ABSTRAK Korelasi anatara Index Massa Tubuh(IMT) dan tekanan darah pada penduduk di Desa Lebih Kecamatan Gianyar

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1 ABSTRAK Korelasi anatara Index Massa Tubuh(IMT) dan tekanan darah pada penduduk di Desa Lebih Kecamatan Gianyar Obesitas dapat membuat berbagai masalah kesehatan, salah satunya adalah peningkatan tekanan darah atau dikenal sebagai hipertensi. Banyak studi menunjukkan korelasi antara Index Massa Tubuh(IMT) dan tekanan darah, namun di Indonesia studi tentang penelitiaan ini kurang. Tulisan ini menilai hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh ( IMT ) dan tekanan darah antara individu laki-laki dan perempuan di Desa Lebih Kecamatan Gianyar. Untuk analisis ini saya menggunakan data dari cross sectional dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar di Indonesia ( Riskesdas ) tahun Analisis dilakukan antara laki-laki dan individu perempuan dari usia tahun. Untuk mengukur tekanan darah itu dikategorikan dalam tiga kriteria yaitu tekanan darah rendah, tekanan darah normal dan tekanan darah tinggi. Untuk pengukuran Index Massa Tubuh ( IMT ), maka diklasifikasikan dalam enam kategori yang berbeda. Minimum sampel yang diperlukan untuk penelitian ini adalah 45. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 48 sampel. Dari 48 sampel 5 tergolong di bawah tekanan darah rendah, 20 dalam golongan tekanan darah normal dan 23 dari mereka di bawah kategori hipertensi. Sebagian besar dari sampel di bawah kategori overweight dan obesitas tipe 1 sampel memiliki hipertensi bila tekanan darah mereka diukur. Index Massa Tubuh(IMT) berkorelasi secara signifikan dan positif terhadap tekanan darah ( Ilmu Kesehatan Indones 2011; 2 : 21-7 ). Pemantauan sentiasa Index Massa Tubuh (IMT ) dan tekanan darah oleh karena itu diperlukan untuk memastikan hidup sehat

2 ABSTRACT Correlation between Body Mass Index(BMI) and blood pressure among male and female individual in Desa Lebih Kecamatan Gianyar Obesity can create various health problems, one of which is increase in blood pressure or known as hypertension. Many studies show a correlation between BMI and blood pressure, however few reports on Indonesia. This paper assessed the correlation between body mass index(bmi) and blood pressure among male and female individual in Desa Gianyar. For this analysis I used data from a cross sectional of Basic Health Research in Indonesia (Riskesdas) Analysis was carried out among years old male and female individuals. For measuring blood pressure it is categorised under three criteria which are low blood pressure, normal blood pressure and high blood pressure. For Body Mass Index(BMI) measurement, it is classified under six different categories. The minimum sample required for this research is 45. Of the 48 samples 5 were having low blood pressure, 20 were having normal blood pressure and 23 of them were under the category of hypertension. Most of the overweight and obese class 1 samples were having hypertension when their blood pressure were measured. Body Mass Index(BMI) correlates significantly and positively to blood pressure(health Science Indones 2011;2:21-7). Monitoring of Body Mass Index(BMI) and blood pressure is therefore required to ensure healthy life.

3 CONTENTS SAMPUL DALAM... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN... ii PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI... iii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN... iv KATA PENGANTAR... v ABSTRAK. vi ABSTRACT.... vii CONTENT... vii LIST OF TABLE... x LIST OF ATTACHMENT... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Formulation of problem Purpose of Research General Purpose Specific Purpose Benefits of Research... 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Definition of Body Mass Index(BMI) Correlation of BMI to blood pressure Definition of Hypertension Classification of BMI... 8 CHAPTER 3 CONCEPT AND HYPOTHESIS 3.1. Concept Hypothesis... 9 CHAPTER 4 METHODS OF RESEARCH 4.1. Design of Research Population and sample of Research Population Criteria Sample Method Sampling for Research Research Variable Data Collecting Method and Analysis Place and Time of Research CHAPTER 5 Research Results Research Results Characteristic Table.13 n Correlation Table Relationship between BMI and blood pressure Relationship between blood pressure and gender.. 17

4 CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION.. 21 REFERENCES ATTACHMENTS

5 LIST OF TABLES Table a) Classification of Body Mass Index(BMI)... 8 Table 1 Gender.. 13 Table 2 Body Mass Index characteristic table.. 13 Table 3 Blood Pressure characteristic table.. 14 Table 4 Correlation between BMI and blood pressure. 15 Table 5 Relationship between BMI and blood pressure Tabel 6 Relationship between blood pressure and gender. 17

6 Attachment 1. Research Results Attachment 2. SPSS data Attachment 3. Informed Consent Attachment 4. Curriculum Vitae LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, cancers at several sites, osteoarthritis, and total mortality (Higgins M. et al. 1998). A recent report described associations between overweight and obesity and the prevalence of chronic conditions including high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol levels in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III data (Higgins M. et al. 1998). Associations between obesity and high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) have been shown in men and women and in diverse race/ethnic groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, and obesity is now estimated to be the second leading cause of preventable death after cigarette smoking in the United States (Manson JE. et al. 2003). By contrast, national trends in blood pressure and hypertension and in blood cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia over the past two decades have been favourable. Levels of HDL-C increased slightly although not consistently in older adults(rocella EJ et al 2000). These favorable trends have probably not achieved their full potential because of the increasing prevalence of overweight. The increased prevalence of over-weight among children and adolescents may affect adversely future trends of hypertension and high blood

8 cholesterol. Overweight refers to an excess of body weight compared with height; obesity refers to an excess of body fat. In populations in which high levels of adiposity are common, such as the population of the United States, excess body fat or adiposity is highly correlated with body weight. Under these conditions, body mass index (BMI) is a convenient and valid measure of adiposity. BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m2)(johnson CL et al 2000) Previous research on correlation between BMI and blood pressure have been done in other countries(montoye HJ et al 2004). This research is about the correlation between BMI and blood pressure among male and female individuals in Desa Lebih Kecamatan Gianyar. The present report provides detailed information on the distribution of blood pressure and total cholesterol, and on the prevalence of hypertension and triglyceride level, in relation to levels of BMI(Manson JE et al. 2003). High blood pressure or hypertension is is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Blood pressure is summarised by two measurements, systolic and diastolic, which depend on whether the heart muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole). This equals the maximum and minimum pressure, respectively. Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of mmHg systolic (top reading) and 60-90mmHg diastolic (bottom reading). High blood pressure is said to be present if it is often at or above 140/90 mmhg. Hypertension is classified as either primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90 95% of

9 cases are categorized as "primary hypertension" which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause.(manson JE et al 2003) The remaining 5 10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system. Hypertension puts strain on the heart, leading to hypertensive heart disease and coronary artery disease if not treated. Hypertension is also a major risk factor for stroke, aneurysms of the arteries (e.g. aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease and is a cause of chronic kidney disease. A moderately high arterial blood pressure is associated with a shortened life expectancy while mild elevation is not (Johnson CL et al. 2000). Dietary and lifestyle changes can improve blood pressure control and decrease the risk of health complications, although drug treatment is still often necessary in people for whom lifestyle changes are not enough or not effective(montoye HJ et al. 2004). Body mass index (BMI) is positively and independently associated with morbidity and mortality from hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases.( Murray CJL et.al 2005) In Caucasian populations, a strong association has been depicted between BMI and mortality. A similar association has also been demonstrated among Asian populations. The relationship between BMI and BP has long been the subject of epidemiological research. Positive associations between body mass and BP have been documented in Caucasian populations.(stamler R et al 2005)

10 This study intends to generate relevant information that helps to understand the patterns of high BP among balinese populations as well as in populations where the prevalence of obesity is growing rapidly. Such information would thus be relevant to the prevention and control of hypertension in Indonesia. 1.2 Formulation of Problem Overweight and Obesity are at increasing risk in developing country. Previous research done has shown significant positive correlation between BMI and blood pressure in all the population sub-group. Obese and overweight people are shown to be more prone to suffer from high blood pressure. High blood pressure is categorized as the reading of blood pressure more than 140/90 mmhg. So how does BMI and blood pressure correlates among male and female individuals in Desa Lebih, Kecamatan Gianyar? 1.3 Purpose of Research To find the correlation between BMI of an individual and the risk for those having high BMI to suffer from hypertension. To find the daily dietary intake of each individual if they are having high risk to suffer from hypertension 1.4 Benefits of Research BMI of an individual can be obtained by measuring the height(metres) by using measuring tape or microtoise and weight(kilograms) using weighing scale. Taking blood pressure and BMI of each individual wouldn t harm them and can be easily done.