and Methods The condition simulated for evaluation in this investigation was a mandibular anterior quadrant to be restored with a six-unit FPD screw-retained on implants. An acrylic resin model (Fig.1) was fabricated with two external hex cylinder implants (4.0 mm diameter, 15.0 mm length; Master Screw Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) placed in the right and left canine area (sites 33 and 43), parallel and 22 mm apart from each other from center to center. This model served as an index for the marginal misfit measurements. Abutments were connected to the implants (Micruscone Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) by fastening screws with a torque wrench using 20Ncm torque. Impression posts ( Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) were attached to the abutments, and a silicone impression (Express 3M São Paulo, Brazil) was made using a custom resin tray suitable for the master cast. After the impression posts and the abutment analogs ( Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) were connected, they were returned to the impression, which was poured in stone (Durone Dentsply Petrópolis, Brazil) to make the working cast. Sixteen implant-supported frameworks were fabricated on the working cast. For the fabrication of standardized wax pattern for the FPD, the castable plastic cylinders ( Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) were placed on the analogs and hand tightened until resistance was felt. Teeth were fashioned in inlay wax in an anatomically correct manner. A condensation silicone mold (Express 3M São Paulo, Brazil) was fashioned over this FPD wax pattern to allow for multiple FPD pattern replications. The investment, burnout and casting techniques were standardized. Patterns were sprued and invested in pairs in a phosphate-bonded investment (Belavest SH Bego Bremen, Germany) according to a one piece casting technique. Following bench curing and burnout, the investment rings were cast in a nickel-chromium alloy (Wironia - Bego Bremen Germany). Eight frameworks (Fig.2) were randomly selected as the control group (C). After cooling at room temperature, the divesting was completed in the usual manner with minimum use of aluminum oxide air abrasives on critical interfaces. One FPD was discarded because of casting problems. Burs were used under laboratory microscope to eliminate internal casting inaccuracy. Protective polishing caps (abutment analogs Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil) covered the interfaces and reduced the risk of inaccuracy. The other eight frameworks formed the pre-heated test group (T). The castings, in their original investment, were allowed to cool to room temperature, and were then preheated in a porcelain oven (Vacumat 40 Vita Bad Säckingen, Germany) according to the manufacturer s recommendations for the first alloy thermal cycle (opaque cycle: from 600ºC to 950 C with a heating rate of 55 C/min under partial vacuum; the high temperature of 950 C was held for 2 min.). After this pre-heating treatment, the frameworks were allowed to cool to room temperature, divested, and handled the same way previously described in the control group. One of the frameworks was also discarded. 690
3 The fourteen frameworks, from both groups, were exposed to six simulated porcelain-firing cycles (two opaque firings, three body firings, and one glaze firing). However, the porcelain was not applied. Opaque cycles were from 600ºC to 950 C with a heating rate of 55 C/min under partial vacuum (720mm Hg). The high temperature of 950 C was held for 2 min for the first opaque layer, and 1 min for the second layer. The first body cycle was from 600ºC to 930 C with a heating rate of 55 C/min under partial vacuum (720mm Hg). The high temperature of 930 C was held for 1 min. The second and the third body cycles were identical to the first, except for the final temperature which was 920 C. Glaze cycle was from 600 C to 910 C with a heating rate of 55 C/ min in air, and the highest temperature was held for 1 min. All samples were allowed to cool to room temperature before the next firing cycle began. The marginal misfit measurements were made using a scanning electron microscope (XL 30 Philips Eindhoven, Holland). Six marks were made in each abutment (Fig.3) to standardize the microscope measurement points. Three were made in the buccal surface and three on the lingual surface, adding up twelve reading points for each framework. The frameworks were positioned on the abutments of the acrylic resin model by fastening titanium screws with an adapted torque wrench using 2N/cm torque ( Conexão Sistemas de Prótese São Paulo, Brazil). In either group, the vertical measurements were taken in two moments: Moment 1 (M1)- measurements were made before the porcelain firing cycles; Moment 2 (M2) - measurements were made after the porcelain firing cycles. The marginal gap size was measured in micrometers, under 200X microscope magnification. The results were compiled and submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The multiple comparisons were made by means of the Bonferroni t test. Fig. 2 Labial view of cast framework. Fig. 3 Labial view of the marks made in each abutment to standardize the microscope measurement points. Fig. 1 Acrylic resin model with two external hex cylinder implants. Abutments were connected to the implants. Results The means and standard deviations of vertical misfit values for the two groups in M1 and M2 measurement moments are presented in Table 1. The misfit in the control group deteriorated during the high temperature firing cycles employed for simulated porcelain veneer application (from 41.73µm to 54.11µm). The misfit in the test group did not change significantly before and after the high temperature firing cycles employed for simulated porcelain application (from 55.22µm to 58.71µm). The vertical misfit values were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (α = 5%). Significant differences where found among the structures (1-way ANOVA, F df (3; 24) = 3.36; p = < 0.05). Bonferroni independent t test was used for the individual comparisons (table 2). The preheating treatment did not change the final metal distortion 691
4 resulting from the porcelain firing cycles in the test group, since the values of misfit in the groups CM2 and TM2 show statistical equivalence. The significant difference (P <.05) was found among the structures in the first measurement moment (CM1 X TM1). The vertical misfit for test group before (TM1) and control group after (CM2) the porcelain firing cycles show statistical equivalence. Table 1 Means and standard deviations of vertical misfit values (in micrometers) for the two groups in both measurement moments GROUP N MEANS SD CONTROL M CONTROL M TEST M TEST M Table 2. Statistical Analysis by the Bonferroni independent t test. COMPARISONS TEST VALUE CRITICAL VALUE TM1 X CM CM2 X TM * CM2 X TM * * - Statistical equivalence Discussion Osseointegrated implants supporting fixed prostheses are exposed to both dynamic and static loading. Dynamic forces on the implants may arise due to chewing and may reach various magnitudes. Static loading, on the other hand, may be induced by the tension in the bridge locking screws when securing a misfit framework to the implant superstructure 4, Perfect fit implant frameworks can virtually avoid static loading 15-18, which could potentially result in pain and sensitivity for the patient, significant instability in the system, and thus, loosening of screw joints, mechanical fatigue fracture of implant components, and marginal bone loss 2-5,15, The popularity of base metal alloys (nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium) has dramatically increased in recent years because of their advantageous mechanical properties and due to the high cost of gold and palladium. The superior yield strength (resistance to permanent deformation), and higher elastic modulus (rigidity) allow a more uniform stress distribution within the framework, providing a more efficient and durable load transfer. The use of a more rigid material for the framework of osseointegrated prosthesis decreases the stress within the prosthesis retaining screws. This probably means that the high resistance of the framework to bending reduces the risks of mechanical overloading for the retaining screws, especially for the cantilevered superstructures Based on previous articles 1-2,6,20,24, which indicate a certain biological tolerance in the living bone for prosthetic misfits, the vertical gaps recorded in this study would probably not lead to clinical problems, even with the frameworks being fabricated by a one-piece cast method instead of the soldering method which would markedly improve the marginal fit 15,21. The seating force used to place the samples on the master cast has an important effect on the vertical misfit. The use of a torque driver, even with the lowest torque available (10N/cm), may considerably narrow the vertical misfit gaps at the abutment-framework interface 6,14,19. Marginal misfit investigations, in which screws are fastened by hand, always by the same investigator, until the first resistance is met 6,15, allows a more real fit evaluation, since no attempt is made to narrow the vertical misfit gaps. However, it seems to be a risky protocol, due to the wide variation in the ability of the clinicians to perceive torque, making difficult the standardization of the screw tightening procedure prior to microscope measurements. In the present study, a special torque driver was fabricated, reducing the torque to 02N/ cm. This way, it was standardized the screw tightening with a seating force that did not considerably influence the vertical misfit gaps. It is important to stand out that this seating force (02N/cm) was used specifically for this in vitro investigation, and must not be used clinically. Previous investigations found that porcelain application had no effect on casting distortion 9,25-26, thus, the presence of the ceramic would not modify the results of this research. In the control group frameworks were produced in the usual manner, and no pre-heating treatment was applied. The misfit in this group deteriorated during the high temperature firing cycles employed for simulated porcelain veneer application (from 41.73µm to 54.11µm). This result corroborates other findings 6-8,10, showing that frameworks misfit deteriorates during the high temperature firing cycles employed for porcelain application. In the test group, before the usual firing cycles for porcelain application, frameworks were submitted to a pre-heating treatment. The castings, in their original investment were heated in a porcelain oven according to the manufacturer s recommendations for the first alloy thermal cycle (opaque cycle). Some authors concluded that a pre-heating treatment of invested castings might control the thermal cycling distortion of the alloy. In the present investigation, the pre-heating treatment did not change the final distortion resulting from the porcelain firing cycles in the test group, since the final values of misfit in the control and test groups (CM2 and TM2) showed statistical equivalence. However, the misfit in the test group did not change 692
5 significantly before and after the high temperature firing cycles employed for simulated porcelain application (from 55.22µm to 58.71µm). As the misfit in the test group before the firing cycles (TM µm) was statistically similar to the misfit in the control group (without pre-heating treatment) after the firing cycles (CM µm), it can be assumed that almost all the dimensional alterations in the test group occurred before the porcelain firings, produced by the pre-heating treatment. This observation in the test group confirms earlier investigations 9,11-13 that found that the greatest amount of distortion takes place during the first firing cycle of the metal structures, and minimal distortion takes place during the other firing cycles. The authors attribute this distortion to the release of stress built into the framework during casting solidification. They recommended the pre-heating treatment of metal-ceramic castings before intraoral fit evaluation to achieve better-fitting prostheses. Based on our findings, their recommendations can be extended to implant supported FPDs. The greatest amount of distortion will take place before clinical try out, and this procedure will minimize the unworkable post-ceramic distortions. Although the concept of passive fit provides necessary theoretical ideals, the realization of passive fit is not possible 1,18. Clinically acceptable fit of the implant framework to the intraoral abutments has yet to be defined by the dental community. Accessible methods to improve and evaluate fit are needed. Clinical relevance is the ultimate test of any technique utilized in prosthodontics. Therefore, it seems prudent that the results of this investigation be applied to appropriate clinical methodologies to verify if they significantly improve the fit of implant frameworks. Under the specific conditions of the experiment, the following conclusions were drawn: (01) for the frameworks produced in the usual manner, without the pre-heating treatment, misfit deteriorated during the high temperature firing cycles employed for porcelain application; (02) the preheating treatment did not change the final metal distortion resulting from the porcelain firing cycles, and (03) with the preheating treatment, the greatest amount of the metal distortion took place before the conventional porcelain firing cycles. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude to José Luiz Batista for his help in manufacturing the frameworks. All equipment and materials used in this research were kindly supplied by CONEXÃO and WILCOS Companies. Dr. Sergio Freitas performed statistical analyses. References 1. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg (6): Anusavice KJ, Carroll JE.. Effect of incompatibility stress on the fit of metal ceramic crowns. J Dent Res 1987; 66 (8): Bridger DV, Nicholls JI. Distortion of ceramometal fixed partial dentures during the firing cycle. J Prosthet Dent 1981; 45: Bryant RA, Nicholls JI. Measurement of distortions in fixed dentures resulting from degassing. J Prosthet Dent 1979; 42: Burguete RL, Johns RB, King T, Patterson EA. Tightening characteristics for screwed joints in osseointegrated dental implants. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 71: Campbell SD, Pelletier LB. Thermal cycling distortion of metal ceramics: Part I - metal collar width. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 67: Campbell SD, Pelletier LB. Thermal cycling distortion of metal ceramics: Part II etiology. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 68: Campbell SD, Sirakian A, Pelletier LB, Giordano RA. Effects of firing cycle and surface finishing on distortion of metal ceramic castings. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74: Carr AB, Gerard DA, Larsen PE. The response of bone in primates around unloaded dental implants supporting prostheses with different levels of fit. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 76: De Hoff PH, Anusavice KJ. Effect of metal design on marginal distortion of metal-ceramic crowns. J Dent Res 1984; 63: Gemalmaz D, Berksun S, Kasapoglu C, Alkumru HN. Distortion of metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures resulting from metalconditioning firing. Quintessence Int 1996; 27: Goll GE. Production of accurately fitting full-arch implant frameworks: Part I- clinical procedures. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 66: Guichet DL, Caputo AA, Choi H, Sorensen JA. Passivity of fit and marginal opening in screw-or cement-retained implant fixed partial denture designs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000; 15: Hurson S. Practical clinical guidelines to prevent screw loosening. Int J Dent. Symp 1995; 3: Jemt T, Book K. Prosthesis misfit and marginal bone loss in edentulous implant patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996; 11: Jemt T, Lekholm U. Measurements of bone and frame-work deformations induced by misfit of implant superstructures: a pilot study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res 1998; 9: Kallus T, Bessing C. Loose gold screws frequently occur in full-arch fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants after 5 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994; 9: Kulmer S, Feichtinger C, Gausch K, Sattler C. Dimensionänderungen der kronendurchmesser von metallkeramikkronen während des oxydglühens. Osterr Z Stomatol 1978; 75: Michaels GC, Carr AB, Larsen PE. Effect of prosthetic superstructure accuracy on the osseointegrated implant bone interface. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: Sahin S, Cehreli M. The significance of passive framework fit in implant prosthodontics: current status. Implant Dent 2001; 10: Sertgoz A. Finite element analysis study of the effect of superstructure material on stress distribution in an implantsupported fixed prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont 1997;10: Watanabe F, Uno I, Hata Y, Neuendorff G, Kirsch A. Analysis of stress distribution in a screw-retained implant prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000; 15:
6 23. Wee AG, Aquilino SA, Schneider RL. Strategies to achieve fit in implant prosthodontics: a review of the literature. Int J Prosthodont 1999; 12: Wu Y, Moser JB, Jameson LM, Malone WF. The effect of oxidation heat treatment on porcelain bond strength in selected base metal alloys. J Prosthet Dent 1991; 66: Yanase RT, Binon PP, Jemt T, Gulbransen HJ, Parel S. Current Issues Forum. How do you test a cast framework fit for a fullarch fixed implant-supported prosthesis? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994; 9: Zervas PJ, Papazoglou E, Beck FM, Carr AB. Distortion of three-unit implant frameworks during casting, soldering, and simulated porcelain firings. J Prosthodont 1999; 8:
SCREW LOOSENING has been reported as
BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH Effect of Casting Procedures on Screw Loosening in UCLA-Type Abutments Stefania Kano, DDS, MS, PhD; 1 Donald A. Curtis, DMD; 2 Paul Binon, DDS, MSA; 3 and Gerson Bonfante, DDS, MSc,
More informationSS Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE
SS Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE Contents TS Implant System Cement retained restoration 06 Cement-retained bridges with the Solid abutment system (non-modified abutment) 16 Cement-retained bridges
More informationHex-Lock Abutment System. Restorative Manual
System Restorative Manual 32 Restorative options with s s are manufactured from titanium alloy and used as the support foundation for single- or multiple-unit cement-retained, partially edentulous fixed
More informationUS Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE
US Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE Contents TS Implant System Cement retained restoration 06 Cement retained bridges with the Cement abutment system 18 Cement retained crown with the Angled abutment
More informationThe Sheffield Fit Test - Revisited. Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of
The Sheffield Fit Test - Revisited Dr A. Johnson 1 MMedSci; PhD; LCGI; MCGI; FHEA, Dr C.A. Miller 2 BEng (hons), PhD. Dr G.E. White 1 MMedSci; PhD; CGIA. 1 Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School
More informationsynocta Meso abutment for cement-retained restorations PROSTHETICS Step-by-step instructions
synocta Meso abutment for cement-retained restorations PROSTHETICS Step-by-step instructions INTRODUCTION synocta Meso abutment for cement-retained restorations 1 The synocta Meso abutments, available
More informationCORRESPONDING AUTHOR: ABSTRACT
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF PORCELAIN FIRING ON THE MARGINAL FIT CHANGES OF PORCELAIN-FUSED-TO -METAL CROWN FABRICATED UTILIZING TWO DIFFERENT MARGIN DESIGNS AND TWO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE BASE METAL ALLOYS
More informationOT EQUATOR CASTABLE Single Attachment for Overdentures
OT EQUATOR CASTABLE Single Attachment for Overdentures pick-up impression OT EQUATOR PROFILE CASTABLE MALE ATTACHMENT individual tray RETENTIVE CAPS OT EQUATOR HOUSING VIOLET CAP RIGID RETENTION (2.7Kg)
More informationAcknowledgments Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Goals p. 2 History of Dental Materials p. 3 The Oral Environment p. 4 Characteristics of the Ideal
Preface p. v Acknowledgments p. vii Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Goals p. 2 History of Dental Materials p. 3 The Oral Environment p. 4 Characteristics of the Ideal Dental Material p. 5 Quality Assurance
More informationSCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 96 Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 2008, Vol. 10, No. 3 SUMMARY
Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 10: 96-100, 2008 Influence of laser-welding and electroerosion on passive fit of implant-supported prosthesis Tatiana Bernardon Silva, Mauro Antonio
More informationHybrid Denture bridges have a well-documented history
Conversion of Acrylic Hybrid Dentures to Monophase Zirconia Bridge Michael Tischler DDS, José Echeverry CDT, Darwin Bagley CDT Hybrid Denture bridges have a well-documented history greater than 40 years
More informationInfluence of Prosthetic Screw Material on Joint Stability in Passive and Non-Passive Implant-Supported Dentures
The Open Dentistry Journal, 2009, 3, 245-249 245 Open Access Influence of Prosthetic Screw Material on Joint Stability in Passive and Non-Passive Implant-Supported Dentures Aloísio Oro Spazzin 1,*, Guilherme
More informationImplant osseointegration and successful restoration
Prosthodontic Complications in a Prospective Clinical Trial of Single-stage Implants at 36 Months Jacqueline P. Duncan, DMD, MDSc 1 /Elena Nazarova, DMD, PhD 2 /Theodora Vogiatzi, DDS 1 / Thomas D. Taylor,
More informationImplant Phase Flow Chart
Implant Phase Flow Chart 1. Surgical Phase Immediate Load 1. Place implant 1-2 mm below bone. 2. Attach crown posts at time of surgery using S17000 series abutments and (AS7001) Alan Key, and (AS7033)
More informationEffect of impression coping and implant angulation on the accuracy of implant impressions: an in vitro study
ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI:10.4047/jap.2010.2.4.128 Effect of impression coping and implant angulation on the accuracy of implant impressions: an in vitro study Si-Hoon Jo, DDS, Kyoung-Il Kim, DDS, Jae-Min Seo,
More informationTreatment Options for Restoring Edentulous Jaws using One- and Two-Piece Implants from Implant Direct Int l
Treatment Options for Restoring Edentulous Jaws using One- and Two-Piece Implants from Implant Direct Int l Two-Piece ReActive Tri-Lobe Implants with Multi-Unit Abutments One-Piece ScrewIndirect Implants
More informationElement-Z Screw-Retained Hybrid
Element-Z Screw-Retained Hybrid Implant-Level Restoration Step-by-Step Restorative Protocol The Element-Z Screw-Retained Hybrid offers a fixed, all-ceramic implant solution for edentulous patients desiring
More informationRemovable Partial Dentures
Removable Partial Dentures Replacement of missing teeth Fixed partial denture Removable partial denture Complete removable Transitional denture Partial removable Implant retained prosthodontics No prosthetic
More informationINTRODUCTION. Why Choose Cortex Prosthetics?
Prosthetic Manual 4 INDEX Introduction 6-14 Impression Techniques 15-29 Abutments Selection Handling 30-33 Temporary Restorations 34-38 Screw Reiained Restorations 39-52 Removable Restorations 53-63 5
More informationAccuracy of Electronic Implant Torque Controllers Following Time in Clinical Service
Accuracy of Electronic Implant Torque Controllers Following Time in Clinical Service Ricardo Mitrani, DDS, MSD 1 /Jack I. Nicholls, PhD 2 /Keith M. Phillips, DMS, MSD 3 /Tsun Ma, DMD, MS, MDS 4 Tightening
More informationConstruction of Removable Partial Denture
Construction of Removable Partial Denture Peter Hermann Department of Prosthodontics Semmelweis University Treatment options for edentulous spaces Fixed prosthodontics (crowns/bridges) Removable prosthodontics
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION FOR CORTEX ABUTMENTS AND OTHER RESTORATIVE COMPONENTS
PRODUCT INFORMATION FOR CORTEX ABUTMENTS AND OTHER RESTORATIVE COMPONENTS The Cortex Implants are intended for single or multiple replacements of lost teeth and provide a way to attach the prosthetic pieces
More informationChapter 12. Prosthodontics
Chapter 12 Prosthodontics Golbarg Kolahi 1 Prosthesis [prahs-thee-sis] A replacement for a missing body part Golbarg Kolahi 2 Prosthesis In the dental field, it is a fixed or removable appliance replacing
More informationSolid Zirconia Full-Arch Implant Prosthesis (Protocol C All-CAD with Multi-Unit Abutments) BruxZir. FIRST Appointment. The BruxZir
(Protocol C All-CAD with Multi-Unit Abutments) Step-by-Step Restorative Protocol C The BruxZir Full-Arch Implant Prosthesis offers a fixed, all-zirconia implant solution for edentulous patients desiring
More informationTS Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE
TS Implant System 2013 PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE Contents TS Implant System Cement retained restoration Screw retained restoration 08 When abutment reduction is unnecessary 66 Screw retained restoration 21
More informationImplant Restorations: A Step-By-Step Guide
Implant Restorations: A Step-By-Step Guide Drago, Carl DDS, MS ISBN-13: 9780813828831 Table of Contents Contributors. Foreword. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction To Implant Dentistry. 1. Introduction.
More informationImplant restorations can be either screw- or
Passivity of Fit and Marginal Opening in Screw- or Cement-Retained Implant Fixed Partial Denture Designs David L. Guichet, DDS 1 /Angelo A. Caputo, PhD 2 /Hyeonju Choi, DMD 3 /John A. Sorensen, DMD, PhD
More informationFabrication of a Hybrid Screw-Retained and Cement-Retained Implant Prosthesis: A Case Report
Journal Dental School 2012; 30(2):198-202 Case Report Fabrication of a Hybrid Screw-Retained and Cement-Retained Implant Prosthesis: A Case Report 1 Abolfazl Saboury * 2 Hamid Neshandar Asli 1 Associate
More informationA Simplified Method to Assess Precision of Fit Between Framework and Supporting Implants: A Preliminary Study
A Simplified Method to Assess Precision of Fit Between Framework and Supporting Implants: A Preliminary Study Angelo Calderini, MD, DDS 1 /Carlo Maiorana, MD, DDS 2 /Giuliano Garlini, DDS 3 /Tommaso Abbondanza,
More informationLegacy Prosthetic Catalog
Legacy Prosthetic Catalog Straight Snap-On Straight Contoured Angled Contoured Ball Attachment Gold/Plastic Castable Locator Attachment Plastic Temporary Screw Receiving Plastic Non-Engaging Castable 15
More informationFor the oral rehabilitation
For the oral rehabilitation Contents For superstructures Chapter 1 Overview of prosthetic modes 1. Prosthetic modes of the PLATON system 2. Factors involved in prosthetic design Chapter 2 Cement-retained
More informationSince the introduction of the Branemark
RESEARCH Influence of the Implant Diameter With Different Sizes of Hexagon: Analysis by 3-Dimensional Finite Element Method Eduardo Piza Pellizzer, DDS, PhD, MSc 1 * Fellippo Ramos Verri, DDS, PhD, MSc
More informationTHE DIMENSIONAL CHANGE OF CAST IMPLANT BARS AFTER LABORATORY PROCEDURE
J Korean Acad Prosthodont : Volume 45, Number 3, 2007 THE DIMENSIONAL CHANGE OF CAST IMPLANT BARS AFTER LABORATORY PROCEDURE Ji-Yung Kwon, D.D.S., M.S.D., Chang-Whe Kim, D.D.S., M.S.D., Ph.D., Young-Jun
More informationObjective: The aim of this study was to test a new portable vibrator for plaster pouring
www.scielo.br/jaos A new portable vibrator for plaster pouring: effect on the marginal fit at cylinder-abutment Pâmela Cândida Aires Ribas de ANDRADE 1, Leonardo Flores LUTHI 2, Kyle STANLEY 3, Antônio
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DENTIST. synocta impression procedure, Screw-retained and Snap-on. Screw-retained (Open tray) Snap-on (Closed tray)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DENTIST synocta impression procedure, Screw-retained and Snap-on Screw-retained (Open tray) Snap-on (Closed tray) click 1. Attach synocta Impression caps to implants. Hand-tighten
More informationBlue Sky Bio Multi unit Abutments BIO Multi-Units are available for all our Bone Level Implants
BIO Multi-Units are available for all our Bone Level Implants Multi-Units abutments are ideal for following restorative plans Blue Sky Bio offers a variety of components that can be used with BIO Multi-units.
More informationResearch Article Comparative Analysis of Screw Loosening in Titanium and Zirconia Implant-Supported Abutments-An In vitro Study
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS DENTAL SCIENCE Research Article Comparative Analysis of Screw Loosening in Titanium and Zirconia Implant-Supported Abutments-An In vitro Rafaella Monteiro Oliveira Cid 1,3 *, Gustavo
More informationProsthetic V. Removable dentures I.
Prosthetic V. Removable dentures I. Removable dentures Partial Complete (full) lenka.roubalikova@tiscali.cz 2 Prosthetic dentistry replacement of Damaged teeth reconstruction of the crown (inlays, crowns)
More informationCASE REPORT ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aims
An in vitro Study to Compare the Accuracy of Master Cast Fabricated by Three Different 10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1143 Transfer Techniques for Single Tooth CASE REPORT An in vitro Study to Compare the Accuracy
More informationRESTORATION OF A FULLY EDENTULOUS PATIENT UTILIZING SIMPLE TECHNIQUES FOR IMPRESSION AND FABRICATION OF A HYBRID BRIDGE
Case Report International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences Volume 02,Issue 01 RESTORATION OF A FULLY EDENTULOUS PATIENT UTILIZING SIMPLE TECHNIQUES FOR IMPRESSION AND FABRICATION OF A HYBRID BRIDGE
More informationBecause osseointegrated implants have no resilience
Description and Evaluation of a Simplified Method to Achieve Passive Fit Between Cast Titanium Frameworks and Implants Leif B. Helldén, DDS, PhD*/Tore Dérand, DDS, PhD** Because osseointegrated implants
More informationA Classification System to Measure the Implant-Abutment Microgap
A Classification System to Measure the Implant-Abutment Microgap Stefania C. Kano 1 /Paul P. Binon 2 /Donald A. Curtis 3 Purpose: A large microgap at the implant-abutment interface has been reported to
More informationcement-retained single crowns using cementable abutments
cement-retained single crowns using cementable abutments cement-retained restorations cement-retained single crowns using cementable abutments Cement-retained implant restorations are similar to conventional
More informationMulti-unit abutment hybrid or fixed-detachable screw-retained restoration
Multi-unit abutment hybrid or fixed-detachable screw-retained restoration Use this technique for the fabrication of a multiple unit implant-supported, screw-retained hybrid in a partially or fully edentulous
More informationDouble-casting method for fixed prosthodontics with functionally generated path
Double-casting method for fixed prosthodontics with functionally generated path Shogo Minagi, DDS, PhD, a Toshiyuki Tanaka, DDS, b Takashi Sato, DDS, PhD, c and Tadashi Matsunaga, DDS, PhD d Department
More informationOcclusal Stability in Implant Prosthodontics Clinical Factors to Consider Before Implant Placement
C L I N I C A L P R A C T I C E Occlusal Stability in Implant Prosthodontics Clinical Factors to Consider Before Implant Placement Sebastian Saba, DDS, Cert. Pros. A b s t r a c t The success of any prosthetic
More informationA retrospective study on separate single-tooth implant restorations to replace two or more consecutive. maxillary posterior teeth up to 6 years.
Original Article A retrospective study on separate single-tooth implant restorations to replace two or more consecutive maxillary posterior teeth up to 6 years follow up Myat Nyan Department of Prosthodontics,
More informationObjectives: The purpose of this in vitro
www.scielo.br/jaos and cast implant single Rudys Rodolfo DE JESUS TAVAREZ 1, Wellington Cardoso BONACHELA 2, Anuar Antônio XIBLE 3 1- DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Maranhão University Center (UNICEUMA), São
More informationACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS Frequency of Citings Based on Required Areas of Compliance
Page 1 ACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS Based on Required Areas of Compliance Total Number of Programs Evaluated: 13 July 2009 through December 2013 STANDARD
More informationConus Concept: A Rewarding Complete Denture Treatment
Conus Concept: A Rewarding Complete Denture Treatment Complete dentures have largely become the domain of the denturist due to the dissatisfaction general dentists feel with this treatment. Multiple visits,
More informationNARROW DIAMETER implant
ND NARROW DIAMETER implant TABLE OF CONTENTS ND - NARROW DIAMETER implant Implant characteristics page 04 Dental implant page 05 Open Tray Impression Transfer page 06 Titanium Abutments page 07 O-Ball
More informationLeading material offering and application range. Straumann CARES CADCAM
Leading material offering and application range Straumann CARES CADCAM content Leading material offering 2 Applications at a glance 5 Features & benefits ceramics 6 Features & benefits metals 8 Features
More informationFR Attachment Instructions Removable Partial Dentures
www.preat.com 800-232-7732 FR Attachment Instructions Removable Partial Dentures 1 2 Adjust the master cast on mounting platform of the surveyor to the chosen angle of insertion. Check to be sure the tooth
More informationThe restoration of partially and completely
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANT FRACTURES. ACASE HISTORY Firas A. M. AL Quran, PhD, MSc Med; Bashar A. Rashan, MS; Ziad N. AL-Dwairi, PhD The widespread use of endosseous osseointegrated implants
More informationSCD Case Study. Attachments in Prosthodontics
SCD Case Study Attachments in Prosthodontics Precision attachments are retention units milled out of alloy. They have male and female parts that fit together with tolerances of 10 microns. It is important
More information/NobelReplace Ø4.3mm. /NobelReplace Ø3.5mm
Neoss Matrix Manual Neoss Matrix System Introduction The Neoss Matrix System has been designed to facilitate the fabrication of custom designed gold, titanium, other alloys and ceramic abutments or frameworks,
More informationIn-Silico approach on Offset placement of implant-supported bridges placed in bone of different density in Orthodontics.
In-Silico approach on Offset placement of implant-supported bridges placed in bone of different density in Orthodontics. Chandrasenan.P 1, Vishnu.G 2, Akshay K Nair 3 1M Tech student, Department of Mechanical
More informationScanning electron microscope evaluation of marginal discrepancy of gold and base metal implant-supported prostheses with three fabrication methods
Original Article Scanning electron microscope evaluation of marginal discrepancy of gold and base metal implant-supported prostheses with three fabrication methods Hakimeh Siadat, Ali Mirfazaelian, Marzieh
More informationIMMEDIATE LOADED IMPLANTS IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS: CLINICAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS USING BIOTEC TRE AND KORUM SP IMPLANTS
ARTICLES MB IMMEDIATE LOADED IMPLANTS IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS: CLINICAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS USING BIOTEC TRE AND KORUM SP IMPLANTS F. Vedove, F. Soda Smile Service, Bassano del Grappa, Vicenza, Italy
More informationSimpleLine II Surgical / Prosthesis Manual
SimpleLine II Surgical / Prosthesis Manual SimpleLine II SURGICAL MANUAL Surgical Drill Sequence 04 Fixture Installation 05 Fixture Connection 06 Surgical Kit Maintenance 08 Warnings 09 04 SimpleLine ll
More informationEFFECTIVE DATE: 04/24/14 REVISED DATE: 04/23/15, 04/28/16, 06/22/17, 06/28/18 POLICY NUMBER: CATEGORY: Dental
MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: DENTAL IMPLANTS PAGE: 1 OF: 5 If a product excludes coverage for a service, it is not covered, and medical policy criteria do not apply. If a commercial product (including an Essential
More informationImplant-based fixed rehabilitation of
CLINICAL Treatment of a Maxillary Dento-Alveolar Defect Using an Immediately Loaded Definitive Zygoma Implant-Retained Prosthesis With 11-Month Follow-Up: A Clinical Report Mirza Rustum Baig, MDS, MRD
More informationDepartment of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
239 Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 55, No. 3, 239-244, 2013 Original Stress distribution in fixed-partial prosthesis and peri-implant bone tissue with different framework materials and vertical misfit levels:
More informationAbutment level impression Ⅰ. Combi abutment/dual abutment Multi units
Pr osthetic par t Abutment level impression Ⅰ Combi abutment/dual abutment Multi units Prosthetic part Remove Cover screw Prosthetic part Remove Healing abutment Prosthetic part Select suitable Combi abutment,
More informationResearch Article Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2012, Article ID 374315, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/374315 Research Article Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks
More informationHeight* FC width Prep depth RC width 4.0mm+ 4.3mm N/A 6.3mm
STERN ERA IMPLANT ABUTMENT Summary Resilient precision overdenture attachment. Universal hinge with vertical movement. Titanium abutment, nylon male. Manufactured for most popular screw and cylinder implants.
More informationKAREN O. From Failure to Fantastic
KAREN O From Failure to Fantastic THE Pi TEAM THOMAS J. BALSHI, DDS, PhD, FACP GLENN J. WOLFINGER, DMD, FACP JAMES R. BOWERS, DDS IAN SMITH, DMD KAREN O Karen suffered from painful and swollen gum tissue
More informationFixed full-arch implant-supported acrylic resin prostheses
Tooth Fractures in Fixed Full-Arch Implant-Supported Acrylic Resin Prostheses: A Retrospective Clinical Study Javier Ventura, PhD, DMD 1 /Emilio Jiménez-Castellanos, PhD, DMD 2 / José Romero, PhD, DMD
More informationNEW. The SmartFix Concept Prosthetic solution on tilted implants. SmartFix
NEW The SmartFix Concept Prosthetic solution on tilted implants SmartFix The SmartFix Concept Prosthetic solution on tilted implants The SmartFix Concept is an effective and time-saving technique for immediate
More informationMAURO FRADEANI, MD, DDS
ESTHETIC REHABILITATION IN FIXED PROSTHODONTICS PROSTHETIC MAURO FRADEANI, MD, DDS Private Practice Pesaro and Milan, Italy TREATMENT A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO ESTHETIC, BIOLOGIC, AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION
More informationProsthodontic Rehabilitation with Overdenture Using Modified Impression Technique: A Case Report
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 10 Ver.VII (Oct. 2015), PP 102-107 www.iosrjournals.org Prosthodontic Rehabilitation with Overdenture
More informationLect. 14 Prosthodontics Dr. Osama
Lect. 14 Prosthodontics Dr. Osama Principles of Removable Partial Denture Design Difference in Prosthesis Support and Influence on Design: For a tooth-supported prosthesis, the movement potential is less
More informationIndian Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences August 2016;3(8) ISSN: ISSN: DOI: /zenodo Impact Factor: 3.
HYBRID VS CERAMOMETAL IMPLANT PROSTHESIS Dr.Rahul Patil* *Mds Prosthodontics, Senior Lecturer Sddc Dental College, Parbhani Keywords: Abstract A completely edentulous patient has few treatment options
More informationMarginal Accuracy Analysis of Cast Base Metal Implant Frame Works- An In Vitro Study
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 5 Ver. 14(May. 2018), PP 63-68 www.iosrjournals.org Marginal Accuracy Analysis of Cast Base
More informationPART 6. Implant Prosthodontics
PART 6 Implant Prosthodontics 26/11/2015 LIMU Dr. Rafik M. Alkowafi 188 In many respects the prosthodontic treatment for a single tooth is straightforward if the planning and placement of the implant is
More informationFit of Screw-Retained Fixed Implant Frameworks Fabricated by Different Methods: A Systematic Review
Fit of Screw-Retained Fixed Implant Frameworks Fabricated by Different Methods: A Systematic Review Jaafar Abduo, BDS, DClinDent a /Karl Lyons, BDS, MDS, FRACDS b /Vincent Bennani, DDS, PhD b / Neil Waddell,
More informationCHECK-UP Determination of Impression type & Method after implant placement
CHECK-UP Determination of Impression type & Method after implant placement Fixture level impression Abutment level impression Transfer impression Conventional method Pick-up impression Plastic impression
More informationIN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE PRECISION OF WORKING CASTS FOR IMPLANT-SUPPORTED RESTORATION WITH MULTIPLE ABUTMENTS
www.fob.usp.br/revista or www.scielo.br/jaos J Appl Oral Sci. 2007;15(3):241-6 IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE PRECISION OF WORKING CASTS FOR IMPLANT-SUPPORTED RESTORATION WITH MULTIPLE ABUTMENTS Anderson Almeida
More informationIMPRESSION PROCEDURES TRAINING MANUAL
IMPRESSION PROCEDURES TRAINING MANUAL 01 01 A.B. DENTAL A.B. Dental is proud to present this impression taking procedure protocol. This manual explains, step by step, the procedure while using A.B. Dental
More informationThe accuracy of the transfer of the implant. Effect of Splinting in Accuracy of Two Implant Impression Techniques RESEARCH
RESEARCH Effect of Splinting in Accuracy of Two Implant Impression Techniques Erica Dorigatti de Avila, PhD 1 * Fernanda de Matos Moraes, DDS 1 Sabrina Maria Castanharo, PhD 1 Marcelo Antonialli Del Acqua,
More informationThe LOCATOR concept. Simplicity and versatility for prosthesis fixation
The concept Simplicity and versatility for prosthesis fixation The concept Experience the freedom in prosthesis fixation Simple and secure fixation of implant-supported prostheses is essential for successful
More informationPROSTHETIC PROCEDURE for TS & GS Implant System
Edition 03/2012 Prosthetic Procedure for TS & GS Implant System PROSTHETIC PROCEDURE for TS & GS Implant System OSSTEM Germany GmbH Mergenthalerallee 25 D-65760 Eschborn Tel: +49 (0) 61 96 / 777 55-0 www.osstem.com
More informationACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR DENTAL LABORTATORY TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS Frequency of Citings Based on Required Areas of Compliance
Page 1 ACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR DENTAL LABORTATORY TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS Frequency of Citings Based on Required Areas of Compliance Total Number of Programs Evaluated: 10 January 1, 2014 through
More informationSPECIALIST IN CUSTOMIZED PROSTHETICS
STRAUMANN CARES digital solutions SPECIALIST IN CUSTOMIZED PROSTHETICS Excellent solutions with Straumann Specialist in customized prosthetics Digitalizing your workflow Attaining an accurate restoration
More informationProsthetic Options in Implant Dentistry. Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor
Prosthetic Options in Dentistry Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics & Dental s Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
More informationProsthodontic Procedure
Prosthodontic Procedure TSH BNT Regeneration Implant Systems CAD-CAM Digital Solutions Services Important: before using Phibo The innovative and patented design of the Phibo implant systems incorporates
More informationLocator retained mandibular complete prosthesis (isy Implant System)
Locator retained mandibular complete prosthesis (isy Implant System) Mucosa-supported complete prostheses with poor fit greatly reduce people's quality of life. This is why the importance of implant-supported
More informationSmarter Thinking. Simpler Design. TiLobe Prosthetic Manual for PrimaConnex & Genesis implants
Smarter Thinking. Simpler Design. TiLobe Prosthetic Manual for PrimaConnex & Genesis implants Dear Customer, Thank you for allowing Keystone Dental Inc. the opportunity to provide solutions which we hope
More informationIn This Issue. Additional Articles: Complex Oral Rehabilitation...14 on Implants Cristian Petri, DT
In This Issue Complex Oral Rehabilitation...14 on Implants Cristian Petri, DT Beautiful Esthetics for an All-on-4...34 Ceramic Screw-Retained Bridge Luke S. Kahng, CDT Conversion of Acrylic Hybrid...52
More informationBAR MODIFICATION FOR IMPROVING COMPOSITE-RESIN TO RIDGE DESIGN
MasterClass Workshop BAR MODIFICATION FOR IMPROVING COMPOSITE-RESIN TO RIDGE DESIGN New prosthetic offerings including esthetic and functional solutions with complex restorations. Robert Kreyer, CDT Saj
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR USE STRAUMANN VARIOBASE ABUTMENT. Straumann Variobase Abutment
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE STRAUMANN VARIOBASE ABUTMENT Straumann Variobase Abutment The ITI (International Team for Implantology) is the academic partner of Institut Straumann in the areas of research and education.
More informationThe key to exceptional craft lies in exceptional materials.
Advanced digital materials for superior results. B 16ZX4822_Zirlux Brochure_Cover.indd 2 1/26/16 3:54 PM Today s dental laboratory is faced with a variety of challenges when selecting materials to incorporate
More informationThe Brånemark osseointegration method, using titanium dental implants (fixtures)
Early Failures in 4,641 Consecutively Placed Brånemark Dental Implants: A Study From Stage 1 Surgery to the Connection of Completed Prostheses Bertil Friberg, DDS/Torsten Jemt, DDS, PhD/Ulf Lekholm, DDS,
More informationUniversal Plunger Loc Attachment
Universal Plunger Loc Attachment www.preat.com 800-232-7732 Universal Plunger Loc Complete Universal 7.5mm length TI plunger attachment. Compatible with Lew Passive and Swiss Loc NG. 1.5mm plunger, 7.5mm
More informationRestoring Straumann implants. with Locator abutments.
Restoring Straumann implants with Locator abutments. 1 1 Straumann is the industrial partner of the ITI (International Team for Implantology) in the areas of research, development, and education. Contents.
More informationAdvanced restorative techniques and the full mouth reconstruction: the use of gold copings in bridgework
Clinical Advanced restorative techniques and the full mouth reconstruction: the use of gold copings in bridgework Paul Tipton 1 Introduction From the studies produced by Lindhe and Nyman, described earlier
More informationWatson Dental Lab Fixed Hybrid Protocol
Watson Dental Lab Fixed Hybrid Protocol Watson Dental Lab has put Protocols in place to: Ensure maximum quality and fit of the final restoration. Maximize Dr. /Patient/ Lab communication and participation
More informationMulti-unit abutment bar overdenture
Multi-unit abutment bar overdenture Use this technique for the fabrication of a multiple-unit, implant-supported, screw-retained bar with an overdenture in a totally edentulous patient. component options
More informationComponents Of Implant Protective Occlusion A Review
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Dental Science Volume 7 Number 2 Components Of Implant Protective Occlusion A Review E Prashanti, K Sumanth, J Reddy Citation E Prashanti, K Sumanth, J Reddy. Components
More informationSURVEYING OF REMOVABLE PARITAL DENTURES FEB, 11, 2015
SURVEYING OF REMOVABLE PARITAL DENTURES FEB, 11, 2015 Dental Surveyor: It is a mechanical device used to determine the relative parallelism of the teeth surfaces and the undercuts areas in relation to
More information