COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE THE SEALANTS ADHESION ON ENAMEL SURFACE
|
|
- Theodore Riley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE THE SEALANTS ADHESION ON ENAMEL SURFACE A. ROTARU 1, 2, T. TESLARU 1, I. CHIRAP 1, A.M. PRODAN 1, 2, N. DUMITRASCU 1 1 Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Physics, Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), 11 Carol I Avenue, Iasi, Romania, s: adinabirgaoanu@yahoo.com; teslaruteodora@yahoo.com; kyrry_19@yahoo.com; nicoleta.dumitrascu@uaic.ro 2 Apollonia University of Iasi, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 2 Muzicii St., Iasi, , Romania, anne_maryy2009@yahoo.com Received June 19, 2015 Traditional approaches to treat caries, in a surgical manner, were replaced by new strategies that focus on preventing disease and preserving intact tooth structure. One of the most efficient methods of teeth decay preventions is the sealing. The success of the sealant application technique on the enamel surface depends on the maintenance of tooth isolation, adequate rinsing and efficient photopolymerization and cooperation with patients (children). The purpose of this research is to improve adhesion of sealants on the enamel surface of tooth by various pretreatment techniques. Posterior teeth, recently extracted for orthodontic reasons, free of caries, were treated by acid etching, UV radiations and plasma. Plasma was generated in a dielectric barrier discharge with asymmetrical configuration of electrodes, working at atmospheric pressure in helium. The control of plasma parameters was assured by electrical and optical diagnosis and the main surface properties of enamel implied in the sealant adhesion, respectively roughness and wettability, were investigated by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Key words: enamel sealant interface, acid etching, UV radiations, plasma treatments. 1. INTRODUCTION At the beginning, dental caries was considered a disease with irreversible changes, a chronic destructive process that evolves without causing inflammatory phenomena, typical dental hard tissue necrosis and finally, pulp infection [1]. Nowadays, tooth decay is seen as a dynamic process conducted at the interface between plaque and tooth [1]. A review of epidemiological data currently available in several countries shows that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries. The United States Surgeon General's report that tooth decay is the most common chronic disease of children aged between 5 and 17 years, being five times more common than asthma [2]. Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 61, Nos. 3 4, P , Bucharest, 2016
2 2 Techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface 667 Poor oral health is harmful to children because it affects their nutritional status, growth and development. Caria and its complications affect quality of life, both physically and physiologically, and premature loss of teeth can lead to a variety of consequences, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, aesthetic and psychological. Scientific research continues to make progress in identifying best practices for diagnosing, treating, and preventing tooth decay. Traditional approaches to treat caries in a surgical manner were replaced by new strategies that focus on preventing disease and preserving tooth structure. Since about 50% of school children caries are located mainly in the occlusal surfaces [3] and fluoride treatments are less effective in these areas having sought ways to achieve isolation of teeth from oral environment, sealing is one of them. Sealing is defined as the procedure of application and mechanical joining of a composite material or glassionomer to the demineralized enamel surface, covering the occlusal pit, fissures and isolating them from the environment. The idea of coverage of occlusal surfaces with un even relief dates back about a century, but was considered a serious method of orodental prevention since 1950, when it was discovered and introduced into practice acid etching. In the dental fissures, as is well known, in the early years after the eruption of the permanent teeth, are well expressed, food retention occurs, which creates favorable conditions to the germs growth. This explains the high frequency of fissure caries in the near tooth after eruption. Attention should be paid to the first permanent molars, which are termed the key occlusion. To achieve sealing of occlusal surface are used many types of materials, but the most popular are resins, photo or self curing. The polymerization of composites is accomplished by chemical or visible light activation, the last method being the most common. The polymerization is initiated by various sources of radiations, with a wavelength varying between 450 and 490 nm. A 6% reduction in voltage causes a corresponding reduction in intensity, usually 25% in some lamps. The intensity is not uniform for all illuminated areas, being higher in the center and decreasing with the distance from the source. It was found that the change in intensity produces no significant changes in the depth of penetration in enamel. The standard exposure time of radiation is 20 seconds and a source for sealant failure could be the impossibility of polymerization process control on children or uncooperative patients [4]. The composite adhesion onto the enamel surface is the result of the polymer matrix bonding at a rough surface, primarily due to mechanical retention [5]. To maintain an optimal resistance, the surface should be demineralized with 30 50% phosphoric acid, creating mechanical micro-retentions. The adequate connection to enamel depends on the dry carved surface, perfectly isolated from the humidity and the mucoproteins from saliva [6]. Many studies demonstrated that isolation represents a major retentive factor, moreover, in order to assure an optimal adhesion to occlusal surfaces, the sealers must have a high superficial tension and a low viscosity [7].
3 668 A. Rotaru et al. 3 The application technique of sealant on the enamel surface is the same for all modern materials as following: rigorous cleaning, tooth isolation which aims to not impede the sealant adhesion due to the persistent moisture, etching, washing and careful drying, applying sealant and polymerization. Laboratory tests have indicated that the most critical moment of the application procedure is the maintenance of tooth isolation, as contamination with saliva, more than 1 min during the acid attack and during the polymerization process, can produce superficial defects after reaching equilibrium by absorbing water. Although the literature mentions that occlusal caries incidence decreased after sealing up to 90%, our attention must focus on the difficulties of classic technique, respectively maintaining isolation, inadequate rinsing allowing phosphoric salts to remain on the enamel surface, interfering as a contaminant of the bond between the sealant and enamel [7], or the lesions of patients who have not good oral hygiene, inefficient curing at uncooperative patients (children). These impediments shape the need to introduce innovative approaches using the latest technologies. The introduction of cold plasma beams as technique in dental practice offers a unique opportunity to improve retention and adhesion of sealants to the enamel surface, decreasing the duration of procedures and preserving the enamel quality. Practically, the direct action of plasma beam onto the enamel surface optimizes adhesion between tooth substrate and restorative materials. Plasma is widely used in various biomedical applications taking into account its known effects such as cleaning, activation and functionalization or etching [8, 9]. In this way different types of implants can be improved, assuring a higher compatibility with the human or biological media [10]. In dental applications plasma is used for surface treatments to enhance the adhesion between resin based materials and various substrates, such as acrylic denture base resin [11]. In additions, plasma can be used for endodontic disinfections [12] and tooth bleaching [13]. In our paper we present a comparison of different techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface. 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. MATERIALS In our study we used posterior teeth, recently extracted for orthodontic reasons (premolar sand molars), free of caries. After extraction, the teeth were cleaned with 3% hydrogen peroxide (S.C. Hipocrate SRL, Romania) from the remaining connective tissue and debris, and then stored in 0.9% NaCl (m/v) intravenous infusion (308 mosm/l osmolarity, Hemofarm) at room temperature. Each tooth was cutted in 4 flattest sections of enamel using a diamond disc superflexibile (Dental Future Systems, Germany) with 0.17 mm thickness and 22 mm diameter. The samples were washed with distilled water and stored in 0.9%
4 4 Techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface 669 NaCl (m/v). Prior to acid, UV and plasma treatments, the samples were dried at 37 o C for 30 min. Phosphoric acid type gel was procured from SpofaDental, Czech Republic. The helium (He, % spectral purity, Messer Gas SRL, Romania) gas was used to generate plasma beam for enamel surface modification METHODS In this study we have proposed three methods to improve adhesion of sealants on the enamel surface as follow: acid etching, UV and plasma beam treatments. 37.5% phosphoric acid type gel was applied on the enamel surface for 60 s, subsequently washed with water for 60 s and dried at room temperature. UV source was a type Curing light UV lamp (SMACO, model SLC III, China) with wavelength between 430 and 485 nm, 5 W power, Hz frequency, working in a.c. mode. The time of UV radiation exposure was 60 s and maximum intensity of the source was maintained at a distance of 1 mm from the enamel surface. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with asymmetrical configuration of electrodes (Fig. 1), working at atmospheric pressure in helium, was used to generate a plasma beam for enamel surface treatment. Helium flow rate was fixed at 3 L/min using an electronic flow meter (MKS, type 1179B) and a flow controller (MKS, type 247). The band gap between the power and ground electrodes was 1cm and the diameter of plasma beam was 2 mm. High voltage pulses are applied on HV electrode using a digital waveform generator (Tabor Electronics, WW5064) and a high voltage amplifier (Trek Model, PD07016). The waveform of applied signal was a square type, 5 kv amplitude and 2 khz frequency. The duration of plasma beam pretreatment was 10 s. The control of plasma beam was assured by electrical and optical diagnosis giving a surety related to the reproducibility of the effects onto the enamel surface. The waveform of applied voltage and discharge current were recorded using a digital oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS5034B). The optical emission spectrum of light emitted by DBD discharge was collected by the use of an optical fiber and a monochromator (Triax 550) with CCD detector. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Water Contact Angle Measurements (CAM), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface properties of enamel. The enamel surface morphology was studied by an atomic force microscope (NT-MDT, Solver Pro-M) working in the tapping mode and using standard silicon nitride tips with a radius of approx. 10 nm (NT-MDT, NSG03). The topography and phase images were recorded for each sample, on several scanned areas, from 10 µm 10 µm to 3 µm 3 µm. The root mean square roughness (R rms ) and average roughness (R a ) were calculated for each scanned sample by the use of Nova software.
5 670 A. Rotaru et al. 5 Fig. 1 Dielectric barrier discharge set-up used for pretreatment of enamel surface. The evaluation of enamel surface wettability was made by contact angle measurements based on the sessile drop method (1 µl, volume of drop). It used an optical system with a telescope, 20 magnification and a photo camera (Optika Microscopy Digital USB camera), and all measurements were performed at room temperature. ImageJ (version 1.40g) software was used to evaluate the contact angles and the standard deviation for each set of values was ± 2 o. The thermodynamic work of adhesion ( W ) was calculated by the use of a Young s equation, i.e., W 1 cos (1) a lv where: is the surface tension of the test liquid (for water lv lv is 72.8 mn/m) and contact angle of the test liquid drop onto the enamel surface [14]. The UV Vis spectra of teeth before and after various treatments were recorded in the range of nm using an Analytik Jena AG Specord RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS During the enamel surface treatment, the applied voltage and discharge current were maintained constantly at 5 kv and 11 ma, respectively. Optical emission spectrum of the DBD discharge in helium (Fig. 2) shows the presence of excited species of pure helium. In addition to helium lines (at nm, nm, nm, nm, nm), other species specific to impurities were identified in the discharge volume, such as atomic oxygen (at nm), molecular nitrogen (at nm, nm, nm, nm),
6 6 Techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface 671 nitrogen molecular ion (N 2 + ) (at nm nm, and 470 nm) and free radical (OH) (at nm) [15, 16]. Fig. 2 Optical emission spectra of light emitted by DBD discharge. A good dental adhesion entails a strong contact between the adhesive and the adherent surface. In general a hydrophobic material does not provide a supreme contact to a hydrophilic surface [17, 18]. Therefore surface modification for wettability enhancement is required to improve adhesion of sealant on the enamel surface. The water contact angle changes, of enamel surface after different treatments, are shown in Table 1. Our results show that the wettability of enamel surface is modified by each method, the highest adhesion work being obtained in the case of acid etching pretreatment. If we compare with the control, also the plasma beam induces a benefic increase of the adhesion work, as a measure of the surface capability to enhance the sealant adhesion. Table 1 Water contact angle measurements, θ, onto enamel surface before and after the three methods of pretreatment Sample Control 60s acid 60s UV 10s plasma 70 ± 2 32 ± 2 56 ± 2 46 ± 2 W a [mn/m]
7 672 A. Rotaru et al. 7 Surface roughness of tooth enamel is another important factor to evaluate the surface modifications. The acid etching method increases substantially the roughness of enamel surface (R rms = nm) compared with untreated one (R rms = = 37.9 nm) (Fig. 3). a) b) Fig. 3 AFM images 3D and 2D, µm 2 of untreated enamel surface: (a) morphology (R rms = 37.9 nm); (b) phase image. The enamel surface treated 10 s with plasma beam presents a roughness (Fig. 4e) which can be considered favorable for sealant adhesion. No significative changes were observed for tooth enamel exposed for 60 sec to UV radiations (Table 2). Table 2 Average roughness (R a ) and the root mean square roughness (R rms ) of the enamel surface before and after different treatments Sample Control 60s acid 60s UV 10s plasma R a R rms R a R rms R a R rms R a R rms [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] µm µm The optical transmission spectra of enamel samples (Fig. 5) were measured between 400 and 800 nm. It was observed that the transmittance for all samples increased gradually with wavelength. The height value of transmittance was obtained for acid etching. No significant changes for UV radiation and plasma were observed compared with untreated one. Thus it was demonstrated that by acid etching, the enamel loose dental tissue while UV radiations and plasma treatment does not affect the enamel structure.
8 8 Techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface 673 a) b) c) d) e) f) Fig. 4 AFM images 3D and 2D, µm 2 of treated enamel surface with: (a, b) acid (R rms = nm); (c, d) UV radiation (R rms = 63.7 nm); (e, f) plasma (R rms = nm).
9 674 A. Rotaru et al. 9 Fig. 5 Optical transmission spectra of enamel sample treated by three methods. 4. CONCLUSIONS By this study we compare the effects induced by three techniques of pretreatment of enamel surface for the subsequent sealant adhesion. Thus, we observed that our method based on a plasma beam, due to its energies and special composition, has a higher efficiency in the increase of roughness and wettability, without provoking undesired effects related to chemical modifications or destruction of enamel layer just to dentin. Furthermore, 10 seconds of treatment appear to be enough to assure an increased roughness and wettability, as main conditions assuring a better adhesion of sealant onto the tooth. In our opinion, a plasma beam working at atmospheric pressure in helium or other gases could be implemented in dental practice as method aiming to improve the sealant adhesion at the enamel surface. However, in vivo tests will be necessary to prove the stability of sealant coatings onto the teeth in the oral cavity. Acknowledgment. This work was supported by the strategic grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/137750, Project Doctoral and Postdoctoral programs support for increased competitiveness in Exact Sciences research cofinanced by the European Social Found within the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Development REFERENCES 1. A.A. Iliescu, Cariologie şi odontoterapie restaurativă, Ed. Med. Bucureşti, M.R. Benjamin, Oral Health: The Silent Epidemic, Public Health Rep., 125, (2010).
10 10 Techniques used to improve the sealants adhesion on enamel surface A.A. Iliescu, M. Gafar, Cariologie şi odontoterapie restauratoare, Ed. Med. Bucureşti, R.G. Craig, Restorative dental materials, Mosby, St. Louis, X. Dong, M. Chen, Y. Wang, Q. Yu, A mechanistic study of plasma treatment effects on demineralized dentin surfaces for improved adhesive/dentin interface bonding, Clin. Plasma Med., 2, 1 16 (2014). 6. A.C. Ritts, H. Li, Q. Yu, C. Xu, X. Yao, L. Hong, Y. Wang, Dentin surface treatment using a non thermal argon plasma bruch for interfacial bonding improvement composite restoration, Eur. J. Oral Sci. 118, (2010). 7. C. Varlan, B. Dimitriu, D. Stanciu, I. Suciu, L. Chirila, Guide for aesthetic restoration dentin bonding dental enamel, SSER, Romania, N. Inagaki, K. Narushima, S. K. Lim, Effects of aromatic groups in polymer chains on plasma surface modification, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89, (2003). 9. C. Borcia, G. Borcia, N. Dumitrascu, Surface treatment of polymers by plasma and UV radiation, Rom. J. Phys., 56, (2011). 10. A. Simon, O. Dinu, M. Papiu, V. Simon, H. Mocuta, J. Papp, S. D. Anghel, Comparative studies on the structural properties of plasma treated bioglasses and composites, Rom. J. Phys., 57, (2012). 11. G.J. Han, J.H. Kim, S.N. Chung, B.H. Chun, C.K. Kim, D.G. Seo, H.H. Son, B.H. Cho, Effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure pulsed plasma on the adhesion and durability of resin composite to dentin, Euro. J. Oral Sci., 122, (2014). 12. C. Jiang, M.T Chen., C. Schaudinn, A. Gorur, P.T. Vernier, W. Costerton, D.E. Jaramillo, P.P. Sedghizadeh, M. A. Gundersen, Pulsed atmospheric-pressure cold plasma for endodontic disinfection, IEEE T. Plasma Sci., 37, (2009). 13. M. Schmeling, H.P Maia, L.N. Baratieri, Opalescence of bleached teeth, J. Dent., 40, (2012). 14. A. Baldan, Adhesion phenomena in bonded joints, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 38, (2012). 15. NIST Atomic Spectra Database Line Data (wavelength order) (2014). 16. C.D. Tudoran, V. Surducan, A. Simon, A.M Papiu, O.E. Dinu, S.D. Anghel, High frequency inverter based atmospheric pressure plasma treatment system, Rom. J. Phys., 57, (2012). 17. M. Chen, Y. Zhang, M.S. Driverc, A.N Carusoc, Q. Yu, Y. Wanga, Surface modification of several dental substrates by non-thermal, atmospheric plasma brush, Dent. Mater., 29, (2013). 18. Y. Zhang, Q. Yu, Y. Wang, Non-thermal atmospheric plasmas in dental restoration: Improved resin adhesive penetration, J. Dent., 42, (2014).
Surface Wettability Improvement of Heat Curing Acrylic Resin by Direct. Current (DC) Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Surface Wettability Improvement of Heat Curing Acrylic Resin by Direct Current (DC) Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma H. Pan 1,2, G. Wang 1, G. Ye 1,2, K. Sun 1,2, Y. Li 1,2, J. Pan 3, J. Wang 2,
More informationstabilisation and surface protection
Guiding the way to caries stabilisation and surface protection Fissure sealing MI restorations Pulp capping Hypersensitivity Protection Caries stabilisation Fuji Triage from GC. Temporary restorations
More informationOliNano Seal Professional prophylaxis for long-term protection
Professional prophylaxis for long-term protection NEW The patented formula of silicone polymer NANO Technology General information Dental health is one of the main factors to maintain overall health, and
More informationRESINOMER Dual- Bisco. Instructions for Use. Cured Amalgam Bonding/Luting System
Bisco RESINOMER Dual- Cured Amalgam Bonding/Luting System 0459 Instructions for Use IN-029R9 Rev. 10/17 BISCO, Inc. 1100 W. Irving Park Road Schaumburg, IL 60193 U.S.A. 1-847-534-6000 1-800-247-3368 Caution:
More informationOcclusal Surface Management
Occlusal Surface Management Sealant With Fluoride? Preventive Class I Resin Restoration Class I Glass Ionomer Primary Teeth Class I Composite Class I Amalgam PIT and FISSURE SEALANTS Contraindications
More informationPress Release. Press Contact. The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results
Press Release The concept for Class II restoration Delicate preparation, rapid procedure and reliable results by Dr. Arzu Tuna and Dr. Umut Baysal, Attendorn, Germany Composite restorations have always
More informationEtching with EDTA- An in vitro study
ISSN 0970-4388 Etching with EDTA- An in vitro study BOGRA P a, KASWAN S b ABSTRACT: In the present study, 25% EDTA, in gel form, was used to analyse its micromorphological effects on tooth surfaces with
More informationXPS surface analysis of human tooth samples with EnviroESCA
Application Note #000396 KeyWords XPS, Human Tissue, Tooth, Measurements, Surface Analysis XPS surface analysis of human tooth samples with EnviroESCA Human teeth from an adult and a baby were studied
More informationThe electrical properties of ZnO MSM Photodetector with Pt Contact Electrodes on PPC Plastic
Journal of Electron Devices, Vol. 7, 21, pp. 225-229 JED [ISSN: 1682-3427 ] Journal of Electron Devices www.jeldev.org The electrical properties of ZnO MSM Photodetector with Pt Contact Electrodes on PPC
More informationGlass Ionomers. Reputable, Durable, Long Lasting
Glass Ionomers Reputable, Durable, Long Lasting Conventional Glass Ionomer Restoratives Glass Ionomeres Technology more up-to-date than ever before! Successfull well proven material Exhibit biocompatibility
More informationRelyX Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Frequently Asked Questions
RelyX Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Frequently Asked Questions Q1. What about the clinical history of The first restorations were cemented with RelyX Unicem cement in 2001. The excellent
More informationContinually Fluoride Releasing Aesthetic Dental Restorative Material
Continually Fluoride Releasing Aesthetic Dental Restorative Material Research is our best product Image provided by Dr. Sushil Koirala BEAUTIFIL II More than just filling BEAUTIFIL II stands out for its
More informationClinical report. Drs Paul and Alexandre MIARA and F. CONNOLLY COMPOSITE POSTERIOR FILLINGS. How to control. layering? 8 - Dentoscope n 124
COMPOSITE POSTERIOR FILLINGS How to control layering? 8 - Dentoscope n 124 CV FLASH Dr Paul MIARA Dental surgeon Dr Alexandre MIARA Dental surgeon Dr F. CONNOLLY Dental surgeon Thanks to continuous improvements
More informationDetailed Step-by Step Instruction for Chairside Splinting
Dentapreg TM Splint - Procedures Basic Procedures in Short Splinting with Dentapreg TM strip always includes several basic procedures repeated in all particular clinical situations: (A) Clean the bonding
More informationBioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology
R R Breakthrough! BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology The only bioactive pit and fissure sealant that provides relentless protection through daily release of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ions. Bioactive
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - Variolink Esthetic - ExciTE F DSC Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing
More informationFiltek LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System Case 1: Cusp build-up
Case 1 This case study focuses on the restoration of an upper molar. Filtek LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System Case 1: Cusp build-up The existing, inadequate restoration led to the development
More informationSURFACE ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACRYLIC BIOMATERIALS
Biomaterials SURFACE ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACRYLIC BIOMATERIALS Mihaela-P\pu[a Vasiliu (Diaconu) 1, Daniela Ivona Tomi]a 2, Delia Spridon 3, Nicoleta Dumitra[cu 4, G. Costin 5, Carmen Stadoleanu
More informationKetac Universal Aplicap
Ketac Universal Aplicap Technical Data Sheet 2 Introduction Ketac Universal Aplicap is the latest development in a long history of proven glass ionomer technology from 3M. It s designed to save steps for
More informationCHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF OXALIC ACID ON THE OPTICAL, THERMAL, DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADP CRYSTALS
67 CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF OXALIC ACID ON THE OPTICAL, THERMAL, DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADP CRYSTALS 4.1 INTRODUCTION Oxalic acid is a hydrogen-bonded material. It is the only possible compound
More informationGeneral dentists in private practice place numerous
PROACTIVE INTERVENTION DENTISTRY Incorporating Glass Ionomers into Everyday Dental Practice Todd Snyder, DDS, FAACD, FIADFE Introduction General dentists in private practice place numerous direct tooth
More informationEQUIA. Self-Adhesive, Bulk Fill, Rapid Restorative System
EQUIA EQUIA Fil EQUIA Coat + Self-Adhesive, Bulk Fill, Rapid Restorative System From the World Leader in Glass Ionomer Technology - A Complete Glass Ionomer Based Bulk Fill Rapid Restorative System Class
More informationCeramic Based Aesthetic CAD/CAM Restorative
Ceramic Based Aesthetic CAD/CAM Restorative Create Natural Aesthetics with High-Strength Materials SHOFU Block HC and Disk HC are the latest generation of hybrid-ceramic restorative materials for use with
More informationUNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM. PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine
UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEM PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND Light-Cured Adhesive with Chlorhexidine 1 TOTAL-ETCH PEAK UNIVERSAL BOND SELF-ETCH UNIVERSAL BONDING The Peak Universal Adhesive System features a universal
More informationBioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology
new! BioCoat Featuring SmartCap Technology Premier s new bioactive pit and fissure sealant provides relentless protection, outstanding adhesion and extended fluoride release. Bioactive Release - Uptake
More informationThe Effects of the Acid Etch and Direct Bonding Technique in Orthodontics on Enamel Surface Topography
J. Dent. Ass. S. Afr. Vol. 31, No 10 pp 509-513 The Effects of the Acid Etch and Direct Bonding Technique in Orthodontics on Enamel Surface Topography P L Sadowsky and D H Retief Department of Orthodontics,
More informationvalues is of great interest.
User Report Dr. Ralph Schönemann, May 21, 2008 There are numerous self-etchbonding systems on the market that sometimes differ very much from one another with regards to their chemical composition. It
More informationUsed Products. Variolink N LC. Proxyt fluoride-free. OptraStick. Ivoclean. Monobond N. OptraDam. N-Etch. Tetric N-Bond.
Used Products TOOTH - Veneer - Glass-ceramics - Variolink N LC - Tetric N-Bond Variolink N LC The microfilled, purely light-curing luting composite system Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride
More informationNear-UV light detection
C L I N I C A L Near-UV light detection Javier Tapia Guadix 1 Near-UV light induced fluorescence has already proven to be very useful as an alternative to classic caries-detector dyes. However its potential
More informationriva helping you help your patients
riva helping you help your patients what is a glass ionomer? how will a dentist benefit from using glass ionomers? how will a patient benefit from their glass ionomer? Glass ionomer is the generic name
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Non-retentive preparation - Variolink Esthetic - Adhese Universal Variolink Esthetic The esthetic, light- and dual-curing adhesive luting system Proxyt
More informationBreakthrough Performance
Technique Guide How to get Breakthrough Performance using TM Adper TM Prompt Self-Etch Adhesive ILLUSTRATED INSIDE: How to properly activate the L-Pop Applicator Direct light-cure restoration Sealing pits
More informationIs there any clinical evidence?
Current treatment objectives Anticariogenic capacity of restorative materials in paediatric dentistry: in vitro evidence vs. clinical efficiency Prof. Lisa Papagianoulis Restoration with minimal intervention
More informationExamination and Treatment Protocols for Dental Caries and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease
Examination and Treatment Protocols for Dental Caries and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease Dental Caries The current understanding of the caries process supports the shift in caries management from a restorative-only
More informationPhotoluminescence spectra of sound tooth and those of different carious stages
Journal Biological Series 7(1): 000-000, January 2019 DOI: 10.15413/jbs2019.0121 2019 Academia Publishing Research Paper Photoluminescence spectra of sound tooth and those of different carious stages Accepted
More information2. Gap closure and replacement of the missing tooth 35 with directly modelled bridge region 34-36
GrandTEC Test Kit Dear User, This Test Kit has been put together to enable you to test GrandTEC on the model before using it in a clinical situation. GrandTEC is a resin-impregnated glass fibre strip.
More informationAFM SURFACE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL MODIFIED CTMP FIBERS
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY AFM SURFACE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL MODIFIED CTMP FIBERS CHONG-XING HUANG, QI-FENG YANG and SHUANG-FEI WANG College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University,
More informationSupplementary Fig. 1 Atomic force microscopy topography images Two-dimensional atomic force microscopy images (with an area of 1 m 1 m) of Cu and
Supplementary Fig. 1 Atomic force microscopy topography images Two-dimensional atomic force microscopy images (with an area of 1 m 1 m) of Cu and Cu(O = 5.0%) films deposited on 20-nm-thick ZnO films during
More informationDH220 Dental Materials
DH220 Dental Materials Lecture #5 Prof. Lamanna RDH, MS Restorative Dentistry: Glass Ionomer Bird & Robinson p.740-741 I. Use Liner Base Luting agent Restorative material: Class III, V, & eroded/abraded
More informationPreparation and making fillings Class V., III., IV.
Preparation and making fillings Class V., III., IV. Class V. Cervical defects - Dental caries - Non carious lesions (erosion, abrasion, V shaped defects) Types of defects Caries Erosion Abrasion V shaped
More informationEMDOLA Education Program: First Year Details. History of lasers: Optics data : The quantum nature of the light:
EMDOLA Education Program Module 1: Optics Module 2: Physics of lasers Module 3:Interaction laser-tissues Module 4: Laser Safety Properties of lasers Module 5:Lasers conservative dentistry Laser in caries
More informationUsed Products. Multilink Automix. Proxyt fluoride-free. OptraStick. Monobond Etch&Prime. OptraDam. Liquid Strip. OptraPol.
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Glass-ceramics - Multilink Automix Multilink Automix The universal self-curing luting composite with optional light-curing Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride
More informationOUR EXPERIENCE WITH GRADIA DIRECT IN THE RESTORATION OF ANTERIOR TEETH
ISSN: 1312-773X (Online) Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 2006, vol. 12, issue 2 OUR EXPERIENCE WITH GRADIA DIRECT IN THE RESTORATION OF ANTERIOR TEETH Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska,
More informationAdhese Universal. The universal adhesive. Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry. All in. one click
Adhese Universal The universal adhesive Direct Indirect Total-Etch Selective-Etch Self-Etch Wet & Dry All in one click 1 Universal Adhesion with advanced delivery Adhese Universal is a singlecomponent,
More informationDirect composite restorations for large posterior cavities extended range of applications for high-performance materials
Direct composite restorations for large posterior cavities extended range of applications for high-performance materials A case study by Ann-Christin Meier, Dr. med. dent., Stapelfeld, Germany When large
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing
More informationMonobond Plus is the universal primer for the conditioning of all types of restoration surfaces
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Composite - Multilink Automix Multilink Automix The universal self-curing luting composite with optional light-curing Proxyt fluoride-free Prophy paste without fluoride OptraStick
More informationEVALUATION OF COLOR CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT LESIONS OF ENAMEL FLUOROSIS USING A RESIN INFILTRATE
EVALUATION OF COLOR CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT LESIONS OF ENAMEL FLUOROSIS USING A RESIN INFILTRATE Monisha Singhal PG STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY CHANDRA DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL
More informationTechnion, Institute of Technology- Israel
Micro surface Micro surface T.A.G Dental implant surface treatment is a result of extensive experience and research which resulted in obtaining the best biological response. The success and safety of dental
More informationFuji II LC. A Perfect Choice
A Perfect Choice is a remarkable restorative material The world s first resin-reinforced glass ionomer has remained the benchmark for light cured glass ionomer cements, delivering more than 15 years of
More informationORIGINAL STUDY BRACKET BONDING TO ENAMEL AND DENTIN - ESEM STUDIES -
MEDICINĂ, no 1, 2013 ORIGINAL STUDY BRACKET BONDING TO ENAMEL AND DENTIN - ESEM STUDIES - Delia Ioana Ciocan 1, Florin Miculescu 2, Lucian Toma Ciocan 3, Dragos Stanciu 1 1 Orthodontics and Dento-Facial
More informationLASERS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS.
LASERS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS. Dr. Zsolt Tóth University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research CONTENT: LASER dental tissue interactions Laser - material
More informationTOOTH - Crown - Oxide ceramics - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products TOOTH - Crown - Oxide ceramics - Retentive preparation - Super- and equigingival - Visible margin - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing
More information1 24% 25 49% 50 74% 75 99% Every time or 100% 2. Do you assess caries risk for individual patients in any way? Yes
1. When you examine patients to determine if they have a primary caries lesion, on what percent of these patients do you use airdrying to help diagnose the lesion? Never or 0% (skip to question 3) 1 24%
More informationUsed Products. Multilink Automix. OptraDam. Total Etch. Monobond Plus. MultiCore. TOOTH - Root post - Fiber-reinforced composite - Multilink Automix
Used Products TOOTH - Root post - Fiber-reinforced composite - Multilink Automix Multilink Automix The universal self-curing luting composite with optional light-curing OptraDam Anatomically shaped rubber
More informationFIVE THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GLASS IONOMERS
FIVE THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GLASS IONOMERS FIVE THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GLASS IONOMERS Glass Ionomers Solve Clinicians Quandaries Amalgam fillings have been around for almost two centuries,
More informationStudy the hardness and temperature changes during tooth bleaching using different Laser Sources
Study the hardness and temperature changes during tooth bleaching using different Laser Sources Sinan M. Abdul-Satar Ph.D (1) Abdulla K. Abass M.Sc (1) Zainab M. Abdul-Ameer B.D.S., M.Sc (2) ABSTRACT Background:
More informationCapillary Action Around Dental Structures
Capillary Action Around Dental Structures W. J. O'BRIEN School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA The capillary action of saliva occurs in the crevices around and between
More informationColourf low. light cured dental flowable composite
Colourf low light cured dental flowable composite DENTAL LIFE SCIENCES (mfg) Ltd. Unit A3, Wigan Enterprise Court, Wigan Enterprise Park, WN2 2LE United Kingdom www.dentallifesciences.com Colourf low flowable
More informationMDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary Vol.:9 No.:2 2012
MDJ Evaluation the effect of eugenol containing temporary fillings on shear bond strength of composite restoration Dr. Farid G. Numan B.D.S., M.Sc Abstract The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate
More informationAnnotation to the lesson 21 Topic: Methods of provisory crowns fabrication. Chair-side technique. Evaluation of
Annotation to the lesson 21 Topic: Methods of provisory crowns fabrication. Chair-side technique. Evaluation of crown fitting quality Contemporary methods of restoration of tooth tissues pathology, using
More informationCERASMART. The new leader in hybrid ceramic blocks
The new leader in hybrid ceramic blocks Introducing, a new force absorbing hybrid ceramic block 20 µm Contains high density of ultra fine homogeneously-dispersed fillers in a highly cross-linked resin
More informationCalibra. Cements. The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup
Calibra Cements The Simple Choice for Easy Cleanup www.calibracement.com The Calibra family of definitive cements was designed to make it easier than ever to achieve consistent, successful results in your
More informationMICRO-INVASIVE TREATMENT OF THE NON-CAVITATED CARIOUS LESIONS IN THE SMOOTH SURFACES OF TEETH
Odontology MICRO-INVASIVE TREATMENT OF THE NON-CAVITATED CARIOUS LESIONS IN THE SMOOTH SURFACES OF TEETH Luiza Ungureanu 1, Albertine Leon 2, Anca Nicolae 3, Ciobanu Gabriela 4 1. Prof. PhD, Dept of Odontology,
More informationA real leader takes you further.
A real leader takes you further. The unmatched SDR bulk fill technology In 2009, SureFil SDR flow material with SDR technology was the first product that allowed 4mm bulk placement in flowable consistency.
More informationA real leader takes you further.
A real leader takes you further. 2017 Dentsply Sirona. All rights reserved. The unmatched SDR bulk fill technology In 2009, SureFil SDR flow with SDR technology was the first product that allowed 4mm bulk
More informationPresented by Sean Day, Stanley Gelin, Kristin O Connor, Chris Sullivan, and Brian Wilson
Different corrosive effects on hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and amine fluoride-based mouthwashes on dental titanium brackets: a comparative in vitro study Presented by Sean Day, Stanley Gelin, Kristin O
More informationDUO-LINK UNIVERSAL KIT
Bisco CE0459 DUO-LINK UNIVERSAL KIT Adhesive Cementation System Instructions for Use IN-198R2 Rev. 12/14 BISCO, Inc. 1100 W. Irving Park Road Schaumburg, IL 60193 U.S.A. 847-534-6000 1-800-247-3368 Caution:
More informationOperative dentistry. Lec: 10. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE):
Operative dentistry Lec: 10 د.عبذالمنعم الخفاجي Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE): There are 2 types: 1) Unreinforced ZOE (ordinary type): supplied as powder (zinc oxide + some additives like zinc acetate, white
More informationChange the Way You Think About Bulk Fill Composites
Change the Way You Think About Bulk Fill Composites Are you ready for bulk fill composites? Because the updated edition will blow you away! 1 Foreword by Dr. Joshua Austin, DDS As a general practitioner,
More informationReference to primary publication Properties of alginates in ZWP 4/2014 Xantalgin Crono - Introduction
Reference to primary publication in ZWP 4/2014 Dr. Marcus Holzmeier, Wuerzburg Xantalgin Crono - Highly accurate alginate impressions. Introduction Even today when digital impression techniques are gaining
More informationMonobond Plus is the universal primer for the conditioning of all types of restoration surfaces
Used Products TOOTH - Inlay, Onlay, Partial Crown - Gold - Retentive preparation - SpeedCEM Plus SpeedCEM Plus The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing option Proxyt fluoride-free
More informationPractice Impact Questionnaire
Practice Impact Questionnaire Your practitioner identifier is: XXXXXXXX It is very important that ONLY YOU complete this questionnaire because your responses will be compared to responses that you provided
More informationJordi Manauta. Shadeguides Composite onlays. Page 1 of Apr 2012
Jordi Manauta Shadeguides Composite onlays 25 Apr 2012 Indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth give us advantages to enhance the quality, durability and supreme aesthetics. An Article byâ Jordi
More informationBond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Australian Dental Journal 2006;51:(2):175-179 Bond strengths between composite resin and auto cure glass ionomer cement using the co-cure technique GM Knight,* JM McIntyre,* Mulyani*
More informationSTRATIFICATION TECHNIQUE OF A NANOCOMPOSITE USING THE SILICON GUIDE
Odontology STRATIFICATION TECHNIQUE OF A NANOCOMPOSITE USING THE SILICON GUIDE Diana PĂRĂU 1, Oana-Costina BIZGAN 2, Mariana SABĂU 3, Mona IONAŞ 3 1 DMD, Dental Medicine Dept. Clinical Hospital of Sibiu
More informationFRANK OSEI-BONSU UGDS/KBTH
FRANK OSEI-BONSU UGDS/KBTH Definition Introduction G. V. Black s concept of Restoration New classification of Caries Principles & Concept of MID Conclusion An approach to the management of dental caries
More informationCharacterization of Zinc Oxide Nanolaminate Films. B. J. Oleson, L. M. Bilke, J. S. Krueger, S. T. King
Introduction Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanolaminate Films B. J. Oleson, L. M. Bilke, J. S. Krueger, S. T. King Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin La Crosse Abstract: This project sought
More informationIMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - SpeedCEM Plus
Used Products IMPLANT - Abutment made of titanium - Crown - Lithium disilicate - Retentive abutment shape - Posterior tooth - The self-adhesive, self-curing resin cement with light-curing option OptraStick
More informationActive Care - Silver Members Minimally invasive treatment of enamel fluorosis white spot lesions
Marie Clement Active Care - Silver Members Minimally invasive treatment of enamel fluorosis white spot lesions 31 Aug 2017 A young woman presented in the dental office with a primary complaint of the presence
More informationPelagia Research Library. Comparison of microleakage in bonded amalgam restrorations using different adhesive materials: An invitro study
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2011, 1 (2):92-96 ISSN: 2248 9215 Comparison of microleakage in bonded amalgam restrorations using different
More informationPrinciple Investigators: Overview of Study Methods: Dr. John Burgess Dr. Carlos Muñoz
Principle Investigators: Dr. John Burgess Dr. Carlos Muñoz Overview of Study Methods: Subjects in need of Class I and/or Class II restorations were enrolled in two clinical trials conducted in US dental
More informationChapter 5. Investigation of in vitro Dental Erosion by Optical Techniques
Chapter 5 Investigation of in vitro Dental Erosion by Optical Techniques 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5 Dental erosion is becoming an increasing predicament in dentistry and can be attributed to either exogenous
More informationSHOFU BLOCK & DISK CAD/CAM CERAMIC-BASED RESTORATIVE. Visit or call mm x 12mm x 16mm. 98mm x 14mm. 12mm x 14mm x 18mm
SHOFU BLOCK & DISK CAD/CAM CERAMIC-BASED RESTORATIVE 1mm x 12mm x 16mm 12mm x 14mm x 18mm 98mm x 14mm Visit www.shofu.com or call 8.827.4638 Created through a rigorous manufacturing process, Shofu Blocks
More informationShades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, D3, DB, OA2, OA3, OA3.5, OB2, Incisal, SL,SLO, SLT, YB
CHARISMA Universal light curing Microglass composite, radio-opaque Instructions for use GB Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, D3, DB, OA2, OA3, OA3.5, OB2, Incisal, SL,SLO, SLT, YB CHARISMA
More informationCLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF FISSURE SEALING OF THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS USING MATERIAL HELIOSEAL
Tserakhava, T.N. Clinical effectiveness of fissure sealing of the first permanent molars using material HELIOSEAL / T.N. Tserakhava, N.D. Cherniauskaya // Zbornik radova : 9. Medunarodni kongress stomatologa
More informationallinone... unbelievable? But true! Picture: Dr. Thano Kristallis
allinone... unbelievable? But true! Picture: Dr. Thano Kristallis A well-made provisional is the basis of a successful restorative treatment 2 It is desirable that a provisional system is strong and durable,
More informationTHERMAL CHANGES IN THE HARD DENTAL TISSUE AT DIODE LASER ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
10.1515/amb-2014-0018 THERMAL CHANGES IN THE HARD DENTAL TISSUE AT DIODE LASER ROOT CANAL TREATMENT Ts. Uzunov 1, R. Grozdanova 1, E. Popova 1 and T. Uzunov 2 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Section
More informationUp to date literature at your disposal to discover the benefits of laser dentistry
Up to date literature at your disposal to discover the benefits of laser dentistry For further information contact info@doctor-smile.com +39-0444-349165 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biofisiche
More informationPulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module A: Basic Concepts
Readings: Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry, 3 nd Edition; Summitt, et al Chapters 5, 6 and 8 Pulpal Protection: bases, liners, sealers, caries control Module A: Basic Concepts REST 528A Operative #3A
More informationDPI Luting Cement. DPI Restorative Cement
DPI Luting Cement DPI Luting Cement is Type I glass ionomer white luting cement. DPI glass ionomers are remarkably biocompatible and can be safely used in deep cavities provided the pulp is not exposed,
More informationRoot Surface Protection Simple. Effective. Important.
GC Fuji VII / Fuji VII EP Root Surface Protection Simple. Effective. Important. Brush up your painting skills and help your patients Q&A Prof. Laurie Walsh University of Queensland lifestyle factors (frequency
More informationhow to technique How to treat a cracked, but still inact, cusp. Disadvantages. 1 Issue Full coverage crown. >>
Issue 37 2013 How to treat a cracked, but still inact, cusp. 1 Full coverage crown. >> Advantages. A full crown can splint all sections of the tooth together. 1 Disadvantages. 1 Encircles crown and acts
More informationFluorescent Properties of Porcelain-Restored Teeth and Their Discrimination
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 4 (24) pp. 11 to 114 Special Issue on Frontiers of Smart Biomaterials #24 The Japan Institute of Metals Fluorescent Properties of Porcelain-Restored Teeth and Their
More informationAcknowledgments Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Goals p. 2 History of Dental Materials p. 3 The Oral Environment p. 4 Characteristics of the Ideal
Preface p. v Acknowledgments p. vii Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Goals p. 2 History of Dental Materials p. 3 The Oral Environment p. 4 Characteristics of the Ideal Dental Material p. 5 Quality Assurance
More informationHydrogen-Sensing Characteristics of Palladium-Doped Zinc-Oxide Nanostructures
Hydrogen-Sensing Characteristics of Palladium-Doped Zinc-Oxide Nanostructures Undergraduate Researcher Saranya Sathananthan University of Tennessee, Knoxville Faculty Mentor Vinayak P. Dravid Department
More informationSDR has proven reliability in high C-factor cavities 2
R R SDR has proven reliability in high C-factor cavities 2 SDR was introduced by DENTSPLY DETREY, Konstanz, Germany in 200 and has since been used in over 20 million restorations across the globe. SDR
More informationÆLITE Composites. Bisco. Instructions for Use. Light- Cured. U.S. Patent: 6,709,271
Bisco ÆLITE Composites 0459 Light- Cured Instructions for Use U.S. Patent: 6,709,271 IN-131R6 Rev. 4/16 BISCO, Inc. 1100 W. Irving Park Road Schaumburg, IL 60193 U.S.A. 847-534-6000 1-800-247-3368 Caution:
More informationPeak. Universal Bond Light Cure Adhesive with Chlorhexidine. With its versatile formulation, Peak Universal Bond is the only adhesive you need.
Peak Universal Bond Light Cure Adhesive with Chlorhexidine With its versatile formulation, Peak Universal Bond is the only adhesive you need. Contains chlorhexidine (0.2%), which may ensure long-term bond
More information