BRITISH BIOMEDICAL BULLETIN
|
|
- Egbert Griffin
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal Home Page BRITISH BIOMEDICAL BULLETIN Original Prevalence and Correlates of Hypertension & Diabetes among 18 Years Urban Population in India Meshram II* 1, Vishnu Vardhana Rao M 2, Sudershan Rao V. 3, Laxmaiah A. 1 and Polasa K. 3 1 Division of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad , India 2 Division of Biostatistics, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad , India 3 Division of food & drug toxicology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad , India A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Received 24 Mar Received in revised form 26 Mar Accepted 03 Apr Keywords: Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Overweight/obesity, Socioeconomic groups. Corresponding author: Division of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad , India. address: indrapal.m@rediffmail.com Background: With epidemiological, demographic, lifestyle and nutrition transition, non-communicable diseases are increasing in India. The present study was carried out to assess prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors and correlates of hypertension and diabetes among urban population. Materials & Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban India, using multistage stratified random sampling Information on household s socio-demographic particulars such as age, sex, education, occupation, income, etc was collected. Anthropometrics measurements such as height (cm), weight (kg), waist and hip circumference (cm), along with measurements of blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile was carried out. Association was tested by using chi-square and logistic regression analysis was done. Results: The study showed that the prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyper triglyceridemia was 39%, 22%, 11.5% and 26% respectively among the urban population and was significantly higher among men as compared to women, although overweight/obesity was higher among women (48% Vs 29%). The prevalence was higher among high and middle income groups. The risk of hypertension and diabetes was significantly higher among men, middle aged & elderly (>59 years) and among overweight/obese. The risk of diabetes was significantly (p<0.01) lower among high and middle income groups as compared to slum dwellers. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was higher among high & middle income as compared to other socioeconomic groups. The risk of hypertension and diabetes was observed to be significantly associated with age, gender & overweight/obesity and also socioeconomic status. The information, education and communication (IEC) activities needs to be strengthened for control of these diseases.
2 2015 British Biomedical Bulletin. All rights reserved Introduction With Epidemiological, lifestyle and nutrition transition, non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) etc. are increasing in developing countries including India. Cardiovascular diseases caused about 9.1 million deaths in developing countries and 1.5 million deaths in India in the year It is estimated that by 2020, CVDs will be the largest cause of disability and appr. 2.6 million death among Indians 2,3. Hypertension is important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is the third major killer disease accounting for one in every eight deaths worldwide 4. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally about 62% of cerebrovascular diseases and 49% of ischemic heart diseases are attributable to suboptimal blood pressure (systolic > 115 mmhg), with little variation by sex 4. Hypertension is directly responsible for 57% deaths due to stroke and 24% deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) in India. As per Indian council of Medical research (ICMR) study, prevalence of hypertension was 16-24% among urban adults in different states in India 5, while Midha et al reported 20-36% prevalence of hypertension 6. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is another important non-communicable disease. Globally, it is estimated that 382 million people are suffering from diabetes with a prevalence of 8.3%. North America and the Caribbean had the higher prevalence (11%), followed by the Middle East and North Africa (9.2%), Western Pacific regions (8.6%) 7. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in the more developed countries. However, it is predicted that the greatest increase will be in Asia and Africa by ICMR in 2009 reported 5-14% prevalence of diabetes in urban Indian population in different states 5. This increase in prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, most importantly a "Western-style" diet i.e. environmental (i.e., dietary) effect. Overweight/obesity is important risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain forms of cancer 9 and is an emerging problem in Asian countries including India. Globally, there are more than 1 billion overweight adults, at least 300 million of them obese. The present study was carried out by National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad to assess consumption of processed and non-processed food along with the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes among urban population in 10 States of India during The information related to overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes among urban population 18 years is presented in this communication. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the Scientific Advisory Committee, and Institutional Ethical Review Board, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad (IEC No. 05/2009). Written informed consent was obtained from each subjects involved in the study. Sampling design and frame It was a community-based, crosssectional study, carried out by adopting multistage stratified random sampling method.
3 Sample size calculation For hypertension Earlier studies have reported 20-36% prevalence of hypertension among urban adults of 18 years 6. Assuming the minimum level of prevalence of hypertension among urban adults (20%), with 95% confidence interval, 5% absolute precision, design effect of 1.5, the sample size required was 369~370 adults in each gender for each socio-economic group (i.e. 740 x 5=3700). Diabetes mellitus Fasting blood sugar level was estimated on alternate individual i.e subjects. Lipid profile estimation Serum lipid level was estimated on sub sample of subjects. Selection of States and cities Two states were selected randomly from each region in India and state capital was selected for study. Study was carried out in five socio-economic strata viz., High Income Group (HIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), Low Income Group (LIG), Slum dwellers and Industrial Labours (IL). (See figure 4.) Selection of HHs In order to get the required sample of 3700 subjects, considering 2.5 adults in each HHs, a total of 1500 HHs were covered. From each socio-economic group, 30 households were selected randomly. Thus a total of 150 HHs were covered from each city and thus 1500 HHs from 10 cities. Data collection The data was collected by a 5 teams consisting of Nutritionist, Research Assistant and Laboratory technician, recruited from local areas and were trained in survey methodology at National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. The data was collected from the selected HHs on sociodemographic and economic particulars such as age, sex, community, education, income and occupation etc. of individuals. Anthropometric measurements were carried out using standard equipments and procedure. 10 Weight (nearest of 0.1kg) was measured with SECA weighing scale, and height (nearest of 0.1cm) with anthropometer rod. Waist and hip circumference was measured on all the adults covered for anthropometry using fibre reinforced non-elastic tape. 11 Waist circumference was measured at a point midway between lower rib margin and iliac crest. Three measurements of blood pressure (BP) at 5 minute interval in sitting position using OMRON digital BP Apparatus (HEM model) were taken on all the individual 18 years of age and average of three readings was used. Fasting blood glucose levels were estimated in a sub-sample by using one touch glucometers (Accu-Chek Active) and lipid levels were estimated using Cholestech LDX equipment. Data analysis The data was scrutinized, cleaned and entered into the computers at the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. The data was analyzed using SPSS version Mean ±SD, Proportion test, bivariate and multiple regression analysis was carried out to know the important risk factors associated with hypertension and diabetes. Individual with systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mmhg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 mmhg and/or currently on treatment for hypertension were categorized as hypertensive 12. Fasting blood sugar level of <110 mg/dl was considered as normal, mg/dl as impaired fasting glucose and 126 mg/dl as diabetes 13,14. Body mass index
4 (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/[ht. (mt) 2 ]. Individuals with BMI of <18.5 were classified as chronic energy deficiency (CED), BMI between as normal and BMI as overweight and 27.5 as obese 15. Individuals with waist circumference of 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women were considered cut off points for defining an abdominal obesity as per Asian cut off. Individuals with waist to hip ratio (WHR) of 0.90 for men and 0.80 for women were considered as cut off points for central obesity 16. Dyslipidemia National Cholesterol Education Programme guidelines were used for definitions of dyslipidemia 17. Hypercholesterolemia Serum cholesterol levels 200 mg/dl ( 5.2 mmol/liter). Hypertriglyceridemia Serum triglyceride levels 150 mg/dl ( 1.7 mmol/liter). High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <40 mg/dl (<1.04 mmol/liter) for men and <50 mg/dl (<1.3 mmol/liter) for women. Results Coverage A total of 4295 individuals (Men: 2150; Women: 2147), with mean age: 38.9 ±15 years were covered. Blood pressure measurement was available for 3462, with mean systolic BP: ± 16.9 mmhg; and mean diastolic: 80.5 ±15.1mmHg. Fasting blood sugar was available for 1840 individuals with mean blood sugar ±40.1mg/dL. Mean waist circumference was 81.1± 12.2 and mean hip circumference was 91.6±10. Lipid profile such as serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and cholesterol were available for 570, 319, and 323 subjects (Table 1). Prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factorsby gender The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal and central obesity was 52%, 39% and 70% respectively, while that of hypertension, and diabetes was 22%, and 11% respectively. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, Low HDL and hyper-triglyceridemia was 14%, 87% and 26% respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal and central obesity and dyslipidemia was significantly higher among women as compared to men, while that of hypertension and diabetes was higher among men (Fig. 1 & Fig. 2). Prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors by socio-economic groups The prevalence of overweight/ obesity and abdominal obesity was higher among HIG (63.2% & 46.4% respectively) and MIG (57.3% & 43.3% respectively) and lowest among Slum dwellers (38% & 29.3% respectively). Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly (p<0.01) higher among HIG and MIG group (25% each) and lower among slum dwellers (17.7%). The prevalence of diabetes was significantly (p<0.01) higher among slum dwellers (12.7%) and industrial labours (11.7%) and lower among LIG (10.2%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia i.e. hypercholesterolemia and triglyceridemia was higher among HIG (20% & 39%) and MIG (17% & 26%), as compared to LIG (16% & 21%) (Fig. 3, Table 2).
5 Association of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes with socio-demographic variables The prevalence of overweight/ obesity, and abdominal obesity was significantly (p<0.01) higher among middle aged and elderly, among women, among literate and those engaged in service and business. The prevalence was observed to be significantly (p<0.01) higher among elderly as compared to younger subjects. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was significantly (p<0.01) higher among elderly, among men, among those engaged in service and business (Table 3). Logistic regression analysis for hypertension and diabetes Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was 1.6 times higher among men (CI= ) as compared to women and 7 times (OR 7.3, CI= ) higher among elderly as compared to years subjects (Table 4). Overweight/obesity (BMI 23) had 2.4 times (2.35, CI= ), abdominal obesity had 1.4 times (CI= ), while central obesity had 1.5 times higher risk of hypertension (CI= ). Similarly, the risk of diabetes was 1.8 times higher among men (CI= ) as compared to women and 12 times (OR 12.2, ) higher among elderly as compared to years subjects. The risk of diabetes was significantly lower among HIG (OR: 0.43, ) and MIG (OR: 0.50, ) as compared to slum dwellers. Abdominal obesity had 2.4 times (CI= ) higher risk of diabetes as compared to normal subjects (Table 4). Discussions This is the first study carried out by NIN from 10 major cities of India in different socioeconomic groups. The study revealed that the prevalence of obesity (abdominal and central) as well as hypertension was higher among subjects from HIG and MIG as compared to slum dwellers. Also the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher among men, although prevalence of obesity was higher among women. The study also showed that the risk of hypertension was higher among middle aged and elderly, among men and among obese, while the risk of diabetes was higher among elderly, among men and with abdominal obesity. Study carried out by ICMR in 7 different states in India showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban areas ranged from 11.5% in Mizoram to 30-32% in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. 5 Sen et al reported 33% and 50% prevalence of overweight/obesity among men & women respectively in urban areas of Jalpaiguri, West Bengal. 18. Mungrephy and Kapoor reported 27% prevalence of overweight and obesity among Tangkhul Naga women from North Eastern state 19. ICMR task force study carried out in 7 states observed 16% prevalence of hypertension in Andhra Pradesh, 18% in Maharashtra, 19% in Mizoram & Kerala, 20% in Tamil Nadu, 23% in Uttarakhand and 24% Madhya Pradesh 5. Gupta et al reported the highest prevalence of hypertension (48.2%) in a recent multi-centric study, conducted in the urban population of India 20. Prabhakaran et al in their study among urban population of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh reported 29.3% prevalence of hypertension 21. Chakraborty et al. observed lower prevalence of hypertension (17.6%) among years slum dwellers in Bengalee slum population 22. A study by ICMR conducted in 3 states and 1 union territory (UT) in urban and rural areas, showed that the prevalence
6 of diabetes in adults 20 years was 10.4% in Tamil Nadu, 8.4% in Maharashtra, 5.3% in Jharkhand and 13.6% in Chandigarh 23. Gupta et al reported that the prevalence of diabetes varies from 5.4% in a northern state to a high of % in Chennai, South India, and % in Jaipur, Central India 24. Higher risk of hypertension and diabetes among men, although overweight/ obesity is more among women, is mostly due to greater exposure of other risk factors such as environmental and behavioural risk factors among men. This is attributed to high prevalence of overweight/obesity among HIG and MIG due to sedentary lifestyle, consumption of fatty food and less of physical activity. High prevalence of diabetes among industrial workers and slum dwellers, despite of low prevalence of overweight/ obesity and low fat intake may be attributed to other behavioural risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Joshi et al in their study among urban population reported 19% hypercholesterolemia, 37% hypertriglyceridemia, 73% low HDL-C, and 16% high LDL-C in India 25. Similar findings are also reported by others 26. A study among Asian Indian immigrants in the United States (n = 1038), reported a prevalence of hypercholesterolemia of 43.5%, hypertriglyceridemia of 42.3%, low HDL-C of 26.4% and high LDL-C of 41.4% 27. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was higher among HIG & MIG as compared to other socioeconomic groups. The risk of hypertension was higher among men, among overweight/obese and with abdominal & central obesity, while diabetes was higher among elderly, men, among slum dwellers and with abdominal obesity. There is a urgent need to initiate programmes focussing on lifestyle, and dietary modification to control increasing burden on non-communicable diseases. Limitation We have not assessed the family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Also use of tobacco in any form and alcohol consumption was not assessed. Industrial labour and slum dwellers were not covered in North eastern region as it may not be available. Contribution All the authors were involved in study design, concept and methods. Author 1 prepare manuscript, author 2 carried out statistical analyses, All other critically reviewed the article before final submission. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to Shri P.I. Suvrathan, Chairperson and Shri VN Gaur, CEO, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, for commissioning and financial support. We are also thankful to Dr. VM Katoch, Director General and Secretary, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, for his support and encouragement. We are also thankful to our Ex-Director, Dr Sesikeran, for his valuable support and guidance during the survey. We are thankful to all Regional Coordinators, Project and Technical, Administrative, Secretarial, Supportive staff of FDTRC and Division of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad. We are also thankful to the entire field staff involved in data collection and also the participants involved in this study.
7 References 1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organ 2000, Tech Rep Ser. 894:i-xii, Goenka S, Prabhakaran D, Ajay VS, Reddy KS. Preventing cardiovascular disease in India-translating evidence to action. Current Science. 2009; 97: Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Chaturvedi V, Jeemon P, Thankappan KR, Ramakrishnan L et al. Methods for establishing a surveillance system for cardiovascular diseases in Indian industrial populations. Bull World Health Organ. 2006; 84: World Health Organization. World Health Report. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organ, Geneva, Switzerland, Chapter 4, p-12. Available from: /en/whr02_ch4.pdf. Last accessed April 24, National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). IDSP Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey, Phase-I States of India, National Institute of Medical Statistics and Division of Non- Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India, Midha T, Bhola N, Kumari R, Rao YK, Pandey U. Prevalence of hypertension in India: A meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal. 2013; 26: International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas Sixth edition, Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. "Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030". Diabetes Care. 2004; 27 (5): Rodgers A, Lawes C, MacMahon S. Reducing the global burden of blood pressure- related cardiovascular disease. J Hypertens Suppl. 2000; 18:S Jelliffee DB, Jelliffee EP. Community nutritional assessment. Oxford, Oxford University Press, World Health Organization. Measuring obesity: classification and description of anthropometric data. Copenhagen: WHO (Nutr UD, EUR/ICP/NUT 125). 12. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003; 289: World Health Organization; International Diabetes Federation. Geneva: World Health Organization; Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - WHO Guidelines for measurement of Type 2 diabetes, ICMR, WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body - mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363: World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force. The Asia- Pacific Perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications, National Institute of Health; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Publication No September Sen J, Mondal N, Dutta S. Factors affecting overweight and obesity among urban adults: a cross-sectional study. Epidem Bioststat Public Health. 2013; 10: Mungreiphy NK, Kapoor S. Socioeconomic changes as covariates of overweight and obesity among Tangkhul Naga tribal women of Manipur, north-east India. J Biosoc Sci : Gupta R, Pandey RM, Misra A, Agrawal A, Misra P, Dey S, et al. High prevalence and low awareness, treatment and control of
8 hypertension in Asian Indian women. J Hum Hypertens. 2012; 26: Prabakaran J, Vijayalakshmi N, Ananthaiah Chetty N. Risk Factors of Non- Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Nat J Res Com Med. 2013; 2: Chakraborty R, Bose K, Kozieł S. Waist circumference in determining obesity and hypertension among years old Bengalee Hindu male slum dwellers in Eastern India. Ann Hum Biol. 2011; 38: Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011; 54: Gupta R, Mishra A. Type 2 diabetes in India: regional disparities. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2007; 7: Joshi SR, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Bhansali A, et al. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Urban and Rural India: The ICMR INDIAB Study. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(5): e Sharma U, Kishore J, Garg A, Anand T, Chakraborty M, et al. Dyslipidemia and associated risk factors in a resettlement colony of Delhi. J Clin Lipidol. 2013; 7: Misra R, Patel T, Kotha P, Raji A, Ganda O, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk factors in US Asian Indians: results from a national study. J Diabetes Complications. 2010; 24: Table 1. Mean± standard deviation (SD) of anthropometric & blood pressure measurements, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile Particulars N Mean (SD) Height (9.3) Weight (12.9) BMI (4.5) Waist circumference (18.5) Hip circumference (21.9) BP -Systolic (16.9) BP-Diastolic (15.1) Fasting blood sugar (40.1) Lipid profile Ser. cholesterol (34.4) Ser. Triglycerides (69.2) Ser. HDL (15.3) Ser. VLDL (55.0) BMI-body mass index, BP-blood pressure, HDL-high density lipoproteins, VLDLvery low density lipoproteins.
9 Table 2. Prevalence (%) of overweight/obesity, abdominal and central obesity in urban population in different SES groups-gender wise SES groups HIG MIG LIG IL Slum dwellers Pooled P value Gender Overweight/obesity (BMI 23) n Men Women Pooled Gender Abdominal obesity n Men Women Pooled Central obesity n Men Women Pooled Hypertension n Men Women Pooled Diabetes n Men Women Pooled n Ser cholesterol (mg/dl) < Ser Triglycerides (mg/dl) < Ser HDL (mg/dl) 40/ <40/< HIG-high income group, MIG- middle income group, LIG-low income group, IL-industrial labour, SES-socioeconomic status.
10 Table 3. Association of cardio-metabolic risk factor with socio-demographic variables among urban population Age groups n BMI 23 WC 90/80 WHR 0.9/0.8 HTN DM >= Pooled P value Gender Men Women P value Education Illiterate th class th & above P value NS NS 0.08 Occupation Labour Housewife Service+ others P value NS SES-socioeconomic groups HIG-high income group, MIG- middle income group, LIG-low income group, IL-industrial labour.
11 Table 4. Logistic regression analysis between hypertension & diabetes among study population with socio-demographic factors, BMI and obesity Particulars HTN Diabetes OR 95% CI OR 95% CI Gender Men 1.65*** *** Women Age groups (yrs) *** *** *** *** SES HIG *** MIG ** LIG * Ind Lab Slum CED BMI Normal 1.66* Overweight 2.43*** WC Normal Obese 1.35* *** WHR Normal 1.0 Obese 1.46** BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference, WHR-waist hip ratio, CED-chronic energy deficiency, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, Variables included: Age groups, gender, education, occupation, regions, social group, BMI, WC, WHR, *p<0.05, **P<0.01, ***p<0.001.
12 Figure 1. Prevalence (%) of cardio-metabolic risk factors among urban population-gender wise
13 Figure 2. Prevalence (%) of dyslilidemia among urban population-gender wise
14 Figure 3. Prevalence (%) of cardio-metabolic risk factors among different socio-economic groups in urban population Figure 4. Selected regions, States and cities
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension, among adults residing in an urban area of North India
Available online at www.ijpab.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCE ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 3 (2): 338-344 (2015) Research Article Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension,
More informationPrevalence, awareness of hypertension in rural areas of Kurnool
Original article: Prevalence, awareness of hypertension in rural areas of Kurnool Dr. Sudhakar Babu*, Dr.Aruna MS** *Associate Professor, Dept of Community Medicine, Vishwa Bharathi Medical College Kurnool,
More informationCHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION
CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION 3.1 BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have reached epidemic proportions
More informationThe ICMR INDIAB Study A Compendium of Type 2 Diabetes in India: Lessons Learnt for the Nation
C H A P T E R 241 The ICMR INDIAB Study A Compendium of Type 2 Diabetes in India: Lessons Learnt for the Nation Viswanathan Mohan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Tanvir Kaur,
More informationRisk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, Ananthaiah Chetty N 3
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN - Print: 2277 1522, Online: 2277-3517 Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, Ananthaiah Chetty
More informationIDSP-NCD Risk Factor Survey
Sumary: Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey, 2007-08, Phase-I states of India IDSP-NCD Risk Factor Survey Fact Sheet - India Phase - I States State AP MP MH MZ KE TN UTK Population Household surveyed
More informationPrevalence and Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in An Urban Industrial Population in South India: A Cross- Sectional Study
Original Article Prevalence and Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in An Urban Industrial Population in South India: A Cross- Sectional Study P Kaur*, TV Rao*, S Sankarasubbaiyan**, AM Narayanan***,
More informationPrevalence, Awareness and Control of Hypertension in Chennai - The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES 52)
Original Article# Prevalence, Awareness and Control of Hypertension in Chennai - The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES 52) V Mohan*, M Deepa*, S Farooq*, M Datta**, R Deepa* Abstract Objective
More informationDOI: /HAS/AJHS/11.1/
AJHS Asian Journal of Home Science Volume 11 Issue 1 June, 2016 142-150 DOI: 10.15740/HAS/AJHS/11.1/142-150 e ISSN-0976-8351 Visit us: www.researchjournal.co.in Research Paper Body mass index, waist hip
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Assessment of Susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus among Rural Population using Indian Diabetic
More informationHypertension in the South-East Asia Region: an overview
Hypertension in the South-East Asia Region: an overview Anand Krishnan i, Renu Garg ii and Athula Kahandaliyanage iii Abstract Raised blood pressure or hypertension is the single most important risk factor
More informationPrevalence of Hypertension among Urban Adult Population (25-64 years) of Nellore, India
Original Article www. ijrdh.com ISSN: 2321 1431 Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Adult Population (25-64 years) of Nellore, India COMMUNITY MEDICINE Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, VenkataRao
More informationStudy on occurrence of metabolic syndrome among patients with stroke: a descriptive study
Original article Study on occurrence of metabolic syndrome among patients with stroke: a descriptive study Dr. Mahesh K Savadi*, Dr Manjunatha N** *Assistant Professor, **Post graduate Dept. of General
More informationAssessment of cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, India: a cross sectional study
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Mareeswaran N et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018 Sep;5(9):4098-4102 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original
More informationDiabetes Management and Considerations for the Indian Culture
Diabetes Management and Considerations for the Indian Culture Ramachandra G. Naik, MD Senior Medical Director Worldwide Clinical Affairs Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Solutions Companies September 24, 2015
More informationPhysical activity levels during work, leisure time and transport and its association with obesity in urban slum of Mumbai, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Kadarkar KS et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Mar;3(3):715-720 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Research
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(10):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 10 (2016) pp. 294-300 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.510.033
More informationPrevalance of Lifestyle Associated Risk Factor for Non- Communicable Diseases among Young Male Population in Urban Slum Area At Mayapuri, New Delhi
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 7 Ver. 17 (July. 2018), PP 59-64 www.iosrjournals.org Prevalance of Lifestyle Associated Risk
More informationA Study on Identification of Socioeconomic Variables Associated with Non-Communicable Diseases Among Bangladeshi Adults
American Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018; 4(3): 24-29 http://www.aascit.org/journal/ajbse ISSN: 2381-103X (Print); ISSN: 2381-1048 (Online) A Study on Identification of Socioeconomic
More informationRISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN INDIA AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Health and Population - Perspectives and Issues 37 (1 & 2), 40-49, 2014 RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN INDIA AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FuJun Wang*, V. K. Tiwari** and Hao Wang*** ABSTRACT To identify
More informationPrevalence of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases in a District of Gujarat, India
J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2013 Mar;31(1):78-85 ISSN 1606-0997 $ 5.00+0.20 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases in a District
More informationInternational J. of Healthcare & Biomedical Research, Volume: 1, Issue: 3, April 2013, Pages
Prevalence of hypertension in an urban and rural area of Jaipur District *KAMLESH KUMAR, * R.P. KOTHARI, *KUNAL KOTHARI, *SUMEET GARG, *MANOJ KUMAR KHANDELWAL, **RESHU GUPTA DEPTT.OF MEDICINE* & PHYSIOLOGY**
More informationPrevalence of Hypertension in Semi-Urban area of Nepal
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prevalence of Hypertension in Semi-Urban area of Nepal Koju R*, Manandhar K*, Gurung R*, Pant P*, Bedi TRS* *Department of Internal Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital KUH ABSTRACT Hypertension
More informationPrevalence of Pre-hypertension among the Urban Population of Southern India
ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org Prevalence of Pre-hypertension among the Urban Population of Southern India Ravi M Rajegowda 1, Srinivas Nagaraj 2,
More informationA Simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening for Undiagnosed Diabetic Subjects
Original Article# A Simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening for Undiagnosed Diabetic Subjects V Mohan*, R Deepa*, M Deepa*, S Somannavar*, M Datta** Abstract Aim : The aim of this study was
More informationPrevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors among People Attending an Exhibition
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 3, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 4-51 Prevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors among People Attending
More informationAn epidemiological study of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in a rural community of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Singh MK et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Dec;3(12):3408-3414 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original
More informationIncidence of Overweight and Obesity among Urban and Rural Males of Amritsar
Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Urban and Rural Males of Amritsar Sidhu, S. * and Kumari, K. ** * Department of Human Genetics, Guru anak Dev University, Amritsar (India) ** Department of Physiology,
More informationThe Metabolic Syndrome: Is It A Valid Concept? YES
The Metabolic Syndrome: Is It A Valid Concept? YES Congress on Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Health Boston, MA April 23, 2013 Edward S Horton, MD Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
More informationFigure S1. Comparison of fasting plasma lipoprotein levels between males (n=108) and females (n=130). Box plots represent the quartiles distribution
Figure S1. Comparison of fasting plasma lipoprotein levels between males (n=108) and females (n=130). Box plots represent the quartiles distribution of A: total cholesterol (TC); B: low-density lipoprotein
More informationA study of waist hip ratio in identifying cardiovascular risk factors at Government Dharmapuri College Hospital
Original Research Article A study of waist hip ratio in identifying cardiovascular risk factors at Government Dharmapuri College Hospital M. Arivumani * Assistant Professor of General Medicine, Government
More informationCross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Hypertension in Rural Field Practice area of A Medical College Hyderabad
Original article: Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Hypertension in Rural Field Practice area of A Medical College Hyderabad 1 Dr.M.Sreedhar*, 2 Dr. Hari Krishna B.N 1 Associate Professor, Department
More informationEfficacy of Using Who's Steps Approach to Identify "At Risk" Subjects for Diet Related Non-Communicable Diseases
Article ID: WMC001596 2046-1690 Efficacy of Using Who's Steps Approach to Identify "At Risk" Subjects for Diet Related Non-Communicable Diseases Corresponding Author: Ms. Neha B Kantharia, Doctoral Fellow,
More informationAmong the most common chronic non-communicable
DOI 10. 5001/omj.2013.94 Prevalence and Determinants of Pre-Hypertension among Omani Adults Attending Non-Communicable Disease Screening Program in Primary Care Setting in Sohar City Ali Abdullah Al-Maqbali,
More informationHypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch
Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch Rajeev Gupta 1, * and V. P. Gupta 2 1 Department of Medicine, Fortis-Escorts Hospital, Jaipur 302 017, India 2 Department of Statistics,
More informationPrevalence and correlates of hypertension in the rural community of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
Research Article Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in the rural community of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India Animesh Gupta 1, Krutarth Brahmbhatt 2, Prasanna Kumar Sharma 2, Annasaheb Basappa
More informationHypertension and obesity. Dr Wilson Sugut Moi teaching and referral hospital
Hypertension and obesity Dr Wilson Sugut Moi teaching and referral hospital No conflict of interests to declare Obesity Definition: excessive weight that may impair health BMI Categories Underweight BMI
More information290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4):
290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4): 290-294 Letter to the Editor Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension in the Labor Force Population in China: Results from a Cross-sectional Survey in Xinjiang Uygur
More informationAn evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh.
An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh. Md. Golam Hasnain 1 Monjura Akter 2 1. Research Investigator,
More informationThe changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study
The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 2016 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CVD Collaborators*
More informationTrends In CVD, Related Risk Factors, Prevention and Control In China
Trends In CVD, Related Risk Factors, Prevention and Control In China Youfa Wang, MD, MS, PhD Associate Professor Center for Human Nutrition Department of International Health Department of Epidemiology
More informationScreening of cardiovascular risk factors among, urban, semiurban, and rural residents in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir
Research Article Screening of cardiovascular risk factors among, urban, semiurban, and rural residents in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir Sushil Kumar Sharma 1, Arvind Kohli 2,Vineeta Sawhney 3, Nasir
More informationRisk factor analysis and trends of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects of an industrial population.
Biomedical Research 2010; 21 (4): 371-375 Risk factor analysis and trends of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects of an industrial population. Shonima Venugopal and Uma M Iyer Department of
More informationAn Epidemiological Study of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in Rural Population of Bangalore Rural District
AJMS Al Ameen J Med Sci (2 012 )5 (3 ):2 6 4-2 7 0 (A US National Library of Medicine enlisted journal) I S S N 0 9 7 4-1 1 4 3 C O D E N : A A J M B G ORIGI NAL ARTICLE An Epidemiological Study of Hypertension
More informationRisk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Rural Population in Southern India
ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Rural Population in Southern India Roopa R Mendagudli 1, Manjula R 2,
More informationMetabolic syndrome in adult population of rural Wardha, central India
Indian J Med Res 132, December 2010, pp 701-705 Metabolic syndrome in adult population of rural Wardha, central India Pranita Kamble, Pradeep R. Deshmukh * & Neelam Garg Department of Biochemistry & *
More informationBiomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): LI Jian Hong, WANG Li Min, LI Yi Chong, ZHANG Mei, and WANG Lin Hong #
Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): 205-211 205 Letter to the Editor Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women in China: Surveillance Efforts LI Jian Hong, WANG Li
More informationPrevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka: a national survey
Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka: a national survey Renuka Jayatissa 1, S M Moazzem Hossain
More informationPrevalence of overweight among urban and rural areas of Punjab
Original article : Prevalence of overweight among urban and rural areas of Punjab *Ramandeep Kaur 1, Promila Mehta 2 and Ginjinder Kaur 3 1Department of Human genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab,
More informationAbdominal volume index and conicity index in predicting metabolic abnormalities in young women of different socioeconomic class
Research Article Abdominal volume index and conicity index in predicting metabolic abnormalities in young women of different socioeconomic class Vikram Gowda, Kripa Mariyam Philip Department of Physiology,
More informationOriginal Research Article. ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) DOI: /sajb *Corresponding author Mary kooffreh
DOI: 10.21276/sajb.2016.4.7.3 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2016; 4(7):565-570 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Study on Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes in Urban Area of Mumbai and Its Association with Various
More informationA CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY INDICES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN YOUNG ADULT MEDICAL STUDENTS
Original Article A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY INDICES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN YOUNG ADULT MEDICAL STUDENTS Renu Lohitashwa, Parwati Patil ABSTRACT Overweight
More informationInternational Journal of Nutrition and Agriculture Research
Research Article ISSN: 2393 9540 International Journal of Nutrition and Agriculture Research Journal home page: www.ijnar.com ASSOCIATION OF DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN INDIAN
More informationPlasma fibrinogen level, BMI and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN (Print): 2321-3310; ISSN (Online): 2321-3086 Published by Atom and Cell Publishers All Rights Reserved Available online at: http://www.wjpsonline.org/ Original
More informationABSTRACT. Dr. Nadine Sahyoun, Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition
ABSTRACT Title of Document: COMPARISONS OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO AND BODY MASS INDEX AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN RURAL AND URBAN INDIA. Katherine Shirey, MS Nutrition,
More informationPrevalence of Pre Hypertension Among the Women Aged Years in Coastal and Non Coastal Areas
2016 IJSRST Volume 2 Issue 5 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Prevalence of Pre Hypertension Among the Women Aged 20-60 Years in Coastal and Non Coastal
More informationA COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: INCREASING PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG RURAL ADULT POPULATION OF KARNATAKA, INDIA
Explor. Anim. Med. Res., Vol.3, Issue - 1, 2013, p. 41-47 ISSN 2277-470X (Print), ISSN 2319-247X (Online) Website: www.animalmedicalresearch.org A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: INCREASING PREVALENCE
More informationEFFICACY OF OBESITY INDICES AND AGE IN PREDICTING DIABETES: STUDY ON A TRANSITIONAL TRIBE OF NORTHEAST INDIA
EFFICACY OF OBESITY INDICES AND AGE IN PREDICTING DIABETES: STUDY ON A TRANSITIONAL TRIBE OF NORTHEAST INDIA Objective: To evaluate the association between blood sugar level and obesity, and the interplay
More informationPrevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Registered in Primary Health Care in Bahrain
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Page 1 of 10 Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol.25, No.1, March 2003 Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Registered in Primary
More informationEFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE DIETARY INTAKE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ADULTS IN BAYELSA STATE
EFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE DIETARY INTAKE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ADULTS IN BAYELSA STATE 1 Dr. Olusegun, A. Kuforiji & 2 John Samuel 1 Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa
More informationPrevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people of Asian Indian origin: Age and sex variation
JCDR Original Paper Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people of Asian Indian origin: Age and sex variation Arnab Ghosh, Minakshi Bhagat, Mithun Das 1, Sanjib Kumar Bala, Riddhi Goswami
More informationTotal risk management of Cardiovascular diseases Nobuhiro Yamada
Nobuhiro Yamada The worldwide burden of cardiovascular diseases (WHO) To prevent cardiovascular diseases Beyond LDL Multiple risk factors With common molecular basis The Current Burden of CVD CVD is responsible
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
1 A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIET & LIFE STYLE ON THE INCIDENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN MODERATELY DRINKING EX MILITARY MEN IN PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT
More informationDiabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2
International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-issn: 2320-8163, IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR SELECTED NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG PUBLIC SECTOR OFFICE EMPLOYEES, SRI LANKA. A.K.S.H.
More informationPrevalence of Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among Selected Type 2 Diabetes
Prevalence of Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among Selected Type 2 Diabetes V. Kavitha 1, V. Saradha Ramadas 2 1 Assistant professor, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jamal Mohamed College
More informationObesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asians
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asians Anoop Misra Developing countries, particularly South Asian countries, are witnessing a rapid increase in type 2 diabetes
More informationQR Code for Mobile users
Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension, at Sriganganagar city of Rajasthan India. Sudeep Bhardwaj a, Parveen P Balgir b, Rajesh K Goel* c a: Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.L Bihani S.D College of
More informationSaudi Health Interview Survey Results. in collaboration with
Saudi Health Interview Survey Results in collaboration with 1 Table of contents Background... 6 Survey objectives... 7 Survey operations... 7 Training... 7 Survey implementation... 8 Survey organization...
More informationSCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLLITUS AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLLITUS AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH Manjubhashini S 1, Srinivas PJ 2 1 Department of Community Medicine, Katuri Medical College
More informationModelling Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk among people with Diabetes
Modelling Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk among people with Diabetes Katherine Baldock Catherine Chittleborough Patrick Phillips Anne Taylor August 2007 Acknowledgements This project was made
More informationPercentiles Distribution of CVD Risk Factors in Elderly of Asian Indian Origin: The Santiniketan Longitudinal Study on Aging
Percentiles Distribution of CVD Risk Factors in Elderly of Asian Indian Origin: The Santiniketan Longitudinal Study on Aging Tamashree Dutta 1, Arnab Ghosh 2 Biomedical research Laboratory, Department
More informationDIABETES. A growing problem
DIABETES A growing problem Countries still grappling with infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria now face a double burden of disease Major social and economic change has brought
More informationEpidemiology and regional variations in cardiovascular disease and risk factors in India
Epidemiology and regional variations in cardiovascular disease and risk factors in India Rajeev Gupta, MD Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, JLN Marg, Jaipur, India Abstract Cardiovascular
More informationPrediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal
Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal Koju R, Gurung R, Pant P, Humagain S, Yogol CM, Koju A, Manandhar K, Karmacharya B, Bedi TRS Address for Correspondence:
More informationAwareness of Hypertension, Risk Factors and Complications among Attendants of a Primary Health Care Center In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 6, Issue 1 Ver. VIII (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 16-21 www.iosrjournals.org Awareness of Hypertension, Risk
More informationThe prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study
JCDR Original Article The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study Sushil K. Bansal, Vartika Saxena 1, Sunil D. Kandpal 1,
More informationTable S1. Characteristics associated with frequency of nut consumption (full entire sample; Nn=4,416).
Table S1. Characteristics associated with frequency of nut (full entire sample; Nn=4,416). Daily nut Nn= 212 Weekly nut Nn= 487 Monthly nut Nn= 1,276 Infrequent or never nut Nn= 2,441 Sex; n (%) men 52
More informationOBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE
OBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE Obesity- definition Is a chronic disease In ICD 10 E66 Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is a leading
More informationIt is currently estimated that diabetes prevalence by
clinical Study The Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Rural Based Hospital in Gujarat, India Hetal Pandya*, JD Lakhani**, J Dadhania, A Trivedi Abstract Only proper
More informationSocio-economic & demographic determinants of hypertension & knowledge, practices & risk behaviour of tribals in India
Indian J Med Res 141, May 2015, pp 697-708 Socio-economic & demographic determinants of hypertension & knowledge, practices & risk behaviour of tribals in India A. Laxmaiah, I.I. Meshram, N. Arlappa, N.
More informationMETABOLIC SYNDROME IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS S.M. Sohail Ashraf 1, Faisal Ziauddin 2, Umar Jahangeer 3 ABSTRACT Objective: To find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
More informationEFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY
ORIGINAL ARTICLE. EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY Pragti Chhabra 1, Sunil K Chhabra 2 1 Professor, Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences,
More informationNATIONAL HEART FAILURE REGISTRY - ICC
NATIONAL HEART FAILURE REGISTRY - ICC Heart failure is the commonest cardiac cause for hospitalization. The average life expectancy has increased over the past decade, but still way behind that in the
More informationKnow Your Number Aggregate Report Single Analysis Compared to National Averages
Know Your Number Aggregate Report Single Analysis Compared to National s Client: Study Population: 2242 Population: 3,000 Date Range: 04/20/07-08/08/07 Version of Report: V6.2 Page 2 Study Population Demographics
More informationPrediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: The Hidden Danger
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prediabetes 10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0028 and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: The Hidden Danger 1 Suprava Patel, 2 Rachita Nanda, 3 Jessy
More informationOriginal article: A study on the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a coastal district of Karnataka, South India
Original article: A study on the prevalence of among young adults in a coastal district of Karnataka, South India Reddy VS 1, Jacob GP 2, Ballala K 3, Ravi C 4, Ravi B 5, Gandhi P 6, Tadkal P 7, Singh
More informationA Study to Show Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia as a Risk Factor for Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetis Mellitus
Original Article Print ISSN: 2321-6379 Online ISSN: 2321-595X DOI: 10.17354/ijss/2018/21 A Study to Show Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia as a Risk Factor for Macrovascular Complications in Bingi Srinivas
More informationFrequency of Dyslipidemia and IHD in IGT Patients
Frequency of Dyslipidemia and IHD in IGT Patients *Islam MS, 1 Hossain MZ, 2 Talukder SK, 3 Elahi MM, 4 Mondal RN 5 Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is often associated with macrovascular complications.
More informationIndian J. Prev. Soc. Med. Vol. 45 No. 1-2, 2014
ISSN- 0301-1216 Indian J. Prev. Soc. Med. Vol. 45 No. 1-2, 2014 A CORRELATIVE STUDY ON HYPERTENSION AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN RURAL POPULATION OF TEHRI GARHWAL Praveer Saxena 1, Daya Prakash 2 ABSTRACT
More informationScreening of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on the Basis of IDRS Among Urban Population of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Short Article Screening of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on the Basis of IDRS Among Urban Population of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Jyoti Markam 1 Date of Submission: 21.12.214 Date of Acceptance: 31.12.214 Abstract
More informationObesity Causes Complications and Dietary Weight Loss Strategy
Obesity Causes Complications and Dietary Weight Loss Strategy A Tulasi Latha Department of Home Science, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, AP - 522510, India. ABRTACT Background: Obesity is
More informationImplications of The LookAHEAD Trial: Is Weight Loss Beneficial for Patients with Diabetes?
Implications of The LookAHEAD Trial: Is Weight Loss Beneficial for Patients with Diabetes? Boston, MA November 7, 213 Edward S. Horton, MD Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Senior Investigator
More informationAn Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Stroke Patients Admitted At RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 2 Ver. V (Feb. 2016), PP 93-97 www.iosrjournals.org An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated
More informationNATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING BUREAU IN INDIA AN OVERVIEW G.N.V. Brahmam, Deputy Director, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.
NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING BUREAU IN INDIA AN OVERVIEW G.N.V. Brahmam, Deputy Director, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. Respected Chairpersons and dear friends, I wish you all very good
More information5. Cardiovascular Disease & Stroke
5. Cardiovascular Disease & Stroke 64: Self-Reported Heart Disease 66: Heart Disease Management 68: Heart Disease Mortality 70: Heart Disease Mortality Across Life Span 72: Stroke Mortality 185: Map 3:
More informationJMSCR Vol 05 Issue 04 Page April 2017
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.27 Metabolic Profiles in Abdominal Obesity
More informationW J M A. World Journal of Meta-Analysis. Prevalence of hypertension in India: A meta-analysis. Abstract META-ANALYSIS
W J M A World Journal of Meta-Analysis Online Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/ wjma@wjgnet.com doi:10.13105/wjma.v1.i2.83 World J Meta-Anal 2013 August 26; 1(2): 83-89 ISSN 2308-3840 (online) 2013
More informationStudy of cardiovascular risk factor profile among first-degree relatives of patients with premature coronary artery disease at Kota, Rajasthan, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Mittal D et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Jul;3(7):1894-1899 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Research Article
More informationAppropriate anthropometric indices to identify cardiometabolic risk in South Asians
Original research Appropriate anthropometric indices to identify cardiometabolic risk in South Asians Access this article online Website: www.searo.who.int/ publications/journals/seajph DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.115828
More information