Chapter 8 & 9 DIABETES - HYPERTENSION - ELDERS

Transcription

1 Chapter 8 & 9 DIABETES - HYPERTENSION - ELDERS

2 Lifestyle Choices The best single behavioral change Americans can make today to reduce morbidity and mortality is STOP SMOKING!!! Smoking is responsible for 30% of the deaths in the United States.

3 Personal Action More adults are: Watching what they eat Wearing seat belts Controlling their blood pressure Exercising regularly Drinking - Drinking and Driving

4 Risk Factors for Chronic Disease Smoking Lack of Exercise Failure to maintain an appropriate body weight Alcohol consumption Less than 10% of the U.S. adults are getting the recommended amount of physical activity each day.

5 Being Overweight increases your chances of Heart Disease Some cancers Hypertension Elevated blood cholesterol Diabetes Stroke Gallbladder disease Osteoarthritis

6 Hypertension Statistics show that hypertension is found in about 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. Means of controlling hypertension is by: Diet modification (portions) Physical exercise Weight management (no yo-yo)

7 Diabetes Mellitus Is failure of the pancreas to make enough insulin or the body doesn t use insulin properly. Without insulin, food cannot be properly used by the body. Detected by high levels of blood glucose in the body. Watch the last minute of this video.

8 How Diabetes Affects the Body Glucose absorbed after a meal Pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin Pancreas produces sufficient insulin Body cells can t take up glucose Body uses stored fat Damage to blood vessels Risk of kidney damage, etc. Body cells take up glucose Suppression of liver glucose output Suppression of fat release from body stores Glucose levels in blood fall Normal fasting glucose: mg/dl

9 Process Glucose also known as Blood sugar Diabetics experience an abnormality in the way their bodies use glucose. AGAIN: This results from the pancreas not producing enough insulin or from the resistance of the body s tissues to use insulin. The body may produce enough glucose but without insulin, the glucose cannot move from the bloodstream into the cells.where it is needed for fuel.

10 Glucose build-up If you are diabetic, the glucose levels build up in the blood and urine, leading to hyperglycemia or high blood sugar. High sugar large amounts of sugar in the urine requires more water so the sugar can be diluted for elimination. Depletes the bodies storage of water Excessive thirst Frequent urination

11 Symptoms Excessive thirst Increased urination Hunger Tire easily Wounds heal slowly Blurred vision Frequent skin infections.=

12 Chronic Complications May lead to: Eye disease Kidney disorders Painful nerve and muscle symptoms Decreased circulation Impotence in men Risk of heart disease DIABETES is the leading cause of foot and leg amputations.

13 Type I An autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack and damage its own cells. (insulin-producing cells of the pancreas) Require insulin injections to function Before the discover of insulin injections a person may live only 2 years after diagnosis.

14 Insulin pump

15 Type 2 Diabetes Most common type May be linked to genetic factors Develop a resistance to insulin or experience insufficient insulin action. Strongly linked to obesity Almost 80% of diabetics with Type 2 are overweight at the time of diagnosis.

16 Diagnosis Most common: fasting glucose test Value is above 125 mg/dl on at least two tests. Weight loss and increased exercise can delay or prevent Type 2 diabetes.

17 Gestational Diabetes Type 2 diabetes that occurs in some women during pregnancy. AGAIN: Prevention Maintaining normal weight Exercise regularly NO SMOKING Treat high blood pressure Eat low-fat, high fiber diet

18 Elders The American population is growing older. WHAT IS THE LIFE EXPECTANCY in years? In % of the population were 65 yrs. or older In % of the population. How Old is OLD? Young old (65-74) Middle Old (75-84) Old Old (85 and over)

19 Discussion Why do older people often receive less respect as they grow older? Can this trend be reversed?

20 Baby Boomers Define Baby Boomer? a person who was born during the demographic Post WW II - between the years 1946 and 1964 In 2011 the baby boom generation began to turn 65, and by 2030, it is projected that 1 in 5 people will be age 65 or older. What does this mean to you?

21 Cost??? The average daily cost of a private room in a nursing home in the United States is $70,080 a year, or $192 a day, or 5,800 per month. To be eligible for Medicaid, one has to deplete all of their financial resources first. Medicare does not cover long-term nursing facilities.

22 Charactoristics WOW 80% of women and men over 65 yrs. old are NOT disabled nor institutionalized. What troubles do they face? Apprehension about health Difficulty adjusting from work to retirement Inability to find avenues of service that will provide personal gratification.

23 Emotionally Aging adults must cope with Grief Guilt Loneliness Anxiety Depression Sense of helplessness Importance

24 Leading cause of accidental death Among those over 65 = Falls Approx. 33% of adults 65+ fall each year Fall related death rates are higher among men. White men have the highest death rate 25% occurred in bedrooms 8% in kitchens 22% in dining rooms

25 Alzheimer s A dementia condition now known as Alzheimer s disease. National Institute on Aging estimates approx. 4Million person (10.0% of the over 65 population) have Alzheimer s disease. More women than men suffer from this disease.

26 Cont a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities- serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 50 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Alzheimer's has no current cure

27 ALL people are Important Older people still need independence, intellectual stimulation, intimacy, self-acceptance Older people are wise in their years. Take advantage of that wisdom. Be sensitive to their needs, you will be in their shoes some day.

28 Discuss How do you prepare for aging as a younger adult? How does society determine when a person should retire? What personal behaviors and beliefs do you have about older adults that are probably ageist?

29 Health care for Elderly Transportation? Community Facilities Meal Services Chore and Home Maintenance Adult Day Care Home Health Senior Centers

30 Universal Health Care John Stossel in the classroom ZSiimEFGEho How much will it cost v=gepixbb9ejs Doctors and guns

31 Obama explains obamacare