Psychopathy and gender: Examining validity of the PPI:SF and TriPM

Transcription

1 Psychopathy and gender: Examining validity of the PPI:SF and TriPM Viljoen, S., Cook, A. N., Layden, B. K., Murray, A. A., McGinnis, C. R., & Hart, S. D.! IAFMHS, Maastricht, June 2013!

2 BACKGROUND: Psychopathy Measures and Gender

3 Generalizability of measures of PPD with female populations? (Nicholls & Petrilla, 2005) Developed and validated with male samples assumption of generalizability Studies have found gender bias in the diagnosis of personality disorders as well as in the prediction of future violence (Garb et al., 1997; Jane et al. 2007; Skeem et al. 2005). Even when studies use mix gender do not usually separate out the gender so there is the risk that difference will be missed BACKGROUND Department name/presenter name!

4 Lilienfeld, 2004 Self-report measure of PPD 56-items that yield a total score and Factor 1 & 2 Eight subscales Machiavellian egocentricity! Social Potency! Coldheartedness! Carefree nonplanfulness! Fearlessness! Blame externalization! Impulsive nonconformity! Stress Immunity! 4-point Likert scale False, Somewhat False, Somewhat True, and True Well validated BACKGROUND: Psychopathic Personality Inventory

5 Patrick, items Triarchic conceptual model of psychopathy Three concepts measured Boldness! Disinhibition! Meanness! 4-point Likert scale True, Somewhat True, Somewhat False, and False Research validating the TriPM still in its infancy No studies looking at gender in community sample BACKGROUND: Triarchic Psychopathy Measure

6 N = 523 University undergraduate students Part of a larger study: Online survey through a secure web server Several common measures of PPD and BPD This presentation will be looking at the following two measures: Psychopathic Personality Inventory Short-Form! PPI:SF; Lilienfeld, 2004! Triarchic Psychopathy Measure! TriPM; Patrick, 2010! METHODS

7 40.9% Male M age 19.91, SD = 2.11, range Race/Ethnicity % identified Asian (Chinese, Japanese, etc.) 46.7 Black (African, Caribbean, etc.) 1.3 Aboriginal /First Nations (Inuit, Métis, etc.) 1.1 South Asian (East Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 18.7 White (Eastern/Western European, etc.) 29.4 South East Asian (Vietnamese, Filipino, etc.) 5.7 Other 4.6 Note. total does not = 100% because participants could select multiple ethnicities SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHICS

8 Scale Male Female Total Factor Factor Machiavellian Egocentricity Social Potency Coldheartedness Carefree Nonplanfulness Fearlessness Blame externalization Impulsive nonconformity Stress Immunity Note. Cronbach s α reported above RESULTS: Reliability for PPI:SF by Gender

9 .! Scale Canada Male Female Total Boldness Disinhibition Meaness Note. Chronbach s α reported above RESULTS: Reliability for TriPM by Gender

10 *** *** *** Note. *** p level (2-tailed) RESULTS: PPI:SF T-Test

11 *** *** *** Note. *** p level (2-tailed) RESULTS: TriPM T-Test

12 Measure! PPI:SF! TriPM! Overall Cut Score! 132! 73! Measure! Male! Female! PPI:SF! TriPM! 136! 125! 82! 65! RESULTS: Cut-off Scores

13 PPI:SF Gender <75 quartile >75 quartile Female Male Χ 2 (1) = 28.61, p=0.000 RESULTS: Gender difference in diagnostic categorization

14 TriPM Gender <75 quartile >75 quartile Female Male Χ 2 (1) = p=0.000 RESULTS: Gender difference in diagnostic categorization

15 PPI:SF TriPM <75 quartile >75 quartile <75 quartile >75 quartile Kappa =.574, p=0.000 RESULTS: Diagnostic Agreement

16 Female PPI:SF TriPM <75 quartile >75 quartile <75 quartile >75 quartile Kappa =.610, p=0.000 RESULTS: Gender difference in diagnostic agreement

17 Male PPI:SF TriPM <75 quartile >75 quartile <75 quartile >75 quartile Kappa =.445, p=0.000 RESULTS: Gender difference in diagnostic agreement

18 Good internal consistency for both genders PPI:SF: Total and Factor 1 and Factor 2 TriPM: Total and all subscales Questionable consistency on PPI:SF Males; social potency and Impulsive nonconformity Females; carefree nonplanfulness Females scored significantly lower on PPI:SF Total, Factor 1 & Factor 2 TriPM Total, Boldness, Meaness, and Disinhibition Cut-off scores at least 10 points lower for females on both measures More males in the top quartile on both PPI:SF and TriPm Good diagnostic agreement overall & for both genders Summary

19 Research on potential gender difference in PPD Self report measures limited! Among first to investigate TriPM in community sample! Our findings add to current research! Ultimately inform Clinical Practice! Implications for Research and Practice

20 Questions/Comments? Contact: Thank you!