Early marker of CLN2: Is neurophysiology helpful? A. Kaminska, Department of Neurophysiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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1 Early marker of CLN2: Is neurophysiology helpful? A. Kaminska, Department of Neurophysiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France U/CLN2/0142 October 2017
2 Lectures: Biomarin Disclosures
3 14 patients Patients Age at disease onset: 3y (2-3.8) First symptom: Epilepsy (50%), delayed speech: (79%), regression: (14%); balance disorder (14%) Age at diagnosis 4.2 y ( )
4 Intermittent Photic stimulation (IPS) White Light flashes Patient at 30 cm from photic stimulator, look at the lamp Trains of 5 s at (1,2,6,8,10,12, Hz) separated with 7 s of pause Eye closure, eyes closed, eyes open EEG without IPS with eyes open and closed
5 Photoparoxysmal response (PPR) First EEG: 4 years ( ) First IPS : 4 months (0-23) after first EEG. PPR on the first EEG with IPS: 43% (6/14) Delay from first IPS to first PPR=0.1 y ( y PPR during follow-up: 93% (13/14)
6
7 Visual Evoked Potential At 4.5 y ( ) Abnormal 12/14 (86%) Prolonged P100 (14%) Absent waveforms (14%) Giant VEP (57%) present in all patients with early PPR
8 Photoparoxysmal response (PPR) PPR at <3 Hz, time locked (flash-per-flash): 69% (9/13) PPR at medium frequencies (5-20 Hz) IPS: 54 % PPR only at medium IPS frequencies: 23% PPR only at high IPS frequencies (>20 Hz): 15%
9 Time-locked «flash per flash» PPR at 1 Hz IPS in 3 y old boy with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
10 PPR = entrainment to IPS IPS in healthy 4 y old boy Necker Hospital, Paris
11 PPR = entrainment to IPS IPS in healthy 6 y old girl Necker Hospital, Paris
12 PPR = entrainment to IPS IPS in healthy 6 y old girl Necker Hospital, Paris
13 Other EEG features Background activity at first examination: Normal:46% Slow and/or poorly organized, asymmetric (54%), rare spindles Epileptiform abnormalities: Focal (77%),Temporal bilateral (54%) Diffuse (15%) Worsening with age: Slower, low voltage, poorly organized, monomorphic Slow focal abnormalities (71%), epileptiform discharges (29%) Diffuse abnormalities (64%) Electroclinical response at IPS with myoclonic jerks (57%)
14 Cheyenne Développement normal jusqu à l âge de 3 ans Début à 3 ans une crise hémi corporelle 3-4 minutes, récidive un mois plus tard, myoclonies responsables de chutes. Ralentissement psychomoteur, persistance de crises Examen à 4 ans : Myoclonies erratiques et massives, myoclonies d intention. Ataxie, syndrome pyramidal. Stagnation psychomotrice. 1 er EEG à Necker à L âge de 4 ans Diagnostic de CLN2 à 5 ans
15 Cheyenne.. 3 ans 10 mois 150µV 1s
16 Cheyenne 3 ans 10 mois
17 Cheyenne 3 ans 10 mois
18 Cheyenne 3 ans 10 mois
19 Cheyenne 3 ans 10 mois
20 Background anomalies in sleep, multifocal spikes and myoclonus The present video is owned by the speaker and is presented under her responsibility. Prior permission was received from the patient or family. The video is not shared with any ther party. Taking pictures is prohibited 4 y old girl with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
21 Cheyenne 4 ans 8 mois
22 Time-locked «flash per flash» PPR at 1 Hz IPS in 4 y old girl with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
23 Myoclonic status epilepticus EEG in awakening in 4 y old girl with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
24 Myoclonic status epilepticus The present video is owned by the speaker and is presented under her responsibility. Prior permission was received from the patient or family. The video is not shared with any ther party. Taking pictures is prohibited 4 y old girl with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
25 Electroclinical response at IPS at 1 Hz The present video is owned by the speaker and is presented under her responsibility. Prior permission was received from the patient or family. The video is not shared with any ther party. Taking pictures is prohibited IPS in 8 old boy with CLN2, Necker Hospital, Paris
26 15 patients First EEG: 4 years (2-15) Total : 35 EEG, (8 without IPS) Photoparoxysmal response (PPR) On the first EEG = 50% (7/14) At low frequencies: 4/7 Time locked: 4/7 At > 4 Hz: 3/7 Bursts of GSW: 5/7
27 Photoparoxysmal response (PPR) PPR on at last one EEG during F-U=60% (9/15), (n=35 EEG) In 9/10 patients at 3-5 years In 7/9 on the initial EEG bi-occipital (63%) > GSW at slow frequencies at onset of IPS (88%) at 1-3 Hz (76%) «Sentinel» discharge (30%)
28 Time-locked PPR at <3 Hz
29 Sentinel discharge
30
31 CAE=18% JME=50-90% JAE=8% Jeavons Sd=>90% BME=10% Dravet syndrome=30-50% MAE=11%
32 PPR in «genetic» Generalized Epilepsy IPS in 10 old girl with JME, Necker Hospital, Paris
33 PPR in Childhood absence epilepsy IPS in 10y old boy with CAE, Necker Hospital, Paris
34 Electroclinical response at IPS in JME The present video is owned by the speaker and is presented under her responsibility. Prior permission was received from the patient or family. The video is not shared with any ther party. Taking pictures is prohibited IPS in 18 y old girl with JME, Necker Hospital, Paris
35 Conclusion (1) PPR on the first EEG in CLN2 : about 50 % Increase up to 90 % in the following year Peculiar features: Time-locked, at <3 Hz, (non specific of CLN2 ; Merrf, Lafora disease, Gaucher..) PPR>5 Hz exclusive is possible Other EEG features are helpful (background activity)
36 Time-locked «flash per flash» PPR at 1 Hz IPS in 5 y girl with MERRF disease, Necker Hospital, Paris
37 Conclusion (2) use EEG recommendations EEG should systematically include IPS with low frequencies (starting at Hz). Standardized and correctly conduced technique of IPS Obtain sleep during EEG recordings in <5 y child.
38 Conclusion (3) IPS at slow frequencies should be performed at the first EEG in the context of beginning myoclonic epilepsy +/- Speech delay +/- balance disorders/ cognitive regression +/- MRI abnormalities Increase the duration of IPS at slow frequencies to 1-2 minutes
39 Conclusion (4) If clinical context of CLN2 VEP, SSEP VEP: increased latency, decreased amplitude, giant SSEP ERG Latency, amplitude
40 DISCUSSION
41 Differential diagnosis :Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy 3 y old girl with MEI, Necker Hospital, Paris
42 Differential diagnosis: epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures, Myoclonic Status epilepticus EEG in awakening in 7 y old girl with MAE, Necker Hospital, Paris
43 Differential diagnosis: epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures Status epilepticus in 4 year old boy, Necker Hospital, Paris
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