Classification of protozoa
|
|
- Brent Parker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Protozoa ( 原虫 )
2 General Account One-cell animal monocellular or unicellular organisms with full vital functions Species total named species:65,000; parasitic: around 10,000
3 Classification of protozoa Amoebae Flagellates Sporozoa Ciliates
4 Life cycle patterns One-host form 1. One stage form Trophozoite 2. Two stage form Trophozoite & Cyst Two-host form 1. Mammals mammals 2. Mammals insect vectors
5 Mode of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Binary fission result in 2 daughter cells Schizogony multiple fission result in multiple cells Budding Exogenous budding - by external budding result in multi- cells Endodyogony - by internal budding result in 2 cells Sexual Reproduction Conjugation exchange of nuclear material of 2 Gametogony sexually differentiated cells unite -- zygote
6 Pathogenesis Host Resistance Innate immunity Acquired immunity Parasite Invasion Toxin Mechanically damage Immune impair Immune inhibition hypersentivity Opportunistic & Accidental (protozoa) infections
7 Opportunistic parasites Opportunistic infection An infection by a microorganism that normally does not cause disease but becomes pathogenic when the body's immune system is impaired and unable to fight off infection
8 Amoebic Infections Entamoeba histolytica Acanthamoeba Naegleria
9 Epidemiology 4th leading cause of death from parasitic diseases worldwide Organism # of deaths/yr # infected Entamoeba ~75,000 ~300 million Ascaris ~200,000 ~480 million Schistosoma ~750,000 ~200 million Plasmodium 2-3 million ~500 million (Malaria) Amoebiasis is not restricted to the tropics and subtropics, it also occurs in temperate and even in arctic and antarctic zones
10 Contaminated water is a source of infection.
11 Infection is common in developing countries where sanitation is poor.
12 Amoeba in alimentary tract Entamoeba E. histolytica (pathogenic) E. dispar (non-pathogenic) E. coli (big sister) E. hartmani (little brother) E. gingivalis (oral) Endolimax nana (occasionally pathogenic) Iodamoeba butschlii
13 Morphology Entamoeba histolytica Cysts Thick wall Trophozoites Plasmalemma (thin) 1-4 ring-like nuclei 1 ring-like nucleus Chromatoid body (blunt) Round, μm Concentratable Lacking Irregular, μm Labile
14 Endoplasma Ingested RBC Morphology Ectoplasma Nucleus with central karyosome and finely divided chromatin granules Pseudopod E. histolytica trophozoite
15 Morphology Trophozoites Single nucleus with a central, dot-like karyosome
16 Micrograph of a trophozoite ingesting a red blood cell deprived from its host.
17 Morphology 1-4 ring-like nuclei with finely divided peripheral chromatin Cyst wall and round shape Mature E. histolytica Cyst
18 Morphology
19 Morphology E. Coli trophozoites
20 E. Coli cysts Morphology
21 E. histolytica Stages - CYSTS Infective Stage for humans Resistant walls maintain viability If moist can last several weeks Killed by desiccation or boiling Diagnostic Stage in formed stools Can be concentrated and stained easily Not seen in liquid (diarrheic) stools or tissues
22 E. histolytica Stages - TROPHOZOITES Cause amoebiasis (damage tissue) Spread throughout the body, but... Rarely transmit the infection to others Labile in liquid stools or tissue, and must be rapidly found or preserved (quick fixation & cold storage) for Diagnosis
23 Life cycle
24 Life cycle Humans acquire E. histolytica by: Ingesting cysts (4 nuclei mature) in fecally contaminated food or water Rarely by directly inoculating trophozoites into colon or other sites (anal sex?) Fecal-Oral transmission (hand to mouth)
25 Life cycle The basic generation-cycle: cyst lumen trophozoites cyst Trophozoites may invade intestine and spread Cyst formation essential factors: enviroment + time Infective cysts and trophozoites pass in feces
26 Pathogenesis General Types of Virulence Factors: Adherence factors 260kDa Gal/GalNAc lectin Invasion factors Amoeba pores Cysteine proteinases Endotoxins
27 Pathogenesis Trophozoites... Attach to mucosal epithelial cells (MEC) Lyse MEC Ulcerate and invade mucosa Cause dysentery (diarrhea + blood) Metastasize via blood &/or lymph to Form abscesses in extraintestinal sites...
28 Clinical manifestation Pinpoint lesion on mucous membrane Flask-shaped crateriform ulcers Pathological changes in large intestine
29
30 Ulcers caused by invasion of E. histolytica into the liver. Clinical manifestation
31 Clinical manifestation
32 Clinical manifestation
33 An Amoebic Liver Abscess Being Aspirated. Note the reddish brown color of the pus ( anchovy-sauce ). This color is due to the breakdown of liver cells. Gross pathology of amoebic abscess of liver. Tube of "chocolate" pus from abscess.
34
35 X-ray of Amoebic Liver Abscess Clinical manifestation
36 Clinical Classification of Amoebiasis (World Health Organization) Asymptomatic infection (carrier) >90% (E. dispar?) Symptomatic cases <10% 8% -10% dysentery, colitis, etc 2% invasive amoebiasis 0.1% deaths
37 Clinical classification Asymptomatic Infection:"Cyst Passers/carrier Symptomatic Infection: Intestinal Amoebiasis: (colon and rectum 盲肠 升结肠 直肠 乙状结肠和阑尾 ) Acute Dysenteric (dysentery) Chronic Non-Dysenteric ( self-cured ) Extra-Intestinal Amoebiasis: Amoebic Liver Abscess (ALA) Amoebic Pulmonary Abscess Other sites (brain, skin, GU,?)
38 Acute Dysenteric Amoebiasis Symptoms: Bloody mucoid diarrhea RBCs and few WBCs in stools Abdominal pain weight loss bloating, tenesmus( 里急后重 ) and cramps Clinical manifestation
39 Acute Dysenteric Amoebiasis Clinical manifestation Signs: Fever (33%) Tender (enlarged) liver Stools positive for trophozoites +/- WBC NO cyst in loose stools
40 Chronic Non-Dysenteric Amoebiasis self-cured carrier state Usually for 1 year, 37% symptomatic >5 years Intermittent diarrhea, mucus, abdominal pain, flatulence and/or weight loss E. histolytica trophs in loose stools Cysts in solid stools Clinical manifestation Positive serology and ulcerations on sigmoidoscopy or pathologic test
41 Extra-Intestinal Amoebiasis Clinical manifestation Amoebic Liver Abscess (ALA) Symptoms History of dysentery (1 yr), weight loss, abdominal pain, chest or shoulder pain Signs fever, hepatomegaly Diagnostic aspiration:non-odorous, reddish-brown in color aspirate (chocolate jam) "anchovy paste" Might find trophozoites in the aspirate Skin inflammation
42 Diagnosis Pathogenic diagnosis Stool examination: Direct Fecal Smear (trophs and cysts) Fecal concentration and iodine dye techniques - (cysts) ZnSO 4 or formalin-ether Cultivation DNA detection Sigmoidoscopy Serologic Tests (for chronic disease): ELISA, IHA (indirect hemagglutination) Imaging: X-ray; CT
43 Stool examination trophozoite cyst specimen loose feces solid feces method diseases remarks direct smear with normal saline amoebic dysentery 1.container must clean 2.examined soon after they have been passed. 3.select bloody and mucous portion. direct smear with iodine stain chronic intestinal amoebiasis or carriers
44 Two microscopically indistinguishable Entamoeba sp. E. histolytica invades tissues should always be treated E. dispar is non-pathogenic, even in AIDS should not be treated
45 Treatment of Amoebiasis For invasive forms: metronidazole( 甲硝唑 ) For luminal forms: Iodoquinofonum( 喹碘方 ) paromomycin( 巴龙霉素 ) diloxanide( 二氯尼特 ) Do not treat asymptomatic intestinal E. dispar infection
46 Treatment of Amoebiasis Location Clinical Class Drug Name Drug Action Intestinal Asymptomatic Iodoquinofonnum( 喹碘方 ) lumenal amebicide Mild to moderate intestinal disease Metronidazole( 甲硝唑 ) tissue amebicide Severe intestinal disease Metronidazole plus a lumenal drug both Extraintestinal Hepatic disease Metronidazole plus a lumenal drug both
47 Prevention & Control Individual measures Diagnosis and treatment of E. histolytica patients Safe drinking water (boiling or 0.22 µm filtration) Cleaning of uncooked fruits and vegetables Prevention of contamination of foods Chemotherapeutic Trial
48 Prevention & Control Community measures Public services and utilities Adequate disposal of human stools Safe and adequate water supply Primary health care systems Health education (washing hands, cleaning and protecting food, controlling insects) Specific surveillance programs and Control programs integrated into ongoing sanitation & diarrhea control Health Regulations Control of food vendors and food handlers Control of flies and cockroaches
49 Infections with Free Living Amoebae Naegleria 耐格里属 Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴属
50 Naegleria Free Living Amoebae Not seen in humans µm (smaller than A. spp.) with lobate pseudopodia i µm with filiform pseudopodia i i Acanthamoeba cysts & trophs are seen in humans
51 Acanthamoeba spp. Acanthamoeba trophozoites with acanthopodia
52 Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis PAME An acute suppurative infection of the brain and meninges that is rapidly fatal and usually not diagnosed antemortem Caused by Naegleria fowleri Headache, lethargy and olfactory problems Sore throat, runny nose, severe headache, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion leading to... Coma and death
53 DIAGNOSIS PAME Patient History (child) Prior Health Excellent Recent History of Swimming (fresh water/pools) Cases peak during HOT months Symptoms/Signs Sore throat, runny nose, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, mental confusion, olfactory problems, lethargy, coma and death
54 Treatment PAME None effective - few patients survive Amphoteracin B +/-?
55 Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis GAE A more slowly progressive, chronic form of the disease not associated with swimming (except in hot tubs) cause: Acanthamoeba castellanii history of subcutaneous nodules, eye or skin infection, progressive nasal congestion, headache... CNS lesions with negative serology for toxoplasmosis in debilitated/immuno-compromised Pts with CD4+ TL <200/mm 3 disseminated infection: skin, sinuses, lungs, CNS/CSF
56 Pathology abscesses/lesions (tissues) have GAE granulomatous inflammation hemorrhagic necrosis and vasculitis trophozoites & cysts with wrinkled-walls! amoebae rarely seen in CSF
57 Treatment GAE No satisfactory or effective treatment? amphotericin B
58 Acanthamoeba Keratitis AK Corneal infection with Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites & cysts Ulcerations & Ring Infiltrate of cornea Induced by trauma to eye, exposure to contaminated H 2 O contact lens wear with tap water rinsing
59 Diagnosis AK Examine corneal scrapings or smear Histopathologic examination of cornea Treatment Triple Antiamoebic Therapy neomycin-polymyxingramicidin/propamidine/miconazole Penetrating keratoplasty (cadaver cornea)
Pathogenic amoebae and ciliate. Dr. Narissara Jariyapan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University
Pathogenic amoebae and ciliate Dr. Narissara Jariyapan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Objectives After the lecture, students must know 1. General morphology of pathogenic
More informationNon_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans:
The parasite protozoa Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina االميبات Amoebae Non_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans: 1. Entamoeba hartmanii, contain trophozoite and cyst 2. Entamoeba coli, cyst and trophozoite
More informationParasitology. Lab. Amoeba
Parasitology. Lab. Kingdom : Protista Subkingdom : Protozoa Phylum : Sacromastigophora Subphylum : Sarcodina Superclass : Rhizopoda Class : Lobosea Order : Amoebida Amoeba Protozoa Amoebae geneus Entamoeba
More informationEntamoeba histolytica/e. dispar. A. Haghighi,
Entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar A. Haghighi, Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Classification of Protozoa? The protozoa are generally unicellular and may be divided for convenience, into four distinct groups
More informationAmoebiasis. (Amoebic dysentery)
Amoebiasis (Amoebic dysentery) Causative agent: Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Harbouring of protozoa E. histolytica inside the body with or without disease only 10% of infected develop disease two types
More informationAlberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011
August 2011 Amoebiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October
More informationINTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS
INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS The protozoa that parasitise the human intestine belong to four groups: amoebae, flagellates, ciliates and coccidia. In general, the intestinal amoebae, flagellates and
More information1 Trophozoite stage : The typical characteristics of this stage are :
Lecturer : Nerran K.F.AL- Rubaey Practical parasites Lab - 2 - Genus : Entamoeba coli It is considered to be a nonpathogenic with world wide distribution. That frequently exists as a commensal parasite
More informationClassification - Protozoa. Parasitology Intestinal Amoeba. Stools for O&P Examination. Stool Specimen. What to look for.
Classification - Protozoa Parasitology Intestinal Amoeba Phylum Phylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcomastigophora Subkingdom Subkingdom Protozoa Protozoa Phylum Phylum Ciliophora Ciliophora Phylum Phylum Apicomplexa
More informationPARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia)
PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) A biopsy was performed on a 27-year-old man with no known travel history, presenting with a perianal ulcer. The specimen was preserved in formalin
More informationBacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) An acute bacterial disease involving the large and distal small intestine, caused by the bacteria of the genus shigella. Infectious agent Shigella is comprised of four
More informationCHAPTER FOUR. Intestinal Amebae
PART II Protozoa CHAPTER FOUR Intestinal Amebae OUTLINE INTESTINAL AMEBAE Entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar (EN-ta-MEE-buh HIS-toe-LIT-I-ka/EN-ta-MEEbuh DIS-par) Entamoeba hartmanni (EN-ta-MEE-buh
More informationLaboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases. (Amoebiasis)
Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases (Amoebiasis) Sarah Alharbi Clinical Laboratory department Collage of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University This document contains materials modified or
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious
More informationEntamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica cosmopolitan distribution no animal reservoirs facultative pathogen most clear the infection spontaneous in 6-12 months with mild or no symptoms can cause a serious invasive disease
More informationSchistosome life cycle.
Schistosomiasis infects approximately 200 million persons and kills approximately 280,000 annually. Most of the mortality comes from hepatic granulomas and fibrosis Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma
More informationProtozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp.
Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. 1 Protozoa-Simple classification Amoebapseudopodium(a)
More informationFREE-LIVING PROTOZOA. PAM GAE; skin or lung lesions amebic keratitis; GAE; skin or lung lesions
FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA Ameba Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba sp. Balamuthia mandrillaris Diseases PAM GAE; skin or lung lesions amebic keratitis; GAE; skin or lung lesions Naegleria fowleri ubiquitous in
More informationNews and Notes. Parasitology Comprehensive 2 October Sample Preparation and Quality Control. 12 K (All Parasites)
NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program News and Notes Recent reports in the literature have indicated a high rate of Cryptosporidium sp. false positive associated with Rapid Cartridge
More informationCASE 2 - PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DR. SALAMA ABD MEGUID
CASE 2 - PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DR. SALAMA ABD MEGUID G/D Host Reserv Infect Stage MOT Division Diagnos Stage Life Cycle Worldwide but especially Africa, China, Latin America and South East
More informationFlagellates I Genito-urinary & Intestinal flagellates
Flagellates I Genito-urinary & Intestinal flagellates Dr. Anuluck Junkum PARA 317221 Objective Can describe the morphology, life cycle, pathology, diagnosis and prevention of pathogenic flagellate Classification
More informationProtozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp.
Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. Protozoa-Simple classification Amoeba- pseudopodium(a)
More informationLearning Objectives. 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic Morphology 5. Name of diesease 6. Prevention and Control
Learning Objectives At the end of the class student will able to state 1. Life cycle Environment, Human, Animals 2. Name of parasite: (Genus), (Species) 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic
More informationAmerican Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX
Q3 2018 Parasitology American Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX 77005 800-234-5315 281-436-5357 Specimen 1 Referees Extent 1 Extent 2 Total Few to 534 Giardia lamblia Many
More informationSulaimani University College of Pharmacy. Medical Parasitology
Dr. Abdullah A. Hama Microbiology/ parasitology and virology ( Chapter 1) Text book: 7-695-57059-1-978 Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Medical Parasitology Lec. 2 part 1 Protozoa/ class: Sarcodina
More informationccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
ccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia
More informationAmeba has two stages of development: cyst and trophozoite
Amebiasis A parasitic disease of worldwide public health importance Second to malaria in mortality due to protozoan parasites Invasive amebiasis results in up to 100,000 deaths / year Amebiasis is infection
More informationFACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS
FACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS ACMLT CONFERENCE OCTOBER 1, 2005 PRESENTED BY PAULINE TOMLIN Public Health Microbiology 2 FACT OR ARTIFACT Many body sites and
More informationTYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS
TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS Normal Flora. Normal flora consists of microorganisms that are normally and consistently found in or on the body in the absence of disease. Symbiosis. This is the close
More informationPARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 8 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia)
PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 8 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) A 12 year-old male presented with a one-day history of fever and headache on the right side. Two days after admission, he developed a stiff neck
More informationGiardiasis. Table of Contents
Table of Contents Case Definition... Error! Bookmark not defined. Reporting Requirements... 2 Etiology... Error! Bookmark not defined. Clinical Presentation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Diagnosis...
More information3-Mutualism: It is a relationship between two. organisms; one called. or harmless. 2-Commensalism: It is a relationship in which one
Host-Parasite relationships Symbiosis: It is the permanent relationship between two dissimilar organisms which depending each others. They are three types 1- Parasitism : It is a relationship between two
More informationPARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION
PARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION DEFINITION Parasite means : one who eats at the table of another. Differs from bacteria and viruses in their complex life cycles, intermediate hosts and chronicity. Evolved to
More informationPathogenic Free-Living Amebae
Pathogenic Free-Living Amebae Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) Acanthamoeba spp. granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) granulomatous skin and lung lesions (primarily immunocompromised)
More informationGiardia lamblia (flagellates)
Giardia lamblia (flagellates) Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis and is the only common pathogenic protozoan found
More informationPARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN
PARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN OUTLINE Intruduction Important terms classification of hosts Mode of parasitic infections General Classification of parasites Specific Classification of parasites Protozoa
More informationShigella and salmonella
Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Microbiology Lec. 9 & 10 Shigella and salmonella Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama PhD. Microbiology/Molecular Parasitology abdullah.hama@spu.edu.iq 1 Shigella Shigella species
More informationAmebiasis rev Jan 2018
rev Jan 2018 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite. The trophozoite is the active form of the parasite which causes symptoms. Cysts are the infectious form which
More informationAfrican Trypanosomes
African Trypanosomes Giemsa-stained blood smear of African trypanosomes viewed under the 100X objective lens. The block arrows denote trypomastigote forms of the African trypanosomes found within the blood
More informationAnton van Leeuwenhoek. Protozoa: This is what he saw in his own stool sample. Morphology 10/14/2009. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Anton van Leeuwenhoek Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease This is what he saw in his own stool sample 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica
More informationAccess to safe drinking water is everyone s right. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease
Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia
More informationPERSISTENT DIARRHOEA. IAP UG Teaching slides
PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA 1 DEFINITION Prolongation of acute diarrhoea / dysentery for more than 14 days Generally associated with weight loss. 2 PROTRACTED DIARRHOEA Prolongation of acute diarrhoea or dysentery
More informationDiseases: If you think about the spread of disease caused by parasites such as blindness, There are several infective causes of blindness :
Introduction : -The parasites are usually negligible and we don't take it seriously. - They cause diseases in the world. ( morbidity ) - Parasite means الطفيلي somebody who eats at someone else's table!!!!
More informationAsian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology
Research Article ISSN: 2349 7114 Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Journal home page: www.ajrpsb.com ENTAMO ENTAMOEBA COLI AS STRONG PHAGOCYTIC PARASITIC ORGANISM Mosab
More informationNEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program. Parasitology (General) 02 February Sample Preparation and Quality Control
NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program Parasitology (General) 02 February 2010 The purpose of the New York State Proficiency Testing Program in the category of Parasitology (General) is
More informationDr. Jabar Etaby Lecture GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate)
Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture Two GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Epidemiology: It has worldwide distribution and is not uncommon in South Carolina. It is the most frequent protozoan
More informationAscaris lumbricoides
Case History A 4-year-old Caucasian male child of Turkish nationality was admitted to the emergency department with Abdominal pain and biliary vomiting for three days. Physical Examination revealed abdomen
More informationHASPI Medical Biology Lab 03
Patient 1001 is a 42-year-old female that is experiencing severe heartburn, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Ulcers Bleeding sores in the stomach or intestine Gallbladder Disease Gallstones
More informationcytoplasm contains two 2 nuclei and two parabasal bodies (Figure 7).
Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture one GIARDIASIS (lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Epidemiology: It has worldwide distribution and is not uncommon in South Carolina. It is the most frequent protozoan
More informationExamples of microorganisms causing it : Shigella. Spp : causing bacillary dysentery. Entamoeba.histolyca : causing amoebic dysentery.
This lecture is about the protozoa which infect the GIS. It is important before we start to mention the two types of diarrhea because diarrhea as you know is the most prominent symptom related to these
More informationAlberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011
August 2011 Giardiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October
More informationIntroduction. Study of fungi called mycology.
Fungi Introduction Study of fungi called mycology. Some fungi are beneficial: ex a) Important in production of some foods, ex: cheeses, bread. b) Important in production of some antibiotics, ex: penicillin
More informationParasitology. Helminthology (Helminths)
Parasitology Protozoology (Protozoa) Helminthology (Helminths) Entomology (Arthropodes) Platyhelminthes (flat worms) Nematheminthes (round worms) Trematodes Nematodes Cestodes Collection of the specimens
More informationWhat is cryptosporidiosis? How is cryptosporidiosis spread?
What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium. Once an animal or person is infected, the parasite lives in the intestine
More informationNEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program. Parasitology (General) 01 February Sample Preparation and Quality Control
NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program Parasitology (General) 01 February 2011 The purpose of the New York State Proficiency Testing Program in the category of Parasitology (General) is
More informationSection 9: Amebic Meningitis/Encephalitis
Section 9: Amebic Meningitis/Encephalitis BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia are microscopic, free-living amebae (single-celled living organisms). Naegleria
More informationEntamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica Occurence: -cosmopolitan amoeba lives in the form of trophozoite and cyst in the human colon, but in multifocal invasions may locate various organs including the lungs, -common in
More informationCNS parasitic infections. Jarmila Klieščiková, MD 1.LF UK
CNS parasitic infections Jarmila Klieščiková, MD 1.LF UK Cosmopolite distribution Low prevalence Interference with underlying diseases (immunocompromised state) Treatment not always available Main pathogens
More informationEnteric Illness. Shigellosis
Section 3 Page 1 of 7 Notification Timeline: From Lab/Practitioner to Public Health: Immediately. From Public Health to Saskatchewan Health: Within 72 hours. Public Health Follow-up Timeline: Initiate
More informationParasitology Questions. Choose the best correct answer in the following statements
Parasitology Questions Choose the best correct answer in the following statements ١. A.. is the larval stage of a fluke that is covered with cilia and swims about seeking out a snail to serve as an intermediate
More informationTala Saleh. Shehab. Nader
26 Tala Saleh Shehab... Nader Introduction to Parasitology Important Terminologies: do not overlook them - Medical Parasitology: It is the science which deals with the parasites that infect man. - Parasite:
More informationHelicobacter and gastritis
1 Helicobacter and gastritis Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative rod. H. pylori is associated with antral gastritis, duodenal (peptic) ulcer disease, gastric ulcers,
More informationHELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM)
HELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM) HOOKS /AND /OR/SUCKERS SCOLEX (ADULT) INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED PORK OR BEEF DIARRHEA
More informationDIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY Libuše Kolářová Václava Adámková Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, 1st. Fac.Med.,Charles Univ. in Prague Czech Republic Which factors should precipitate testing? CLINICAL
More informationLecture 3 Dr.Jabar Al-Autabbi. Blastocystosis. (Blastocystis 'hominis' Infection)
Lecture 3 Dr.Jabar Al-Autabbi Blastocystosis (Blastocystis 'hominis' Infection) What isblastocystosis Blastocystosis is an illness caused by a microscopic parasite, Blastocystis hominis' (also known as
More informationMany of you asked about this topic
Many of you asked about this topic Water borne disease: The largest water quality problem in developing countries. CEE 3510 Environmental Quality Engineering According to: Chemical and Engineering News
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationMedical Parasitology: It is the science which deals with the parasites that infect man. Parasite: Is an organism, which lives on or within another
By: Nader Alaridah Medical Parasitology: It is the science which deals with the parasites that infect man. Parasite: Is an organism, which lives on or within another organism (host) for survival. Host:
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationTrue Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella
Lec. 6 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin True Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella General Characteristics of Salmonella جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Coliform bacilli
More informationLecture 1 Dr. Jabar Etaby OTHER INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
Lecture 1 Dr. Jabar Etaby OTHER INTESTINAL PROTOZOA Classification Higher order taxa Domain : Eukaryota, Phylum : Ciliophora, Class : Litostomatea, Order : Vestibuliferida, Family : Balantiididae, Genus
More informationIntroduction to Protozoa:
Harriet Wilson, Lecture Notes Bio. Sci. 4 - Microbiology Sierra College Introduction to Protozoa: Protozoa are mostly single-celled, animal-like organisms. Although some are colonial or form loose aggregations,
More informationFoundations in Microbiology
Foundations in Microbiology Fifth Edition Talaro Chapter 13 Microbe Human Interactions: Infection and Disease Chapter 13 2 3 Infection a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses,
More informationInfluenza. Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee
Influenza Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee Overview Commonly referred to as the flu Defined as a highly contagious viral infection where it starts at the upper respiratory tract and attacks the nose,
More informationSalmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter
1 Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Salmonella and enteritis Salmonellae are often pathogenic for humans or animals when acquired by the oral route. They are transmitted from
More informationBlood Smears Only 07 February Sample Preparation and Quality Control 12B A
NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program Blood Smears Only 07 February 2012 The purpose of the New York State Proficiency Testing Program in the category of Parasitology Blood Smears Only
More informationBacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs
1 BIO 205 Microbiology for Health Professionals The study of microscopic agents as they relate to human health The causes of infectious disease. The control of infectious disease. Host defenses against
More informationEducational Introduction and Protocol for Molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection
Educational Introduction and Protocol for Molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection Introduction: Acanthamoeba spp. are a family of free-living protozoans ubiquitously distributed in the environment,
More informationFoodborne Disease in the Region of Peel
Foodborne Disease in the Region of Peel HIGHLIGHTS The incidence of selected foodborne diseases was generally higher in Peel than in Ontario between 1993 and 22. A higher incidence was observed in Peel
More informationImmunity and Infection. Chapter 17
Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal
More informationAmoebas are motile by means of pseudopodia cytoplasmic extensions which allow it to crawl across surfaces.
Chapter 23 Eukaryotic Parasites of Medical Importance: Protozoa and Helminths* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know
More information2.Trichomonas vaginalis
2.Trichomonas vaginalis 1. Pathogenic to human &causes vaginitis (trichomoniasis). 2. troph. Is round or pear like in shape, contains 4-6 flagella, all originating from anterior end & only one extend posteriorly.
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More information20% Of The Earth s Liquid Fresh Water Is In Just One Place. Courtesy NASA
20% Of The Earth s Liquid Fresh Water Is In Just One Place Courtesy NASA Lake Baikal, Siberia Bathymetry Maximum depth: 1,632 m USAID Save The Children Program Access to safe drinking water is everyone
More informationBiological Hazards Module 3
1 - Objectives - Describe salmonellosis and typhoid fever (salmonella) Recognize symptoms of exposure Describe treatments available Develop a response plan 2 - Salmonellosis Definition - Severe lower GI
More informationGiardiasis Surveillance Protocol
Provider Responsibilities 1. Report all cases to your local health department by completing the provider section of the WVEDSS form within the timeframe indicated: Sporadic case of - should be reported
More informationNOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE
NOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE Topics in the Chapter Introduction Health Community Health Differences between Being Healthy and Disease-free Disease and its cases Types of diseases
More informationGastroenteritis and viral infections
Gastroenteritis and viral infections A Large number of viruses are found in the human gut; these include some that are associated with gastroenteritis Rotaviruses Adenoviruses 40/41 Caliciviruses Norwalk-like
More informationGut parasites in general practice
Gut parasites in general practice A biased account Dr. Samson Wong Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong Classification of parasites Protozoa Helminths Arthropods Nematodes (roundworms)
More informationL:7, L:8 Parasitology
L:7, L:8 Parasitology 2.Fasciola hepatica Adult The adult Fasciola hepatica worm is flattened, leaf like shape, equipped with shoulders, somewhat oblong. Adult Fasciola hepatica measuring 3cm by 1cm in
More informationNews and Notes. Parasitology Comprehensive 5 November 2013
NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program News and Notes Beginning with the May 2013 event a separate set of 3 samples were supplied for laboratories performing antigen detection. For the
More informationBlastocystosis. Blastocystis Research Foundation 5060 SW Philomath Blvd, #202 Corvallis, OR
Blastocystosis Blastocystis Research Foundation 5060 SW Philomath Blvd, #202 Corvallis, OR 97333 851-572-9701 www.bhomcenter.org Blastocystosis (Blastocystis Infection) What is Blastocystosis? Blastocystosis
More informationChapter 7 8/23/2016. Asepsis and Infection Control. Asepsis. Asepsis (Cont.) Microorganisms. Infection control and prevention
Chapter 7 Asepsis and Infection Control All items and derived items 2015, 2011, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Asepsis Microorganisms Tiny microscopic entities capable
More informationHomebased Microprocessor Recipe Form
Homebased Microprocessor Recipe Form Please fill in the form to draft a recipe for approval. Product Name Date Farm Name Name of person responsible for product Address City/State/Zip Telephone Email Ingredient
More informationHelminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia.
Parasite II Helminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia. They are worm-like organisms that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment
More informationShort Video. shows/monsters-inside- me/videos/toxoplasma-parasite/
The word Toxoplasma Originated from the Greek word toxon, which meant "bow." The Latin word toxicum, which meant "poison." The original Greek meaning is the one used for the word Toxoplasma, meaning "bow
More informationProtect the quality and safety of your food
Protect the quality and safety of your food Description of tool This tool provides useful information about protecting the quality and safety of food. School teachers can use this information while teaching
More informationSmall living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the
Small living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the human body Many Microorganisms are part of normal flora
More informationChapter 4 Inflammation and Infection
Chapter 4 Inflammation and Infection Defense Mechanisms Three lines of defense protect the body against foreign invasion: Physical or surface barriers Inflammation Immune response Inflammation Non-specific
More information