INTRODUCTION. Clinical Science (2001) 101, (Printed in Great Britain) 2001 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society
|
|
- Nicholas Gordon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clinical Science (2001) 101, (Printed in Great Britain) 227 Post-load glucose measurements in oral glucose tolerance tests correlate well with 1,5-anhydroglucitol, an indicator of overall glycaemic state, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance Toshikazu YAMANOUCHI, Tae INOUE, Eri OGATA, Akiko KASHIWABARA, Nobuyuki OGATA, Nori SEKINO, Tomoe YOSHIMURA, Kaoru ICHIYANAGI and Takahiro KAWASAKI Department of Internal Medicine, University of Teikyo, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo , Japan A B S T R A C T Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods, we investigated the relationship between post-load serum glucose concentration in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and overall glycaemic state in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glycaemic state was assessed by measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). In the cross-sectional study, the concentration of 1,5-AG, while remaining within a normal range, was reduced to a degree proportional to the post-load glycaemic level. Although the correlation between HbA1c and post-load plasma glucose was relatively weak (r 0.281, P 0.001), a significant inverse correlation (r 0.824, P ) was found between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in 211 subjects with IGT. Fasting plasma glucose (r 0.539, P ) and 2 h plasma glucose (r 0.621, P ) were correlated with 1,5-AG less strongly than was post-load glycaemia. Both 1,5-AG and HbA1c were correlated weakly but significantly with the fasting insulin concentration. In the longitudinal study we measured 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose with an OGTT once yearly for 10 years in 15 subjects with IGT. Strong inverse correlations were seen between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose in each subject (range of r values among subjects of to 0.978). These findings suggest a close relationship between post-load plasma glucose concentration measured by OGTT and overall glycaemic state in subjects with IGT. INTRODUCTION The overall glycaemic state preceding the onset of disease has received recent attention in terms of preventing the development of clinical diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 [1], is a condition intermediate between normal blood glucose tolerance and diabetes, that is defined according to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). IGT is considered to be a major risk factor for future diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease [2]. Thus a better understanding of the glycaemic state in IGT is important for improved understanding of the development of Type II diabetes. In 1997, a committee of Key words: 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycaemic state, HbA1c, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test. Abbreviations: 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; CV, coefficient of variation; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test. Correspondence: Dr Toshikazu Yamanouchi ( yama med.teikyo-u.ac.jp).
2 228 T. Yamanouchi and others the American Diabetes Association [3] defined IGT not as hyperglycaemia, but rather as a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homoeostasis and diabetes. The committee report emphasized that many individuals with IGT typically are euglycaemic in their daily lives [3,4], and may have normal or nearly normal levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) [3,5], concluding that individuals with IGT often manifest hyperglycaemia only when challenged with the oral glucose load used in the standardized OGTT [3]. Few reports have described changes in HbA1c during the course of IGT. Little et al. [5] reported that 70% of their subjects with IGT showed normal levels of HbA1c, but their study was cross-sectional only. In a study assessing the effects of troglitazone on glycaemia in subjects with IGT, neither HbA1c nor fructosamine levels had changed 12 weeks after starting treatment, even though a significant reduction in the glucose response was evident in an OGTT performed 12 weeks after the start of treatment [6]. Developed in Japan as a new marker for glycaemia [7 14], the measurement of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5- AG) in serum can detect slight changes in the glycaemic state, and therefore appears well suited to monitoring glucose homoeostasis in patients with near-normoglycaemia [13,15,16] or postprandial hyperglycaemia [13,17,18]. Within its epidemiologically defined normal range, 1,5-AG has an individual normal value for each patient, and falls rapidly from this norm (by as much as hundreds of milligrams of glucose per day) if it is being excreted continuously in the urine [19]. Thus measurement of 1,5-AG may be a valid way to monitor slight changes in glycaemia in subjects with IGT. Tsukui et al. [20] have reported that serum 1,5-AG was lower in nondiabetic subjects with a family history of Type II diabetes mellitus than in those with no family history, suggesting that 1,5-AG better reflects early glycaemic changes in these subjects than does HbA1c. In the present study, we examined the relationship between post-load glycaemia during an OGTT and overall glycaemic state as reflected by 1,5-AG in subjects with IGT, using cross-sectional and longitudinal observations. METHODS Subjects and protocol Subjects for this study consisted of two groups. The first group included 137 men and 74 women selected from among individuals who had undergone a 75 g OGTT as part of a routine medical check-up at our hospital. All exhibited a pattern of IGT (see below) in this test. In this group, a single measurement of 1,5-AG was used to assess overall glycaemic status for cross-sectional analysis. The second group consisted of 15 subjects (eight male; seven female) who consistently met criteria for IGT in a 75 g OGTT administered once a year for 10 years at our hospital. This group was used to evaluate successive annual measurements of 1,5-AG as a predictor of glycaemic change in IGT subjects (longitudinal study). At the start of the longitudinal study, 26 subjects with IGT were registered. Over the course of 10 years, four of the 26 subjects developed diabetes and were excluded from the study. The mean 1,5-AG level of these four subjects was µg ml (range µg ml) at the onset of diabetes. Five of the 26 subjects returned to normal glucose tolerance and were also excluded from the study. The 1,5-AG levels of all five were 24.0 µg ml at the time that they returned to normal tolerance. Two subjects dropped out (one due to lung cancer and another due to change of residence). IGT and diabetes mellitus were diagnosed based on a single OGTT, according to revised American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria [3]. All subjects who had an average post-load plasma glucose value of 11.1 mmol l showed a 2 h glucose concentration of 11.1 mmol l. Subjects who had a fasting plasma glucose concentration of 7.0 mmol l were excluded from the study. Also excluded from evaluation were patients with nephropathy (serum creatinine 120 µmol l) or previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. All subjects underwent a 75 g OGTT and were tested for plasma glucose and serum insulin levels after a 12 h overnight fast. In all subjects, 1,5-AG and HbA1c levels were measured on the day that the OGTT was administered. The blood samples for 1,5-AG and HbA1c measurements were collected in the fasting state. The mean age of the first group (cross-sectional study) was years (range years), and their mean body mass index was kg m (range kg m ). The subjects in the second group (longitudinal study) ranged in age from 23 to 70 years (mean 47.3 years). Clinical profiles of the 15 subjects in the second group are described in Table 2 (see below). All subjects in the second group received advice regarding diet and exercise during the 10-year monitoring period. All subjects gave their informed consent for participation. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of our institution. Measurements Glucose concentration was measured from a venous blood sample by the glucose oxidase method. The interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.6% and 2.2% for the low- and high-quality control pools respectively. HbA1c (normal range %) was assayed by HPLC (Auto A1c; Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku, Japan), with a CV of 2.4%. In the cross-sectional study, the serum concentration of 1,5-AG (normal range
3 Impaired glucose tolerance and glycaemia µg ml) was measured with an autoanalyser system (Automatic Clinical Analyzer, Model 7150; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) [21] using a modified column enzymic test [22]; the interassay CV was 4.5% and the intra-assay CV was 1.0%. In the longitudinal study, 1,5-AG levels were determined by GLC according to a modified method reported previously [23]; the interassay CV was 2.1% and the intra-assay CV was 1.1%. The reason that GLC was used to assay 1,5-AG in the longitudinal study is that the autoanalyser was not available at the beginning of the study. Plasma insulin was measured by RIA using dextran charcoal separation [24]; the interassay CV was 11.5%. Antibody and tracer for the insulin RIA were purchased from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Statistical analysis Data are presented as the means S.D. The Shapiro Wilks test was used to assess the distribution of 1,5-AG, and the W value was (P 0.05). Thus we regarded 1,5-AG as following a normal distribution in the range observed in this study. Correlation coefficients were determined by linear regression. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP 2.0 statistical software (SAS, Tokyo, Japan). A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Cross-sectional study In the cross-sectional study, serum 1,5-AG concentrations were distributed over a wide range ( µg ml), with a mean value of µg ml. In 148 of the 211 subjects with IGT, 1,5-AG remained within the epidemiologically defined normal range ( µg ml), even though it decreased as mean glucose levels increased [9]. A significant negative correlation (r 0.824, P ; Figure 1) was found Figure 1 Correlations between 1,5-AG and plasma concentrations of glucose in 211 subjects with IGT Upper panel, relationship between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in a 75 g OGTT (r 0.824, P ). Lower panel, relationship between 1,5-AG and fasting plasma glucose (r 0.539, P ). Figure 2 Correlations between HbA1c and plasma concentrations of glucose in 211 subjects with IGT Upper panel, relationship between HbA1c and mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in a 75 g OGTT (r 0.281, P 0.001). Lower panel, relationship between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (r 0.184, P 0.01).
4 230 T. Yamanouchi and others Table 1 Correlations of 1,5-AG and HbA1c with fasting plasma glucose, mean post-load glucose and insulin concentrations in subjects with IGT Data are derived from 211 subjects. Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Σ Insulin concentration is the sum of insulin concentration values during OGTT r Parameter Fasting plasma glucose Mean post-load plasma glucose Σ Insulin concentration 1,5-AG (P ) (P ) (P 0.01) HbA1c (P 0.01) (P 0.001) (P 0.01) Table 2 Correlation between 1,5-AG and plasma glucose in IGT subjects studied longitudinally Data from subjects 1 15 are shown in Figure 3. Age and body mass index (BMI) data were obtained at the time that individual observation was begun. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for each subject, based on 10 determinations of each marker during a 10-year period. Fasting plasma glucose Mean post-load plasma glucose Case Age (years) Sex BMI (kg/m 2 ) r P r P 1 43 F M F F M M M F F M M M M F F between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose values (mean values at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after 75 g of oral glucose) in the 211 IGT subjects. A strong inverse correlation (r 0.621) was also found between 1,5-AG and 2 h plasma glucose concentrations in the 75 g OGTT. However, 1,5-AG was correlated more strongly with postload glycaemic levels than with fasting glycaemia (r 0.539, P ; Figure 1). In contrast, only weak correlations were observed between HbA1c and plasma glucose parameters in IGT subjects (Figure 2; Table 1). Statistically significant inverse correlations were found between levels of 1,5-AG and HbA1c (r 0.329, P ), and between fasting plasma glucose and mean post-load plasma glucose (r 0.510, P ). Both 1,5-AG and HbA1c showed weak but significant correlations with the summated serum immunoreactive insulin concentration (representing the summation of immunoreactive insulin concentrations at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after oral ingestion of 75 g of glucose; Table 1). No significant correlation was found between 1,5-AG and age (r 0.088, P 0.202) or body mass index (r 0.084, P 0.226). Longitudinal study In the longitudinal study, we monitored 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose with an OGTT once a year for 10 years in 15 subjects with IGT. During this period, none of the 15 subjects was diagnosed with diabetes, as defined by the revised American Diabetes Association criteria [3]. For each subject, a total of 10 values were obtained for each parameter: annual measurements over the 10-year period. A marked inverse correlation was found between the level of 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose (r to 0.978; mean r value 0.826) in each subject (Table 2, Figure 3). A less marked correlation was seen between 1,5-AG and fasting plasma glucose (mean r 0.460) (Table 2). We
5 Impaired glucose tolerance and glycaemia 231 Figure 3 Longitudinal relationship between mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in a 75 g OGTT and serum 1,5-AG in 15 subjects with IGT Subjects are identified by number, as listed for the clinical profiles in Table 2. Data are based on the results for subjects who underwent a 75 g OGTT and 1,5-AG measurements once a year for 10 years after an initial diagnosis of IGT. did not estimate the relationship between HbA1c and plasma glucose in the longitudinal study, because the method for measuring HbA1c was changed during the study period (from one that included unstable HbA1c to one that excluded this fraction), and the correlation between the old and new methods was not complete (r 0.917). DISCUSSION This is, to our knowledge, the first report confirming a close correlation between the post-load plasma glucose concentration (as measured by OGTT) and overall glycaemic state in subjects with IGT, as evaluated by 1,5-AG. 1,5-AG is more useful than HbA1c for detecting glycaemic change in the near-normoglycaemic range [13,15,16]. While the general diagnostic concept of IGT is that of a hyperglycaemic stage representing a transition from the normal state to diabetes mellitus, diagnosis of IGT is based mainly on OGTT results [1]. Previous studies have indicated that results from OGTTs are frequently not in agreement with averaged daily blood glucose measurements, especially in patients with diabetes [25,26]. Few previous studies have examined the relationship between post-load glucose concentration and overall glycaemic state in IGT subjects. Several previous studies [6,27] assessing glycaemic state have suggested that the HbA1c level does not correlate well with post-ogtt glucose levels. We similarly obtained a relatively poor correlation between HbA1c and post-load glucose. Because the plasma glucose concentration obtained with a single OGTT can be influenced by intercurrent illnesses or stresses that would not be reflected in the HbA1c concentration, we strongly question whether HbA1c can reliably reflect slight changes in overall glycaemic state in subjects with IGT [27]. As shown in the present study, 1,5-AG is a better indicator than HbA1c of postprandial glucose levels in subjects with IGT. We found that the serum 1,5-AG concentration was decreased in IGT subjects, although it remained within normal limits. The magnitude of this reduction was related to the degree of impairment of glucose tolerance. While 1,5-AG, like HbA1c, is considered relatively insensitive for detecting subjects with IGT [9,28], the
6 232 T. Yamanouchi and others normal serum 1,5-AG concentration of each subject is specific to that individual and does not necessarily correspond to an epidemiologically defined normal range [9,29]. Detection of slight changes in glucose homoeostasis by measurement of 1,5-AG can be important, even within such a normal range [19]. 1,5-AG, a 1-deoxyglucopyranose, is one of the major polyols in the human body. The substance originates in the diet and exists in a large pool in the body, being minimally degraded and metabolized [23]. Its renal reabsorption is competitively inhibited by the glucosuria induced by hyperglycaemia. Upon onset of glucosuria, 1,5-AG promptly falls below its normal value in that individual [8,30,31]. We found a strong correlation between the percentage decrease in plasma 1,5-AG and the total amount of urinary glucose excreted in 1 day. The time required for a significant change ordinarily can be up to several days [19]. Although individual IGT cases may not be detected by conventional cut-off values for 1,5-AG, we found it useful to monitor 1,5-AG at intervals to check the progression of hyperglycaemia. Studies have revealed a skewed distribution of 1,5-AG values, relative to glucose levels [8,31]. Within its normal range, 1,5-AG decreases readily in an exponential manner in response to a small increase in urinary glucose [8]. This means that the higher the level of 1,5-AG, the larger the changes in this substance. Thus the slope of the linear regression between 1,5-AG and glucose becomes steeper at higher levels of 1,5-AG, as shown in Figure 3. Although there is little individual variance in the relationship between 1,5-AG and glucose levels, it is worth noting the skewed correlation curve that results when we compare the absolute values of 1,5-AG between individuals. For a given subject, any change in the renal threshold for glucosuria should have only a relative effect on 1,5-AG levels. Individual variance in the renal threshold for glucosuria does not appear to seriously influence the clinical utility of 1,5-AG measurement, judging from our experience of its commercial use for 9 years in Japan. However, a large population study is needed to confirm this. Isolated post-challenge hyperglycaemia also carries a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease [32,33] and overall mortality [34]. In contrast, no significant risk is associated with isolated fasting hyperglycaemia. Our data suggest that many individuals with IGT develop abnormal glucose concentrations. They further suggest that, apart from hyperlipidaemia and other factors, a high blood glucose concentration at 2 h after loading (indicating a general state of hyperglycaemia throughout the day) is associated with an increased risk of death that is independent of fasting blood glucose. Even in a Japanese population, with presumably less tendency toward hyperinsulinaemia than Caucasians, IGT (but not impaired fasting glucose) may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus measurement of postprandial glucose concentration is important, even in subjects with IGT. REFERENCES 1 World Health Organization (1980) WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus, Second Report. WHO Tech. Rep. Ser Fuller, J. H., Shipley, M. J., Rose, G., Jarrett, R. J. and Keen, H. (1980) Coronary-heart disease risk and impaired glucose tolerance: the Whitehall Study. Lancet i, Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 20, Reaven, G. M., Olefsky, J. and Farquhar, J. W. (1972) Does hyperglycemia or hyper-insulinaemia characterize the patient with chemical diabetes? Lancet i, Little, R. R., England, J. D., Wiedmeyer, H.-M. et al. (1988) Relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin to oral glucose tolerance: implications for diabetes screening. Diabetes 37, Antonucci, T., Whitcomb, R., McLain, R. and Lockwood, D. (1997) Impaired glucose tolerance is normalized by treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone. Diabetes Care 20, Yamanouchi, T., Akanuma, H., Asano, T., Konishi, C., Akaoka, I. and Akanuma, Y. (1987) Reduction and recovery of plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol level in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 36, Yamanouchi, T., Minoda, S., Yabuuchi, M. et al. (1989) Plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as new clinical marker of glycemic control in NIDDM patients. Diabetes 38, Yamanouchi, T., Akanuma, Y., Toyota, T. et al. (1991) Comparison of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and fructosamine for detection of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 40, Yamanouchi, T., Moromizato, H., Shinohara, T., Minoda, S., Miyashita, H. and Akaoka, I. (1992) Estimation of plasma glucose fluctuation with combination test of HbA1c and 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Metabolism 41, Niwa, T., Dewald, L., Sone, J., Miyazaki, T. and Kajita, M. (1994) Quantification of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in uremic and diabetic patients by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Clin. Chem. 40, Nanba, N., Watanabe, F., Tokuda, M., Mino, M. and Furuya, E. (1994) A new method of quantitating serum and urinary levels of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 24, Kishimoto, M., Yamasaki, Y., Kubota, M. et al. (1995) 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol evaluates daily glycemic excursions in well-controlled NIDDM. Diabetes Care 18, Yamanouchi, T., Ogata, N., Tagaya, T. et al. (1996) Clinical usefulness of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in monitoring glycaemic control. Lancet 347, Komiya, I., Takasu, N., Nagasawa, Y. et al. (1992) Measurement of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in patients with near-normal hyperglycemia. Tonyobyo (Tokyo) 35, (in Japanese) 16 Nemoto, T. (1995) Diagnostic significance of plasma 1,5- anhydroglucitol mesurement in screening for diabetes mellitus. Tonyobyo (Tokyo) 38, (in Japanese) 17 Yoshioka, K., Azukari, K., Yoshida, T. and Kondo, M. (1997) Rapid improvement of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations after administration of α-glucosidase inhibitor. Diabetes Care 20, Matsumoto, K., Yano, M., Miyake, S. et al. (1998) Effects of voglibose on glycemic excursions, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in non-insulin treated NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 21,
7 Impaired glucose tolerance and glycaemia Yamanouchi, T. and Akanuma, Y. (1994) Serum 1,5- anhydroglucitol (1,5AG). New clinical marker for glycemic control. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 24 (suppl.), S261 S Tsukui, S., Fukumura, Y. and Kobayashi, I. (1996) Decreased serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in nondiabetic subjects with a family history of NIDDM. Diabetes Care 19, Fukumura, Y., Tajima, S., Oshitani, S. et al. (1994) Fully enzymatic method for determining 1,5-anhydro-Dglucitol in serum. Clin. Chem. 40, Yabuuchi, M., Masuda, M., Katoh, K., Nakamura, T. and Akanuma, H. (1989) Simple enzymatic method for determining 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol in plasma for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chem. 35, Yamanouchi, T., Tachibana, Y., Akanuma, H. et al. (1992) Origin and disposal of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major polyol in the human body. Am. J. Physiol. 263, E268 E Herbert, V., Law, K., Gottlieb, C. and Bleicher, S. (1965) Coated charcoal immunoassay of insulin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 25, O Sullivan, J. B. and Mahan, C. M. (1968) Prospective study of 352 young patients with chemical diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 278, Sherwin, R. S. (1977) Limitations of oral glucose tolerance test in diagnosis of early diabetes. Primary Care 4, Makita, Z., Nakayama, H., Taneda, S. et al. (1991) Radioimmunoassay for the determination of glycated haemoglobin. Diabetologia 34, Robertson, D. A., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Dowse, G. K., Zimmet, P., Tuomilehto, J. and Gareeboo, H., for the Mauritius Noncommunicable Diseases Study Group (1993) Is serum anhydroglucitol an alternative to the oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes screening? Diabetic Med. 10, Yamanouchi, T., Akanuma, H., Nakamura, T., Akaoka, I. and Akanuma, Y. (1988) Reduction of plasma 1,5- anhydroglucitol (1-deoxyglucose) concentration in diabetic patients. Diabetologia 31, Akanuma, Y., Morita, M., Fukuzawa, N., Yamanouchi, T. and Akanuma, H. (1988) Urinary excretion of 1,5- anhydro-d-glucitol accompanying glucose excretion in diabetic patients. Diabetologia 31, Stickle, D. and Turk, J. (1997) A kinetic mass balance model for 1,5-anhydroglucitol: applications to monitoring of glycemic control. Am. J. Physiol. 273, E821 E Shaw, J. E., Hodge, A. M., Courten, M., Chitson, P. and Zimmet, P. Z. (1999) Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia confirmed as a risk factor for mortality. Diabetologia 42, Tominaga, M., Eguchi, H., Manaka, H., Igarashi, K., Kato, T. and Sekikawa, A. (1999) Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease but not impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes Care 22, The DECODE Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group (1999) Glucose tolerance and mortality comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Lancet 354, Received 1 December 2000/2 April 2001; accepted 3 May 2001
Correlation between baseline serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels and 2-hour post-challenge glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance tests
Endocrine Journal 2011, 58 (1), 13-17 Or i g i n a l Correlation between baseline serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels and 2-hour post-challenge glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance tests Maki Goto
More informationClinical Study Glycemic Profiles of Healthy Individuals with Low Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c
International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Endocrinology Volume 2011, Article ID 435047, 6 pages doi:10.5402/2011/435047 Clinical Study Glycemic Profiles of Healthy Individuals with Low Fasting Plasma
More informationPost-challenge hyperglycaemia is associated with premature death and macrovascular complications
Diabetologia (2003) 46[Suppl1]:M17 M21 DOI 10.1007/s00125-002-0932-4 Post-challenge hyperglycaemia is associated with premature death and macrovascular complications Q. Qiao 1, 2, J. Tuomilehto 2, 3, K.
More informationSerum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Concentrations Are a Reliable Index of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes With Mild or Moderate Renal Dysfunction
Epidemiology/Health Services Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Concentrations Are a Reliable Index of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes With Mild or Moderate Renal Dysfunction
More informationEarly diagnosis, early treatment and the new diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
British Journal of Nutrition (2000), 84, Suppl. 2, S177±S181 S177 Early diagnosis, early treatment and the new diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus Takeshi Kuzuya* JA Shioya General Hospital, Tomita
More informationPossible discrepancy of HbA1c values and its assessment among patients with chronic renal failure, hemodialysis and other diseases
Clin Exp Nephrol (2015) 19:1179 1183 DOI 10.1007/s10157-015-1110-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Possible discrepancy of HbA1c values and its assessment among patients with chronic renal failure, hemodialysis and other
More informationDiabetes Care 29: , 2006
Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and Postprandial Hyperglycemia as Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Moderately Controlled Patients
More informationGlucagon secretion in relation to insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects
Diabetologia (2006) 49: 117 122 DOI 10.1007/s00125-005-0056-8 ARTICLE B. Ahrén Glucagon secretion in relation to insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects Received: 4 July 2005 / Accepted: 12 September 2005
More informationAlternative biomarkers for assessing glycemic control in diabetes: fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol
Review article http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2015.20.2.74 Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015;20:74-78 Alternative biomarkers for assessing glycemic control in diabetes: fructosamine, glycated albumin,
More informationGlycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin are differently influenced by endogenous insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 21, 2009 Endogenous insulin secretion and glycated proteins Glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin are differently influenced by endogenous
More informationImpaired Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Fasting Glycaemia and Cardiovascular Risk
R E V I E W A R T I C L E Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Fasting Glycaemia and Cardiovascular Risk Harsinen Sanusi ABSTRACT Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus tends to increase year by year and it has high
More informationJapan Foundation for the Promotion of International Medical Research Cooperation, Tokyo, Japan 2
Original Article 857 Fasting Plasma Glucose and Incidence of Diabetes --- Implication for the Threshold for Impaired Fasting Glucose: Results from the Population-Based Omiya MA Cohort Study Masayuki Kato,
More informationArticle: Epidemiology Haemoglobin A 1c cut-off point to identify a high risk group of future diabetes: results from the Omiya MA Cohort Study
Article: Epidemiology Haemoglobin A 1c cut-off point to identify a high risk group of future diabetes: results from the Omiya MA Cohort Study M. Kato 1, M. Noda 2, H. Suga 3, T. Nakamura 3, M. Matsumoto
More informationThe glycated albumin to HbA1c ratio is elevated in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with onset during pregnancy
41 ORIGINAL The glycated albumin to HbA1c ratio is elevated in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with onset during pregnancy Masafumi Koga 1, Ikki Shimizu 2, Jun Murai 3, Hiroshi Saito 3,
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Relationships Between Fasting, 2-Hour Postchallenge Plasma Glucose and Hemoglobin A 1c Values Hans J. Woerle, MD; Walkyria P. Pimenta,
More informationThe Effect of Lowering the Threshold for Diagnosis of Impaired Fasting Glucose
Yonsei Med J 49(2):217-223, 2008 DOI 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.2.217 The Effect of Lowering the Threshold for Diagnosis of Impaired Fasting Glucose So Hun Kim, 1 Wan Sub Shim, 1 Eun A Kim, 1 Eun Joo Kim, 1 Seung
More informationIsolated Post-challenge Hyperglycemia: Concept and Clinical Significance
CLINICAL PRACTICE Isolated Post-challenge Hyperglycemia: Concept and Clinical Significance John MF. Adam*, Daniel Josten** ABSTRACT The American Diabetes Association has strongly recommended that fasting
More informationThe number of diabetic patients in Japan
Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome/Pre-Diabetes O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Glucose Intolerance Is Common in Japanese Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Who Were Not Previously Diagnosed
More informationRecent Change in the Annual Incidence of Childhood Type 2 Diabetes in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2007; 16(2), 53-58 Copyright 2007 by The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Original Article Recent Change in the Annual Incidence of Childhood Type 2 Diabetes in the
More informationHyperglycaemia and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in five populations of Asian origin
Diabetologia (2004) 47:385 394 DOI 10.1007/s00125-004-1334-6 Hyperglycaemia and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in five populations of Asian origin T. Nakagami the DECODA Study
More informationNote Link to the published version of the Article The definitive version is available at
1 Title Should tthe threshold for definition of impaired fasting glucose be loweredshould be preserved? Authors K Inoue, M Matsumoto, K Akimoto Corresponding Author Kazuo Inoue, MD, PhD Department of Community
More informationEffect of repaglinide, administered two or three times daily for 3 months, on glycaemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Research Note Effect of repaglinide, administered two or three times daily for 3 months, on glycaemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Journal of International Medical Research
More informationDiabetes Mellitus. Eiman Ali Basheir. Mob: /1/2019
Diabetes Mellitus Eiman Ali Basheir Mob: 091520385 27/1/2019 Learning Outcomes Discuss the WHO criteria for Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis Describe the steps taken to confirm diagnosis Interpret GTT. Discuss
More informationDiabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1995
Diabetologia (1995) 38:487-493 Diabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1995 Does NIDDM increase the risk for coronary heart disease similarly in both low- and high-risk populations? M. Laakso 1, T. R6nnemaa 2'
More informationSafety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics,and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Rising Doses of Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics,and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Rising Doses of Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Journal Club (May 2013) Sara Al-Sharhan, Pharm D intern-
More informationDiabetes Research and Treatment. 1, 5-Anhydroglucitol as Marker of Short-Term Hyperglycemic. Excursions in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Diabetes Research and Treatment Open Access Received: Dec 22, 2014 Accepted: Jan 24, 2015 Published: Jan 26, 2015 DOI:10.14437/2377-7206-2-120 Research Felix Kulozik, Diabetes Res Treat Open Access 2015,
More informationWILL YOU USE HBA1C TO SCREEN & MONITOR DIABETES? Dr. Amany Mousa
WILL YOU USE HBA1C TO SCREEN & MONITOR DIABETES? Dr. Amany Mousa Diabetes is clinically well defined by glycation of proteins 1. True 2. false So far, diabetes has been defined as a clinical condition
More informationNon-insulin treatment in Type 1 DM Sang Yong Kim
Non-insulin treatment in Type 1 DM Sang Yong Kim Chosun University Hospital Conflict of interest disclosure None Committee of Scientific Affairs Committee of Scientific Affairs Insulin therapy is the mainstay
More informationEvaluation of Serum 1,5 Anhydroglucitol Levels as a Clinical Test to Differentiate Subtypes of Diabetes
Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Evaluation of Serum 1,5 Anhydroglucitol Levels as a Clinical Test to Differentiate Subtypes of Diabetes APARNA PAL,
More informationDiabetes mellitus. Treatment
Diabetes mellitus Treatment Recommended glycemic targets for the clinical management of diabetes(ada) Fasting glycemia: 80-110 mg/dl Postprandial : 100-145 mg/dl HbA1c: < 6,5 % Total cholesterol: < 200
More informationFasting Glucose, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study
Fasting Glucose, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study Laura F. DeFina, MD,* Gloria Lena Vega, PhD,Þ David Leonard, PhD,Þ and Scott M. Grundy,
More information1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol Could Reflect Hypoglycemia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Therapy
Original Article Endocrinol Metab 2016 Forthcoming. Posted online 2016 pissn 2093-596X eissn 2093-5978 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol Could Reflect Hypoglycemia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving
More information1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol Could Reflect Hypoglycemia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Therapy
Original Article Endocrinol Metab 2016;31:284-291 http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.284 pissn 2093-596X eissn 2093-5978 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol Could Reflect Hypoglycemia Risk in Patients with Type
More informationA study to find out the relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension
International Journal of Advances in Medicine http://www.ijmedicine.com pissn 49-95 eissn 49-9 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/.10/49-9.ijam01771 A study to find out the relationship between
More informationFat Accumulation and Obesity-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Fat Accumulation and Obesity-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women Miwa Ryo 1, Tohru Funahashi 1, Tadashi Nakamura 1, Shinji Kihara 1, Kazuaki Kotani
More informationElectronic Supplementary Material to the article entitled Altered pattern of the
Electronic Supplementary Material to the article entitled Altered pattern of the incretin effect as assessed by modelling in individuals with glucose tolerance ranging from normal to diabetic Integrated
More informationSerum Retinol-binding Protein 4 Levels in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
The Journal of International Medical Research 2010; 38: 95 99 Serum Retinol-binding Protein 4 Levels in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Z-Z LI 1, X-Z LU 2, J-B LIU 1 AND L CHEN 1 1 Department of Endocrinology,
More informationFrom Policemen to Policies: What Is the Future for 2-h Glucose?
Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E From Policemen to Policies: What Is the Future for 2-h Glucose? The Kelly West Lecture, 2000 EVELINE ESCHWÈGE, MD 1 MARIE
More informationJournal of Medical Science & Technology
Page3 Journal of Medical Science & Technology Original Article Open Access Relationship between serum uric acid levels and glycaemic control in patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Sahiba Kukreja 1, Amandeep
More informationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2017) Vol.68 (3), Page
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2017) Vol.68 (3), Page 1527-1532 1,5 Anhydroglucitol Evaluation as Glycemic Control Parameter of Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Helmy M. Elsayed, Mohammed
More informationMeasuring Effectiveness of Glimepiride Titration Using SMBG in Patients with Mild Type 2 Diabetes
38 The Open Diabetes Journal, 09, 2, 38-43 Open Access Measuring Effectiveness of Glimepiride Titration Using in Patients with Mild Type 2 Diabetes Akio Kanazawa,1, Tomoaki Shimizu 1, Chie Ebato 1, Yuko
More informationDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 Evidence-Based Drivers
This module is supported by an unrestricted educational grant by Aventis Pharmaceuticals Education Center. Copyright 2003 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Evidence-Based Drivers Driver One: Reducing blood glucose
More informationG. W. Katulanda 1, P. Katulanda 2,3,4, C. Dematapitiya 2, H. A. Dissanayake 2*, S. Wijeratne 5, M. H. R. Sheriff 2 and D. R.
Katulanda et al. BMC Endocrine Disorders (2019) 19:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0343-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Plasma glucose in screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes: how much is too much?
More informationThe threshold for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose: a position statement by the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group
Diabetologia (2006) 49: 822 827 DOI 10.1007/s00125-006-0189-4 ARTICLE N. G. Forouhi. B. Balkau. K. Borch-Johnsen. J. Dekker. C. Glumer. Q. Qiao. A. Spijkerman. R. Stolk. A. Tabac. N. J. Wareham. On behalf
More informationTransplantation in Nagasaki
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) Citation Evaluation of the Presumable Incide Transplantation in Nagasaki Tanaka, Takayuki; Kuroki, Tamotsu; Tatsuya; Ono, Shinichiro; Abiru, No Susumu
More informationIntroduction of glycated albumin measurement for all blood donors and the prevalence of a high glycated albumin level in Japan
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Introduction of glycated albumin measurement for all blood donors and the prevalence of a high glycated albumin level in Japan Takeshi Araki 1 *, Yoshihide Ishikawa 1, Hitoshi Okazaki
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Table S1. Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.*
Supplementary Table S1. Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.* T2D ND n (F/M) 66 (21/45) 25 (7/18) Age (years) 61.8 ± 6.9 49.4 ± 7.3 # Body weight (kg) 95 ± 16 105 ± 13 # Body mass index (kg.
More informationComparative associations of diabetes risk factors with five measures of hyperglycemia
Open Access To cite: Poon AK, Juraschek SP, Ballantyne CM, et al. Comparative associations of diabetes risk factors with five measures of hyperglycemia. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2014;2:e000002.
More informationCharles Darwin University
Charles Darwin University Area-under-the-HbA1c-curve above the normal range and the prediction of microvascular outcomes an analysis of data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Maple-Brown,
More informationScreening Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance of the Japanese Population in a Rural Area of Japan: The Tottori-Kofu Study
Yonago Acta medica 2009;52:105 114 Screening Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance of the Japanese Population in a Rural Area of Japan: The Tottori-Kofu Study Tsuyoshi Ohkura, Shin-ichi
More informationCombined measurement of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c is effective for the prediction of type 2 diabetes: The Kansai Healthcare Study
Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online January 8, 2009 Combined measurement of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c is effective for the prediction of type 2 diabetes: The Kansai Healthcare
More informationHBA1C AN INACCURATE MEASURE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN A FEMALE WITH HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS DESPITE NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
Case Report HBA1C AN INACCURATE MEASURE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN A FEMALE WITH HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS DESPITE NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS Nora Alghothani, MD, MPH; Kathleen M. Dungan, MD, MPH ABSTRACT Objective:
More informationGLP 1 agonists Winning the Losing Battle. Dr Bernard SAMIA. KCS Congress: Impact through collaboration
GLP 1 agonists Winning the Losing Battle Dr Bernard SAMIA KCS Congress: Impact through collaboration CONTACT: Tel. +254 735 833 803 Email: kcardiacs@gmail.com Web: www.kenyacardiacs.org Disclosures I have
More informationThe role of oral antidiabetic agents: why and when to use an early-phase insulin secretion agent in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetologia (2003) 46[Suppl1]:M30 M36 DOI 10.1007/s00125-002-0934-2 The role of oral antidiabetic agents: why and when to use an early-phase insulin secretion agent in Type 2 diabetes mellitus E. Standl
More informationSandra Božičević dipl. ing. med. biochem, Marijana Vučić Lovrenčić, PhD Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Zagreb, Croatia
16. PRE-ANALYTICAL, ANALYTICAL AND POST-ANALYTICAL FACTORS INFLU- ENCING SPECIFIC TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF DM-National network in quality assessment Prof. Dubravka Juretić, Ph.D. University
More informationDiabetes Day for Primary Care Clinicians Advances in Diabetes Care
Diabetes Day for Primary Care Clinicians Advances in Diabetes Care Elliot Sternthal, MD, FACP, FACE Chair New England AACE Diabetes Day Planning Committee Welcome and Introduction This presentation will:
More informationEffects of Oral Administration of Erythritol on Patients with Diabetes
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 24, S303 S308 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0112 Effects of Oral Administration of Erythritol on Patients with Diabetes MASASHI ISHIKAWA,* MINORU MIYASHITA, YUKIKO KAWASHIMA,
More informationAnneloes Kerssen, a Harold W. de Valk, b Gerard H.A. Visser a. D RCOG 2004 BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology September 2004, Vol. 111, pp. 919 924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00203.x Day-to-day glucose variability during pregnancy in women with Type
More informationassociated with serious complications, but reduce occurrences with preventive measures
Wk 9. Management of Clients with Diabetes Mellitus 1. Diabetes Mellitus body s inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, proteins hyperglycemia associated with serious complications, but reduce occurrences
More informationVariation in Polyol Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Diabetic Patients
Diabetologia 11,575-580 (1975) 9 by Springer-Verlag 1975 Variation in Polyol Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Diabetic Patients C. Servo and E. Pitkfinen Fourth Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Helsinki,
More informationGLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST: FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Title of Document: Glucose tolerance test: For Diagnosis of Mellitus Authoriser: Leila Cornes Page 1 of 6 GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST: FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS Introduction In most cases mellitus
More informationThe oral meal or oral glucose tolerance test. Original Article Two-Hour Seven-Sample Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Meal Protocol
Original Article Two-Hour Seven-Sample Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Meal Protocol Minimal Model Assessment of -Cell Responsivity and Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Individuals Chiara Dalla Man,
More informationNew Indices for Predicting Glycaemic Variability
Akifumi Ogawa 1, Akinori Hayashi 1, Eriko Kishihara 1, Sonomi Yoshino 1, Akihiro Takeuchi 2, Masayoshi Shichiri 1 * 1 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kitasato
More informationUsefulness of Glycated Hemoglobin as Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.9.1057 J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27: 1057-1061 Usefulness of Glycated Hemoglobin as Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic
More informationJMSCR Vol 06 Issue 10 Page October 2018
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i10.44 Original Research Article Evaluation
More informationIncompatibility between fasting and postprandial plasma glucose in patients with Cushing s syndrome
2016, 63 (11), 1017-1023 Note Incompatibility between fasting and postprandial plasma glucose in patients with Cushing s syndrome Michio Otsuki 1), Tetsuhiro Kitamura 1), Daisuke Tamada 1), Yukiko Tabuchi
More informationHbA1c enzymatic assay evaluation at AN academic
Peer reviewed ORIGINAL ARTICLE HbA1c enzymatic assay evaluation at AN academic laboratory B Phiri-Ramongane Mmed Chem Path, FCP Path(SA)-Chem Department of Chemical Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences
More informationAge- and Sex-Specific Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in 11 Asian Cohorts
Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Age- and Sex-Specific Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in 11 Asian Cohorts THE DECODA STUDY GROUP
More informationResearch Article The Association of Retinopathy and Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: A Validation of Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria in a Chinese Population
Diabetes Research Volume 216, Article ID 434129, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/216/434129 Research Article The Association of Retinopathy and Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: A Validation of Diabetes Diagnostic
More informationThe promise of the thiazolidinediones in the management of type 2 diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease
The promise of the thiazolidinediones in the management of type 2 diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease Steve Smith, Group Director Scientific Affairs, Diabetes & Metabolism GlaxoSmithKline R & D
More informationDirect HbA1c testing capabilities on the RX modena
Direct testing capabilities on the RX modena INTRODUCTION What is? The term refers to glycated haemoglobin. It develops when haemoglobin, a protein within red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout
More informationSubjects and Methods 2017, 64 (8),
2017, 64 (8), 827-832 Careful readings for a flash glucose monitoring system in nondiabetic Japanese subjects: individual differences and discrepancy in glucose concentrarion after glucose loading Keiko
More informationJournal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders; 2011; Vol 10, pp 1-6. Keywords: Glycated hemoglobin, Paper filter, Diabetes, Dried blood spot.
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders; 2011; Vol 10, pp 1-6 Glycated hemoglobin measurements from dried blood spots: reliability and relation to results obtained from whole blood samples Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
More informationSciTeMed Publishing Group
SciTeMed Publishing Group ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diabetes and Endocrinology Effect of Hemoglobin Levels and Sex on HbA1c Levels among Japanese Population Tomoko Nakagami, MD, PhD 1 *; Junko Oya, MD, PhD 1 ;
More informationCardiovascular Risk Factors among Diabetic Patients Attending a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. O Alao, S Adebisi, G Jombo, D Joseph, O Damulak, F Puepet
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Endocrinology Volume 6 Number 1 Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Diabetic Patients Attending a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. O Alao, S Adebisi, G Jombo, D Joseph, O Damulak,
More informationDiabetes Care 25: , 2002
Pathophysiology/Complications O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E The Glucose Area Under the Profiles Obtained With Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Relationships With HbA lc in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetic
More informationEzetimibe Reduces Urinary Albumin Excretion in Hypercholesterolaemic Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Microalbuminuria
The Journal of International Medical Research 2012; 40: 798 803 Ezetimibe Reduces Urinary Albumin Excretion in Hypercholesterolaemic Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Microalbuminuria T NAKAMURA 1, E SATO
More informationCONTROLLO GLICEMICO NEL PAZIENTE CON DMT2: E' SUFFICIENTE HbA1C? Contrario. Antonio Ceriello a,b
CONTROLLO GLICEMICO NEL PAZIENTE CON DMT2: E' SUFFICIENTE HbA1C? Contrario Antonio Ceriello a,b Excessive Glucose Fluctuations With Same A1C Values 400 Mean A1C = 6.7% Glucose Concentration (mg/dl) 300
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY INSULIN RESISTANCE AND 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY INSULIN RESISTANCE AND 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE
More informationAnalysis for the Improvement of Inadequate Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nagano, Japan
Shinshu Med J, 66⑸:319~324, 2018 Analysis for the Improvement of Inadequate Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nagano, Japan Ai Sato 1 ), Yoshihiko Sato 1)*, Yuki Kobayashi 1)
More informationThe Effects of High Haematocrit Levels on Glucose Metabolism Disorders
The Journal of International Medical Research 2002; 30: 433 437 The Effects of High Haematocrit Levels on Glucose Metabolism Disorders I ÇAPOĞLU 1, N ÜNÜVAR 1, Y BEKTAş 2, Ö YILMAZ 3 AND MD KAYA 4 1 Division
More informationNormal Fasting Plasma Glucose and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis
CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis Gregory A. Nichols, PhD, Teresa A. Hillier, MD, MS, Jonathan B. Brown, PhD, MPP Center for Health Research, Kaiser
More informationDiabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1993
Diabetologia (1993) 36:]_315-1321 Diabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1993 Relation of birthweight to maternal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during normal pregnancy M. C. Breschi ~, G. Seghieri
More informationREVIEW Global standardisation of HbA 1c
Malaysian J Pathol 2008; 30(2) : 67 71 REVIEW Global standardisation of Leslie C LAI, FRCP, FRCPath Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract is used for assessing glycaemic control
More informationPrevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes among patients with Impaired Fasting Blood Sugar in Seria Health Centre.
Original Article Brunei Int Med J. 2017; 13 (3): 79-84 Prevalence of Impaired Tolerance and Diabetes among patients with Impaired Fasting Blood Sugar in Seria Health Centre. KHAING AK, THU K, HLAING AA.
More informationThe Non-inferiority Margin in Diabetes Trials
The non-inferioirty margin in diabetes trials 20NOV2008 The Non-inferiority Margin in Diabetes Trials Lars Endahl Biostatistics, Novo Nordisk The non-inferioirty margin in diabetes trials 20NOV2008 Slide
More informationDiabetologia 9 by Springer-Verlag 1979
Diabetologia 16, 25-30 (1979) Diabetologia 9 by Springer-Verlag 1979 Worsening to Diabetes in Men with Impaired Glucose Tolerance ("Borderline Diabetes") R. J. Jarrett, H. Keen, J. H. Fuller, and M. McCartney
More informationTUEC Guidelines Medical Information to Support the Decisions of TUE Committees Diabetes Mellitus DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS 1. Introduction Diabetes is a global epidemic with 415 million people affected worldwide equivalent to the total population of the USA, Canada and Mexico. In recognition of this, the
More informationHBA1C: PREDICTOR OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND ATHEROGENICITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Original Article HBA1C: PREDICTOR OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND ATHEROGENICITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS Chintamani Bodhe*, Deepali Jankar**, Tara Bhutada***, Milind Patwardhan****, Mrs Varsha Patwardhan***** ABSTRACT
More informationSensory Function and Albumin Excretion According to Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes
Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome/Pre-Diabetes O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Sensory Function and Albumin Excretion According to Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes JAY M. SOSENKO, MD 1,2 MARTHA
More informationInsulin Secretion and Sensitivity during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Korean Lean Elderly Women
J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16: 592-7 ISSN 1011-8934 Copyright The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Korean Lean Elderly Women Impaired
More informationMoving to an A1C-Based Screening & Diagnosis of Diabetes. By Prof.M.Assy Diabetes&Endocrinology unit
Moving to an A1C-Based Screening & Diagnosis of Diabetes By Prof.M.Assy Diabetes&Endocrinology unit is the nonenzymatic glycated product of the hemoglobin beta-chain at the valine terminal residue. Clin
More informationTUE Physician Guidelines Medical Information to Support the Decisions of TUE Committees Diabetes Mellitus DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS 1. Introduction Diabetes is a global epidemic with 415 million people affected worldwide equivalent to the total population of the USA, Canada and Mexico. In recognition of this, the
More informationDiscussion points. The cardiometabolic connection. Cardiometabolic Risk Management in the Primary Care Setting
Session #5 Cardiometabolic Risk Management in the Primary Care Setting Sonja Reichert, MD MSc FCFP FACPM Betty Harvey, RNEC BScN MScN Amanda Mikalachki, RN BScN CDE S Discussion points Whom should we be
More informationVishwanath Pattan Endocrinology Wyoming Medical Center
Vishwanath Pattan Endocrinology Wyoming Medical Center Disclosure Holdings in Tandem Non for this Training Introduction In the United States, 5 to 6 percent of pregnancies almost 250,000 women are affected
More informationRelationship between Perceived Job-Stress and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in White-Collar Workers
Industrial Health, 1989. 27. 149-154 149 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Relationship between Perceived Job-Stress and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in White-Collar Workers Norito KAWAKAMI,' Shunichi ARAKP1) Takeshi HAYASHI2)
More informationAn analysis of baseline data from the ORIGIN trial
Epidemiology/Health Services Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Relationship Between A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Dysglycemia or Type 2 Diabetes An analysis of baseline data from the ORIGIN trial
More informationNew Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
New Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Joely Straseski, PhD, DABCC, FACB Assistant Professor and Medical Director Endocrinology and Automated Core Laboratory University of Utah and ARUP
More informationFactors Associated With Reduced Efficacy of Sitagliptin Therapy: Analysis of 93 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated for 1.
Elmer Original Article ress Factors Associated With Reduced Efficacy of Sitagliptin Therapy: Analysis of 93 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated for 1.5 Years or Longer Akira Kanamori a, Ikuro Matsuba
More information