First Hourly Quiz. SW 430: Research Methods in Social Work I

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1 SW st Hourly Quiz - 1 of 11 SW 430: Research Methods in Social Work I First Hourly Quiz Name: When we use the Method of Science, we hold a belief because a. evidence from a systematic observation of events supports our belief better than it supports any other belief. b. holding the belief helps us avoid anxiety associated with not knowing. c. it was endorsed by someone who has been socially or politically defined as a qualified producer of knowledge d. the belief was deduced by strictly following strict the forms and rules of logical argument. e. the majority of a random sampling of sources says the belief is true I loaned Dave $50 just before Halloween. I loaned him $50 more around Thanksgiving. On New Year's Eve, I loaned him $100. For the Halloween loan, Dave said he would pay me on the next payday. For the Thanksgiving and New Year s Eve loans, he said that he would pay all loans on the next payday. Dave has never paid me back for any loan I have made him. I better face the fact that, if I loan money to Dave again, he is likely not to pay me back again. Does this inductive argument adequately support the conclusion that Dave is unlikely to pay back another loan or is the argument fallacious? Give one reason why or why not. (Your explanation should contain less than thirty words.) SUPPORTED FALLACIOUS (circle your answer) You are interested in evaluating the effect of twelve weeks of individual nondirective counseling on depression for a randomly selected sample of n = 279 depressed clients. Since global negative self-evaluations (evaluating self as totally bad, incompetent, useless, unlovable, etc.) are a major component of depression, you decided to assess the change in number of negative self-evaluations made by clients in the week preceding the onset of the counseling intervention versus the week following the end of the counseling intervention. For one week before beginning participation in counseling (no intervention received), each client recorded the number of times they evaluated themselves negatively. For the week after the counseling intervention was completed (intervention received), each client kept a posttest record of the number of times they evaluated themselves negatively. Change in negative self-evaluations was measured by subtracting a subject s pre-test negative self-evaluation score from his or her post-test negative self-evaluation score. The resulting differences referred to the change in number negative self-evaluations for each subject. Negative self-evaluation change scores had a bimodal and positively skewed frequency distribution (see Figure 1.52).

2 SW st Hourly Quiz - 2 of 11 Frequency Negative Self-Evaluation Change Figure 1.52: Change in Number of Negative Self-Evaluations per Week The independent variable in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks Levels of the independent variable in this study refer to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks The dependent variable in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks.

3 SW st Hourly Quiz - 3 of The dependent measure in this study refers to which of the following. a. (1) bad, (2) unlovable, (3) incompetent, (4) useless. b. (1) bimodal distribution, (2) skewed distribution. c. (1) clients who are depressed, (2) clients who are not depressed. d. depression. e. intervention status. f. negative self-evaluation change score. g. (1) negative self-evaluation, (2) positive self-evaluation. h. (1) Pre-intervention, (2) post-intervention. i. Twelve weeks Identify the level of measurement for the dependent measure. a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio When we work to maximize good outcomes for science, humanity, and the individual research participants while avoiding or minimizing unnecessary, risk, harm, or wrong, we are implementing which one of the following ethical principles. a. Beneficence d. Justice b. Competence e. Respect c. Comprehension S.S. Stevens defined four levels of measurement used to classify measurement schemes: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. For each of the following, identify the level of measurement by writing Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio in the space provided. Do NOT use initials Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS) score. [CAS scores equal the sum of transformed item scores for the 25 items in the questionnaire.] Gender classification (1 = Female, 2 = Male) Monthly household income in dollars Proportion of referred families meeting eligibility criteria.

4 SW st Hourly Quiz - 4 of The following are a set of 25 social competency scores. Present them in a grouped frequency table. The bottom interval should have a lower boundary of zero ( true lower limit of 0.5). The interval width should be i = 4. {3, 7, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 21, 22, 23, 23, 23, 25, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 32, 34, 36, 38} The number of class intervals will be less than the number of spaces that the table provides. Class Interval Frequency Suppose that one in ten potential clients seen at intake at Louis Rose Community Mental Health Clinic presents a meaningful suicide risk. This means that the probability that the next potential client seen would represent a serious suicide risk would be P[Suicidal] = Therefore, 9 out of 10 do not present a serious suicide risk or P[Not Suicidal] = We also know that one in fifty potential clients seen at intake presents a significant danger to others or P[Dangerous] = Obviously, 49 out of 50 do not present a significant danger or P[Not Dangerous] = Assuming (1) that suicide risk and danger to others are not related (are independent) and (2) that there is no pattern to how suicidal or dangerous potential clients show up at intake, what is the probability that the next client seen will NOT be suicidal and will NOT present a significant danger to others? Please show your work and round your final answer to three decimal places. Probability = P[Not Suicidal AND Not Dangerous] = Assuming the same conditions as before, what is the probability that the next client seen will be suicidal or will present a significant danger to others? Please show your work and round your final answer to three decimal places. Probability = P[Suicidal OR Dangerous] =

5 SW st Hourly Quiz - 5 of You wish to evaluate support for requiring parental notification before providing abortion services to a minor in a neighborhood served by a community clinic. You selected the n = 78 adults who came into the clinic over a one week period and surveyed each of them on the issue of requiring parental notification before providing abortion services to a minor. If you follow this procedure you have drawn a(n) a. convenience sample b. purposive sample c. quota sample d. stratified sample e. systematic sample A numerical characteristic of a population (such as average age) is called a(n) while the same numerical characteristic of a sample is called a(n) The score (Y) in the following table represents the score on a social skills checklist. Y f cf Use the following formula to find the score at the 25 th percentile. n(p) - cfb YP = YL + (i) fi where Y P stands for the score at the percentile point Y L stands for the exact lower limit of the interval containing the score at the percentile p stands for the percentile expressed as a proportion n stands for the total number of scores in distribution cf stands for the cumulative frequency up to lower limit of interval containing Y P b f stands for the number of scores within the interval containing i Y P i stands for the interval width (size of interval), U L Please show your work and round your final answer to one decimal place n(p) = Y L = cf b = f i = i = Y.25 =

6 SW st Hourly Quiz - 6 of The following chart shows a negatively skewed frequency distribution. The horizontal axis represents scores values. The vertical axis represents frequency. Each of the vertical lines (labeled A, B, and C) marks the location of a measure of central tendency (mean, mode, or median). Identify the location each of the measures of central tendency by writing its name in the space provided. A: B: C: B C A Frequency Score

7 SW st Hourly Quiz - 7 of The following chart shows a distribution of post-treatment change scores on a measure of family discord. Frequency Score This is a(n) a. bimodal b. bivariate c. negatively skewed frequency distribution. d. normal e. positively skewed If Elwood has a score at the 95 th percentile, this means that percent of the scores are less than or equal to his The following scores represent the ages of n = 8 clients seen at the children s center intake last month at the Louis Rose Community Mental Health Clinic. Ages: {Y Y = 6, 9, 7, 5, 7, 8, 3, 3} Calculate the following and SHOW YOUR WORK Mean = Median = Mode = A distribution of scores has the following characteristics. Y Max = 94 Y.75 = 89 Y.50 = 84 Y.25 = 81 Y Min = 61 The value for the interquartile range for this distribution is IQR =.

8 SW st Hourly Quiz - 8 of The following distribution of scores has a mean of Y = 6. Calculate the sum of squares SS Y and write the answer in the space provided. Show your work. Score (Y) Y - Y SS Y = 2 (Y - Y) The mean of a population (n = 9,000) of scores is μ Y = 81. The sum of squares is SS Y = 36, What is the variance of this population? What is the standard deviation of this population? Show your work and round your final answer to the nearest whole number The Nice And Simple Test of Yodeling (NASTY) has been standardized with μ = 50 and σ = 10. Calculate the z-scores for the following individuals. Y -μy z Y = σy Show your work and round your final answer to one decimal place. Name NASTY Score z Score Eliza 33 Fran 73 Granville 55 Henry 85

9 SW st Hourly Quiz - 9 of The following chart depicts a normal frequency distribution. Line A is at 1σ; line B is at μ; line C is at +1σ. Use the Table of the Standard Normal Distribution (z) and answer the following questions. (Give your answer to four decimal places.) What proportion of the population is below A? What proportion of the population is above A? What proportion of the population is below B? What proportion of the population is above B? What proportion of the population is below C? What proportion of the population is above C? What proportion of the population is between A and B? What proportion of the population is between B and C? What proportion of the population is between A and C? What proportion of the population is above C or below A? Frequency A B C

10 SW st Hourly Quiz - 10 of For depressed individuals, intensity of stress (X) has been found to be related to help-seeking behavior (Y = percentage seeking assistance within one week). A prediction equation has been derived with a slope of B 1 = 0.2 and Y-intercept of B 0 = On the following graph, draw the prediction line for help seeking percentage over the range of stress intensity from 0 to Help Seeking (%) Stress Intensity Show your calculations The correlation between stress rating and suicide risk score is r = What is the proportion of variance in suicide risk score explained (PVE) by stress rating? PVE = Please show your work and round your answer to two decimal places When we say that higher scores on a continuum of risk rating scale are associated with higher probability of referral for child abuse, we are describing a(n) relationship between risk score and probability of referral for child abuse.

11 SW st Hourly Quiz - 11 of 11 Proportions for the Standard Normal Distribution (z) z z 0 0 +z