Management of postpneumonic empyemas in children
|
|
- Alexina Bishop
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) Management of postpneumonic empyemas in children Cemal Ozcelik a, *, Refik Ülkü a, Serdar Onat a, Zerrin Ozcelik b, Ilhan Inci c, Omer Satici d a Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey b Department of Pharmacology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey c Department of Thoracic Surgery, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey d Department of Biostatistics, Dicle University School Of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey Received 29 June 2003; received in revised form 9 December 2003; accepted 18 December 2003 Abstract Objectives: Despite continued improvement in medical therapy, pediatric empyema remains a challenging problem for the surgeon. Multiple treatment options are available; however, the optimal therapeutic management has not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to assess different treatment options in the management of postpneumonic pediatric empyemas. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of pediatric patients admitted to Dicle University School of Medicine Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department between 1990 and 2002, with the diagnosis of empyema. Data tabulated included patient demographics, presentation, treatment and outcome. Results: There were 515 children (289 boys and 226 girls) with a mean age of 4.7 ranging from 18 days to 15 years. Empyema was secondary to pneumonia in all children. The most common radiologic finding was pleural effusion in 285 patients (55.32%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently encountered organism and found in 105 patients (20.38%). Pleural fluid cultures were negative in 195 patients (37.86%). In addition to antibiotic therapy, initial treatment included serial thoracenthesis ðn ¼ 29Þ; chest tube drainage alone ðn ¼ 214Þ; chest tube drainage with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy ðn ¼ 72Þ; chest tube drainage with primary operation ðn ¼ 191Þ; and primary operation without chest tube drainage ðn ¼ 9Þ: Overall response rate with fibrinolytic treatment (complete and partial response) was obtained in 58 patients. In addition to decortication pulmonary resections were performed in 12 patients. Overall mortality rate was 1.55%. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative morbidity included wound infection in 21, delayed expansion in 8, and atelectasis in 35 patients. Conclusions: Multiple therapeutic options are available for the management of pediatric empyema. Depending on stages, every option has a role in the treatment of postpneumonic pediatric empyema. In the absence of bronchopleural fistula, intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment should be tried in all patients with multiloculations in stage II empyema. In the absence of pneumonia, decortication for empyema is a safe approach with low mortality and morbidity rates. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Empyema; Fibrinolytic treatment; Decortication; Postpneumonic 1. Introduction Low socioeconomic status, inappropriate antibiotic use, malnutrition, and delay in seeking treatment are contributing factors to the development of empyema in patients with pneumonia [1]. In cases of bacterial pneumonia, pleural effusion can be frequently seen with an incidence of 40% [2]. Although most of parapneumonic effusions can be treated with only the administration of the appropriate antibiotics for the underlying pneumonia, some of them will progress into a complicated parapneumonic effusion or into * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ ; fax: þ address: cozcelik@dicle.edu.tr (C. Ozcelik). a frank empyema [2,3]. When a parapneumonic effusion reaches a complicated one or a frank empyema, controversies begin about the treatment modalities [4,5]. Treatment of empyema is based on early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic treatment, and prompt drainage of the pleural space [6]. Complete drainage is crucial to controlling pleural sepsis, restoring pulmonary function, and preventing pulmonary fibrosis with entrapment. Available treatment options include tube thoracostomy, image-directed pleural catheters, intrapleural fibrinolytics, thoracoscopic drainage, and thoracotomy with decortication. Success rates with these treatment regimens have been highly variable, most likely related to the stage of empyema at presentation [6 8]. Multiloculated empyemas in the fibrinopurulent stage may /$ - see front matter q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi: /j.ejcts
2 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) be resistant to catheter or tube drainage and represent difficult management problems [8]. Delays in accurate diagnosis and, thus, effective management, can prolong the patient s illness and result in the need for extensive surgical interventions [9]. As a result, the optimal therapeutic approach to complicated empyema has yet to be defined, and most likely depends on accurate staging of the pleural disease [10]. The aim of this study is to assess different treatment options in the management of postpneumonic pediatric empyemas. 2. Materials and methods Hospital records of 515 patients who were treated for postpneumonic empyema were retrospectively reviewed at Dicle University Research Hospital Thoracic Surgery Department between January 1990 and December Children who had an empyema that was associated with trauma, tuberculous empyema, hydatid disease, or foreign body retention were excluded from the study. Videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was not used in any of the patients. Diagnosis of pneumonia and empyema was established based on a combination of physical examination, chest X-rays, and pleural fluid chemical and culture analysis. The diagnosis of empyema required one of the following criteria: (1) grossly purulent pleural fluid documented by thoracentesis, (2) positive Gram stain, (3) pleural fluid glucose level less than 50 mg/dl, (4) pleural fluid level ph below 7.00, (5) pleural fluid lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level above 1000 IU/l [2]. An ultrasonography or computed tomography of the chest was obtained both to differentiate pleural complications from an intraparenchymal process, to determine the best site for thoracentesis or the insertion of a thoracostomy tube when pleural effusions were difficult to access, and to detect loculations. Initially all patients were treated with broadspectrum antibiotics and later with more sensitive drugs. In uncomplicated parapneumonic effusions, intermittent therapeutic thoracentesis combined with the use of appropriate antibiotic therapy was used (Fig. 1) Tube thoracostomy indications In complicated parapneumonic effusions and in grossly purulent pleural fluid, closed-tube thoracostomy was performed immediately. In patients without bronchopleural fistula, pleural lavage with povidone-iodinated serum physiologic fluid via the chest tube was carried out immediately. In patients with inadequate drainage thoracic ultrasonograms and/or CT were obtained for the presence and sites of the loculations. In these patients, second chest tube, whenever necessary, was inserted to obtain an adequate drainage before When a complete drainage was obtained, the chest tube was removed and the patient was discharged from the hospital after a control chest X-ray obtained the following day Intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment (IPFT) Since 1994, we started using intrapleural streptokinase in patients with an inadequate drainage following chest tube insertion. The criteria we use is as follows: (1) poor drainage despite an appropriately positioned, patent chest tube; (2) multiple loculi as depicted by septations on CT scan, or ultrasonography; or (3) presumed multiloculations as indicated by the initial drainage of a volume of fluid less than expected by imaging studies. The chest tube was clamped and streptokinase 2500 units/ml, or urokinase 1000 units/ml was instilled into the tube of the patients. Tubes remained clamped for a period of 4 h. After unclamping, tubes were placed back on suction and drainage was recorded daily. During this period, clinical course was evaluated by monitoring for fever, chest tube drainage, WBC counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and daily chest radiograms. Coagulation parameters and hematocrit levels were routinely monitored. Patients were also observed for signs of anaphylaxis, respiratory decompensation, chest pain and bleeding. In patients without clinical and radiological improvement, or no increase in pleural fluid drainage, or in whom allergic reaction developed, fibrinolytic treatment was discontinued. In those patients clinical judgment was made according to CT scan of the chest. In patients successfully treated with fibrinolytic agents, chest tubes were removed. Complete response was defined as resolution of symptoms and signs of infection with complete drainage of fluid and no residual space radiographically. Partial responders had resolution clinical symptoms and signs with minimal residual space radiographically. Failure was defined as incomplete drainage of fluid or no decrease in cavity size despite complete drainage. Thoracoscopic debridement was not performed due to lack of technical facilities Timing and indication of decortication Patients whose conditions did not improve clinically with i.v. antibiotics and closed-tube thoracostomy drainage or intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy were considered for decortication. In those in whom initial thoracentesis was negative or minimal on admission, primary decortication without trying chest tube drainage was carried out if radiological investigation revealed solidified pleural material and significant compression of the lung. In all cases, decortication was performed via lateral thoracotomy incision with sparing of both the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles. The pleural space was entered through the fifth intercostal space. Rib resection was not performed to gain exposure. The intrapleural gelatinous debris and fibrin mass were evacuated. There was inclination for the lung to
3 1074 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) Fig. 1. Management of childhood empyema. reexpand without formal decortication. Therefore, the fibrinous peel on the surface of the visceral and parietal pleura was carefully removed. After mobilizing the lung, a plane of cleavage between the visceral pleura and the peel could usually be initially started on the surface of the lobes avoiding the interlobar fissure. Patients could be categorized into five initial treatment groups: Group I: thoracentesis alone, Group II: chest tube drainage alone Group III: chest tube drainage with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy Group IV: chest tube drainage with primary operative management Group V: primary operative management without chest tube drainage. Student s t-test was used for statistical evaluation. P-value less than 0.05 was accepted as significant statistically. Patients were regularly seen in the policlinic 10 days, 1 and 3 months after discharge. Mean long-term follow-up was 3.8 years (6 months to 13 years).
4 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) Table 1 Chest X-ray findings on admission Tension pneumothorax 35 (6.79) Total opacification 118 (22.91) Pleural effusion 285 (55.33) Hydropneumothorax 51 (9.90) Bilateral pleural effusion þ pneumonia 26 (5.04) Total 515 (100) 3. Results There were 515 children (289 boys and 226 girls) with a mean age of 4.7 ranging from 18 days to 15 years. All patients underwent plain chest radiography and 87 had computed chest tomography, and 40 had chest ultrasonography before initial thoracentesis. Radiological findings at the time of admission are shown in Table 1. Pleural fluid culture results are shown in Table 2. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative microorganism (20.38%), whereas pleural fluid culture was negative in 195 cases (37.86%). Of 61 patients with bronchopleural fistula, 48 underwent thoracotomy (78.68%) Treatment of empyema Group I This group was consistent with stage I empyema. All 29 patients were treated with appropriate intravenous antibiotics and serial thoracentesis Group II This group was consistent with stage II empyema. Two hundred and fourteen patients were treated with closed chest tube drainage and pleural irrigation. Before fibrinolytic use, there were 155 children with empyema. Seventy-one (45%) were treated with closed-tube thoracostomy, 84 (55%) underwent decortication. The use of intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment (IPFT) decreased decortication rates in patients with stage II multiloculations. Table 2 Pleural fluid cultures of the patients Pseudomonas 59 (11.45) Staphylococcus aureus 105 (20.38) Escherichia coli 53 (10.29) Proteus 29 (5.63) Streptococcus pneumonia 26 (5.04) Pneumococcus 48 (9.32) No growth 195 (37.86) Total 515 (100) (%) (%) Group III This group was consistent with stage II empyema. Urokinase treatment was received by 13 patients because it was not always available although we preferred it as the fibrinolytic agent. Fifty-nine patients received streptokinase. All patients, excluding eight, had an increase in chest tube drainage within 24 h following instillation of fibrinolytic agent, with volume of drainage considerably greater than instilled. Most of the improved drainage was within 48 h. Total drainage prior to fibrinolytic treatment was ^ 478 ml. Total net drainage after fibrinolytic treatment was ^ ml. The rate of drainage after fibrinolytic treatment was 73.77%. Length of fibrinolytic treatment was 4.73 days (range 2 10). Two patients reported transient pain during streptokinase therapy that was easily controlled with oral acetaminophen. None of the other patients developed fever, bleeding or any allergic reactions. The coagulation parameters of all our patients remained within normal limits before and after fibrinolytic therapy. Complete response was obtained in 43. Partial response was obtained in 15. In these patients, weekly follow-up was done and follow-up showed that pleural pouch disappeared and the lungs were reexpanded at the end of the second week. There were 14 failures (19.44%). In one patient treated with streptokinase, IPFT was discontinued because of hemorrhage. Drainage was hemorrhagic on the third day of treatment. That case was in septic condition, and pneumonia was persisting. He died one day after cessation of IPFT. Another child died because of food aspiration during IPFT. In one patient, a bronchopleural fistula developed on the eighth day of IPFT and treatment was stopped. Large pleural pouch was present in seven patients and incomplete drainage remained in five patients and they underwent decortication Group IV This group was consistent with stage III empyema. After chest tube drainage, 191 patients underwent decortication. All had either incomplete drainage or trapped lung on computed chest tomography. In addition to decortication, we performed bilobectomy superior in one, lobectomy in five, wedge resection in five, and segmentectomy in one patient. In one of the patients who underwent lobectomy, the lack of expansion continued and on the 17th postoperative day she underwent Sawamura thoracoplasty [11]. In a patient in whom we performed decortication although the lung was fully hepatized we avoided pneumonectomy. In the postoperative period, antibiotic treatment and repeated bronchoscopic aspirations were of no benefit. Pulmonary perfusion scintigram showed no perfusion in the left lung and he underwent left pneumonectomy on the 84th postoperative day, and was discharged from the hospital 10 days later. He was admitted to the hospital again because of his septic clinical picture due to right-sided pneumonia on the eighth day of his
5 1076 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) discharge from the hospital. He was connected to the mechanical ventilation. On the seventh day he died of sepsis Group V This group was consistent with stage III empyema. In nine patients initial thoracentesis was negative or minimal. In these patients we performed decortication as the initial treatment without performing closed-tube thoracostomy after radiological investigation. Treatment groups were classified according to duration of symptoms, duration of chest tube, and length of hospital stay (Table 3). Patients successfully treated with antibiotic and serial thoracentesis alone had a shorter duration of symptoms prior to treatment (10.4 versus 14.4 days in group II, 16.8 days in group III, 19.4 days in group IV, and 19.6 days in group V, P, 0:05; P, 0:003; P, 0:0001; and P, 0:002; respectively, Student s t-test). Also, the comparison of group II and group IV was significant statistically, in favor of group II ðp, 0:0001Þ: According to the duration of chest tube, the comparison of group II and group IV, and the comparison of group III and group IV were significant statistically, in favor of group IV ðp, 0:000Þ: According to the length of hospital stay, comparison of groups I and II, I and III, and I and IV were significant in favor of group I, respectively (P, 0:001; P, 0:007; and P, 0:000). In addition, comparison of group IV and group V was significant in favor of group V ðp, 0:001Þ: 3.2. Morbidity and mortality Eight patients (1.55%) died during the treatment. In five of these patients, there was congestive heart failure and pneumonia at the time of admittance. One patient died because of congestive heart failure and bilateral bronchopneumonia on the fifth and the other died because of congestive heart failure and pneumonia on the seventh day of hospitalization. In one patient with fibrinopurulent phase empyema, intrapleural streptokinase treatment was discontinued because of hemorrhagic drainage. This patient died 1 day later in septic condition. Another patient in chronic Table 3 Comparison of treatment modalities according to duration of symptoms, duration of chest tube, and length of hospital stays Groups Duration of symptoms (day) Duration of chest tube (day) Length of hospital stay (day) Group I ðn ¼ 29Þ 10.4 ^ ^ 6.57 Group II ðn ¼ 214Þ ^ ^ ^ Group III ðn ¼ 72Þ ^ ^ ^ Group IV ðn ¼ 191Þ ^ ^ ^ 5.67 Group V ðn ¼ 9Þ ^ ^ 1.50 phase with fibrinolytic treatment failure died because of food aspiration prior to decortication. Postoperative complications consisted of incisional infection in 21 patients, atelectasis in 35. Wound infection was manifested by seropurulent fluid. Complete resolution was achieved by antibiotics according to culture (Staphylococcus aureus) and dressing twice a day. Atelectasis was treated with respiratory exercise, nasotracheal aspiration, and bronchoscopic aspiration (27 patients). Delayed expansion lasting more than 10 days occurred in eight patients. All required an additional closed-tube thoracostomy. One of these underwent modified Sawamura thoracoplasty and one underwent pneumonectomy. In the group IV only one patient who underwent late left pneumonectomy had been admitted with septic clinical picture due to right-sided pneumonia and died as he did not respond to the intensive treatment. 4. Discussion Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of thoracic empyema in the pediatric age group. Pleural effusion during the course of nonspecific bacterial pneumonia progresses to empyema for several reasons including malnutrition, immunodeficiency, irregular antibiotic treatment, delay in diagnosis of pneumonia, contamination during thoracentesis, the tendency for antibiotic treatment in the acute phase in pediatric clinics, and disappearance of the signs and symptoms of pneumonia [1]. The high incidence in 0 3 year age group might be explained by low standards of childcare in overcrowded families. The incidence in this age group correlated with published data [12]. The finding that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infective agent agrees with other reports [1,13]. As outlined by Mayo [14], the goals of treatment in patients with pediatric empyema are to (1) save life, (2) eliminate the empyema, (3) reexpand the trapped lung, (4) restore mobility of the chest wall and diaphragm, (5) return respiratory function to normal, (6) eliminate complications or chronicity, and (7) reduce the duration of hospital stay. The pursuit of these goals has led to the development of multiple therapeutic options in addition to potent antibiotics for these challenging problems. These options include repeated thoracentesis, closed-tube thoracostomy, image-directed intrapleural catheter drainage, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy, VATS decortication and thoracotomy with decortication. Unfortunately, results with these treatment regimens have been highly variable. As a result, the optimum therapeutic strategy for empyema has yet to be elucidated. Moreover, the availability of nonoperative alternatives frequently results in delayed surgical consultation, and ultimately, increased patient morbidity and mortality [1,9,15]. In large part, the variable success observed with different therapeutic strategies is related to the stage of the empyema
6 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) at the time of treatment [6]. There are generally accepted to be three stages of empyema [16]. Stage I, also called the exudative phase, represents the fluid stage of empyema that usually responds nicely to thoracentesis or chest tube drainage alone. In stage II, the fibrinopurulent stage, the previously sterile pleural effusion becomes infected with accumulation of polymorphonuclear cells and debris. The fluid is more viscous and fibrin deposition may lead to multiple loculations. The net effect is to make drainage more difficult; however, empyema in the fibrinopurulent stage may still be amenable to chest tube drainage. The transition from stage I to II may occur quickly, often within h. Stage III empyema (organizing empyema) is chronic and characterized by a thick, inelastic pleural peel that traps and compresses the lung. Determination of the stage of the empyema has been reported to be crucial in choosing an appropriate therapeutic option [9]. Duration of symptoms has been suggested as one means of estimating the stage of the empyema [9]. However, an empyema can progress to organization within 1 week of onset. Moreover, not all patients progress through these stages in sequential fashion [17]. In complicated parapneumonic effusion, both serial thoracentesis and chest tube drainage can be advocated as a first-line therapy. There have been some reports of the effectiveness of this procedure after early diagnosis [5,18]. Tube drainage is recommended in children because of its reliability, rather than multiple thoracentesis [7]. Pleural lavage via the chest tube is useful for augmenting drainage and mechanical clearance and various antimicrobial agents can be added to the washing fluid [1,5]. We use pleural lavage via the chest tube in the absence of bronchopleural fistula. LeMense et al. [6] have suggested that this decreases the severity of pleural sepsis while instituting further therapy. It is possible that multiple loculations are actually communicating and can be drained with a single chest tube. Because of the low reported success rate of tube thoracostomy for loculated empyema, alternative approaches have been developed. Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents have been used in the treatment of thoracic empyema since the 1950s [19]. Several reports have documented successful drainage of multiloculated empyema using SK and UK administrated through a single chest tube [7,20]. In the recent reported series on IPFT, the success rates average % [20 22]. Temes [21] performed IPFT in all 26 patients who had been sent for decortication. There was a trend toward significance in the duration of empyema prior to treatment, with nonresponders having longer durations (mean 4.50 ^ 3.25 versus 2.15 ^ 1.86 weeks; P ¼ 0:088). In his study, the CR rate was 62%, the PR 8%, and the NR 31%. Thus, more than two-thirds of patients with traditional indication for decortication for empyema thoracis were treated successfully with IPFT and without thoracotomy. Robinson et al. described 13 patients treated with intrapleural streptokinase or urokinase instillations [7]. They reported 77% success rate and no treatment-related morbidity or mortality. Thompson et al. reported 60 children either receiving intrapleural urokinase or saline. In this randomized study, the primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. They stated that treatment with urokinase resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay [23]. In the present study, response rates with fibrinolytic agent was concordant with those rates reported in literature. Thoracoscopic debridement of empyema is advocated in the management of empyema, especially in the presence of loculations [8,24,25]. Thoracoscopic debridement and irrigation is reported to be used as a first-line treatment in empyema thoracis which is thought to be safe and atraumatic [24]. The authors advocate that this technique is well tolerated and produces rapid drainage of pus with resolution of pyrexia and associated toxemia. They also add that if the operation fails it does not exclude the use of further surgical measures. Mackinlay et al. reported 31 patients in fibrinopurulent phase treated with VATS and compared this group with 33 patients treated by formal thoracotomy [25]. They stated that VATS treatment had the same success rate as open thoracotomy but offered substantial advantages over thoracotomy in terms of resolution of the disease, hospital stay, and cosmesis. Tonz et al. reported with their limited experience that VATS adds little benefit to the treatment of childhood empyema [26]. In our center VATS is not available for pediatric patients but we think that loculated pediatric pleural empyemas may be treated by VATS, but it requires general anesthesia which may be a major drawback of the procedure. We do not have any experience about it. The presence of a thick rind with trapped lung is an indication for operation and decortication [1,5,6]. The inability to evacuate fibrinous debris via chest tube is also an indication for decortication. Decortication should be performed as soon as possible if drainage is not effective. It may be an initial treatment instead of wasting time by performing tube thoracostomy and all our patients in group V were benefited from surgical intervention. When the patient s status is suitable for surgery, we recommend this approach because of the decrease in mortality and morbidity, reduction of hospital stay, and discharge of the patient without an open wound. Decortication has few morbidity and mortality rates. Postoperative complications such as atelectasis and delayed expansion are mainly from parenchymal disease. In conclusion, the optimum management of complicated thoracic empyema remains to be clarified. Multiloculated empyema does not appear to preclude an initial trial of chest tube drainage or intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy. In the absence of bronchopleural fistula, IPFT should be tried in all cases of fibrinopurulent phase empyema not responding to closed chest tube drainage. This type of treatment increases the success of conservative treatment. In the absence of pneumonia, decortication for empyema is a safe approach with low mortality and morbidity.
7 1078 C. Ozcelik et al. / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) The best treatment order is serial thoracentesis or chest tube drainage in complicated parapneumonic effusion and fibrinopurulent phase. The next step is intrapleural fibrinolytic instillation followed by VATS debridement. Decortication is the last option. Acknowledgements This study was carried out in Dicle University School of Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Department, Diyarbakir, Turkey. References [1] Cekirdekci A, Köksel O, Göncü T, Burma O, Rahman A, Uyar IS, Ayan E, Uysal A. Management of parapneumonic empyema in children. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2000;8: [2] Light RW, Girard WM, Jenkinson SG, George RB. Parapneumonic effusions. Am J Med 1980;69: [3] Himelmann RB, Callen PW. The prognostic value of loculations in parapneumonic pleural effusions. Chest 1986;90: [4] McLaughin FJ, Goldman DA, Rosenbaum DM, Harris GBC, Schuster SR, Strieder DJ. Empyema in children: clinical course and long-term follow-up. Pediatrics 1984;73: [5] Solak H, Yüksek T, Solak N. Methods of treatment of childhood empyema in a Turkish University Hospital. Chest 1987;92(3): [6] LeMense GP, Strange C, Sahn SA. Empyema thoracis. Therapeutic management and outcome. Chest 1995;107: [7] Robinson LA, Moulton AL, Fleming WH, Alonso A, Galbraith A. Intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment of multiloculated thoracic empyemas. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57: [8] Landreneau RJ, Keenan RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, Naunheim KS. Thoracoscopy for empyema and hemothorax. Chest 1996;109: [9] Cham CW, Haq SM, Rahamim J. Empyema thoracis: a problem with late referral? Thorax 1993;48: [10] de Souza A, Offner PJ, Moore EE, Biffl WL, Haenel JB, Franciose RJ, Burch JM. Optimal management of complicated empyema. Am J Surg 2000;180(6): [11] Iioka S, Sawamura K, Mori T, Iuchi K, Nakamura K, Monden Y, Kawashima Y. Surgical treatment of chronic empyema: a new onestage operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;90: [12] Mangete EDO, Kombo BB, Legg-Jack TE. Thoracic empyema: a study of 56 patients. Arch Dis Child 1993;69: [13] Fontanel AL, McCauley RGK, Coyette Y, Larghiver F, Bennish ML. Incidence, management and outcome of childhood empyema: a prospective study of children in Cambodian refugee camps. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;49: [14] Mayo P, Saha SP, McElvein RB. Acute empyema in children treated by open thoracotomy and decortication. Ann Thorac Surg 1982;34: [15] Light RW. Management of parapneumonic effusions. Chest 1991; 100(4): [16] Andrews NC, Parker EF, Shaw RR, Wilson NJ, Webb WR. American Thoracic Society: management of non-tuberculous empyema. Am Rev Respir Dis 1962;85: [17] Light RW. A new classification of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Chest 1995;108: [18] Lewis KY, Bukstein DA. Parapneumonic empyema in children: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 1992;46: [19] Tillett WS, Sherry S, Read CT. The use of streptokinase streptodornase in the treatment of chronic empyema. J Thorac Surg 1951;21: [20] Jerges-Sanchez C, Ramirez-Rivera A, Elizalde JJ, Delgado R, Cicero R, Iberra-Perez C, Arroliga AC, Padua A, Portales A, Villarreal A, Perez-Romo A. Intrapleural fibrinolysis with streptokinase as anadjunctive treatment in hemothorax and empyema. A multicenter trial. Chest 1996;109: [21] Temes RT, Follis F, Kessler RM, Pett Jr. SB, Wernly JA. Intrapleural fibrinolytics in management of empyema thoracis. Chest 1996;110: [22] Bergh NP, Ekroth R, Larsson S, Nagy P. Intrapleural streptokinase in the treatment of hemothorax and empyema. Scand J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1977;11: [23] Thompson AH, Hull J, Kumar MR, Wallis C, Balfour Lynn IM. Randomised trial of intrapleural urokinase in the treatment of childhood empyema. Thorax 2002;57: [24] Ridley PD, Braimbridge MV. Thoracoscopic debridement and pleural irrigation in the management of empyema thoracis. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51: [25] Mackinlay TAA, Lyons GA, Chimondeguy DJ, Piedras MAB, Angaramo G, Emery J. VATS debridement versus thoracotomy in the treatment of loculated postpneumonia empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61: [26] Tonz M, Ris HB, Casaulta C, Kaiser G. Is there a place for thoracoscopic debridement in the treatment of empyema in children? Eur J Pediatr Surg 2000;10:88 91.
Alper Toker, MD. VATS decortication. Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School Department of Thoracic Surgery
VATS decortication Alper Toker, MD Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School Department of Thoracic Surgery Pleural space infection is a common pathology causing morbidity and mortality. It is a collection
More informationKathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 4, Issue 20,
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 4, Issue 20, 521-525 Empyema thoracis Original Article Singh DR 1, Joshi MR 2, Thapa P 2, Nath S 3 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Lecturer, 3 Professor,
More informationModern Approaches to Empyema
Modern Approaches to Empyema Amit Bhargava, MD Attending Thoracic Surgeon Assistant Professor Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 1 Principles of Treatment Adequate drainage Sterilization
More informationPosttraumatic Empyema Thoracis
Posttraumatic Empyema Thoracis Dr AG Jacobs STEVE BIKO ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA EMPYEMA THORACIS Derived from Greek word empyein Means pus-producing Refers to accumulation of pus within
More informationThoracoscopic Management of Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions in Young Children. Saeed Al Hindi, MD, CABS, FRCSI*
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 4, December 2009 Thoracoscopic Management of Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions in Young Children Saeed Al Hindi, MD, CABS, FRCSI* Objective: To evaluate the role
More informationVIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PLEURAL EMPYEMA: STAGE-BASED MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME
VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PLEURAL EMPYEMA: STAGE-BASED MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME Paolo Claudio Cassina, MD a Markus Hauser, MD, FCCP b Ludger Hillejan, MD a Dieter Greschuchna, MD a
More informationTable 2: Outcomes measured. Table 1: Intrapleural alteplase instillation therapy protocol
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Intrapleural F brinolytic Therapy with Alteplase in Empyema Thoracis in Children conducted in the Department of Pediatric critical care and Pulmonology unit at our institution
More informationBacterial pneumonia with associated pleural empyema pleural effusion
EMPYEMA Synonyms : - Parapneumonic effusion - Empyema thoracis - Bacterial pneumonia - Pleural empyema, pleural effusion - Lung abscess - Complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPE) 1 Bacterial pneumonia
More informationEMPYEMA. Catheter Based Treatment vs. VATS. UCHSC Department of Surgery Grand Rounds August 27 th, Jeremy Hedges, M.D.
EMPYEMA Catheter Based Treatment vs. VATS UCHSC Department of Surgery Grand Rounds August 27 th, 2007 Jeremy Hedges, M.D. OVERVIEW Empyema Pathogenesis Treatment Catheter based treatment Fibrinolytics
More informationBest timing for surgical intervention of empyema. Supervisor: Intern:
Best timing for surgical intervention of empyema Supervisor: Intern: Brief history 56 y/o male, farmer With anesthesia medication at LMD Admission 30d 7d Dry cough Progressive productive cough with yellow
More informationParapneumonic effusions are a common problem
Proceeding S.Z.P.G.M.I. vol: 20(2): pp. 9-3, 200. Intrapleural Streptokinase in Management of Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema Kamran Hameed, Ahmad Hasan Banjer, Mohammad Abdul-Aziz Siddiqui
More informationTreatment of multiloculated empyema thoracis using minimally invasive methods
O r i g i n a l A r t i c l e Singapore Med J 2010; 51(3) : 242 Treatment of multiloculated empyema thoracis using minimally invasive methods Metin M, Yeginsu A, Sayar A, Alzafer S, Solak O, Ozgul A, Erkorkmaz
More informationFibrinolytic treatment of complicated pediatric thoracic empyemas with intrapleural streptokinase
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 26 (2004) 503 507 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Fibrinolytic treatment of complicated pediatric thoracic empyemas with intrapleural streptokinase Gülşen Ekingen*,
More informationMANAGEMENT OF RETAINED HAEMOTHORAX DR AG JACOBS PRINCIPAL SPECIALIST DEPARTMENT OF CARDIO THORACIC SURGERY UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA
MANAGEMENT OF RETAINED HAEMOTHORAX DR AG JACOBS PRINCIPAL SPECIALIST DEPARTMENT OF CARDIO THORACIC SURGERY UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA MANAGEMENT OF RETAINED HAEMOTHORAX Retained Haemothorax Definition: Failure
More informationEmpyema Thoracis* Therapeutic Management and Outcome
Empyema Thoracis* Therapeutic Management and Outcome Gregory P. LeMense, MD; Charlie Strange, MD, FCCP; and Steven A. Sahn, MD, FCCP Study objective: We evaluated treatment and outcome of patients with
More informationPaediatric Empyema: A Case Report and Literature Review
Case reports Paediatric Empyema: A Case Report and Literature Review S. J. PARSONS, E. FENTON, M. WILLIAMS Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TASMANIA ABSTRACT Objective: To present
More informationSurgical treatment of empyema in children
Surgical treatment of empyema in children Jacques Janson Pierre Goussard Cardiothoracic Surgery, Paediatric Pulmonology Tygerberg Academic Hospital University of Stellenbosch Pleural space Netter, Frank
More informationThe use of thrombolytics in the management of complex pleural fluid collections
Original Article The use of thrombolytics in the management of complex pleural fluid collections Jessica Heimes 1, Hannah Copeland 2, Aditya Lulla 3, Marjulin Duldulao 4, Khaled Bahjri 5, Salman Zaheer
More informationThoracoplasty for the Management of Postpneumonectomy Empyema
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 9 Number 2 Thoracoplasty for the Management of Postpneumonectomy Empyema S Mullangi, G Diaz-Fuentes, S Khaneja Citation S Mullangi,
More informationTreatment of Loculated Pleural Effusions with Transcatheter Intracavitary Urokinase
941 Treatment of Loculated Pleural Effusions with Transcatheter Intracavitary Urokinase Jeffrey S. Moulton1 Surgical thoracostomy tube placement and radiologically guided catheter drainage Patrick Timothy
More informationPAPER. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Empyema
PAPER Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Empyema Lynette A. Scherer, MD; Felix D. Battistella, MD; John T. Owings, MD; Michael M. Aguilar, MD Background: Video-assisted thoracic
More informationSurgical decortication as the first-line treatment for pleural empyema
Shin et al General Thoracic Surgical decortication as the first-line treatment for pleural empyema Jung Ar Shin, MD, a Yoon Soo Chang, MD, PhD, a Tae Hoon Kim, MD, PhD, b Seok Jin Haam, MD, c Hyung Jung
More informationFibrinolytic Therapy in Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema
Fibrinolytic Therapy in Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema MS Barthwal Pulmonologist and Medical Specialist, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Military Hospital (Cardio Thoracic Center),
More informationOutcomes & Clinical Trials Update: Empyema & NEC
Outcomes & Clinical Trials Update: Empyema & NEC American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes & Clinical Trials Committee Fizan Abdullah, Chair Saleem Islam, Vice Chair Gudrun Aspelund Catherine C.
More informationPost Pneumonic Empyema: Is There Still a Role for Surgery?
Post Pneumonic Empyema: Is There Still a Role for Surgery? M. Blair Marshall, MD Ismael Matus, MD Chief, Thoracic Surgery Interventional Pulmonary Professor of Surgery Medicine MedStar Georgetown University
More informationThoracostomy: An Update on Imaging Features and Current Surgical Practice
Thoracostomy: An Update on Imaging Features and Current Surgical Practice Robert D. Ambrosini, MD, PhD, Christopher Gange, MD, Katherine Kaproth-Joslin, MD, PhD, Susan Hobbs, MD, PhD Department of Imaging
More informationCurrent Management of Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula
Current Management of Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula Shaf Keshavjee MD MSc FRCSC FACS Surgeon-in-Chief, University Health Network James Wallace McCutcheon Chair in Surgery Professor, Division
More informationVideothoracoscopy in Pleural Empyema Following Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Lung Infection
Short Communication TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2009) 9, 723 728 ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2009.91 Videothoracoscopy in Pleural Empyema Following Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
More informationGuideline for management of children & adolescents with pleural empyema
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICE PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN Guideline for management of children & adolescents with pleural empyema This guideline provides an evidence-based framework for
More informationV.N. KARAZIN KHARKOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
V.N. KARAZIN KHARKOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Kharkov Regional Centre of Cardiovascular surgery V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University Department of Internal Medicine Pleural empyema Abduyeva F.M., MD, PhD
More informationDiagnostic Approach to Pleural Effusion
Diagnostic Approach to Pleural Effusion Objectives Define the leading causes of pleural effusion Classify the type of effusion Identify procedures and tests associated with diagnosis 2 Agenda Basic anatomy
More informationReview of video-assisted thoracoscopy in children
Review Article Review of video-assisted thoracoscopy in children S N Oak, S V Parelkar, K V SatishKumar, R Pathak, B H Ramesh, S Sudhir, M Keshav Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital,
More informationEmpyema following pulmonary resection. What is difficult management? รศ.นพ. ธ รว ทย พ นธ ช ยเพชร
Empyema following pulmonary resection. What is difficult management? รศ.นพ. ธ รว ทย พ นธ ช ยเพชร Post lung resection empyema Post lobectomy 0.01-2.00% Post-pneumonectomy 2-16% Rt>Lt., mortality 10% Residual
More informationCase Report Intrapleural administration of DNase alone for pleural empyema
Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(11):22011-22015 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0016173 Case Report Intrapleural administration of DNase alone for pleural empyema Vladimir Bobek 1,2,3, Andrzej Majewski 4,
More informationA Repeat Case of Idiopathic Spontaneous Hemothorax
Case Report A Repeat Case of Idiopathic Spontaneous Hemothorax Felix R. Gaw, MD Jack H. Bloch, MD, PhD, FACS Nolan J. Anderson, MD, FACS Spontaneous hemothorax, a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
More informationSurgical versus non-surgical management for pleural empyema(protocol)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Surgical versus non-surgical management for pleural empyema(protocol) ChinTY,ReddenMD,HsuCCT,vanDrielML ChinTY,ReddenMD,HsuCCT,vanDrielML. Surgical versus non-surgical
More informationUAMS MEDICAL CENTER TRAUMA SERVICES MANUAL. REVIEWED: New PAGE: 1 of 7. RECOMMENDATION(S): Dr. Michael Sutherland APPROVAL: 04/28/2016
REVIEWED: New PAGE: 1 of 7 PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for the evaluation and management of patients with traumatic chest wall injury including rib fractures, sternal fractures, hemothorax and retained
More informationThoracotomy and decortication in empyema: Clinical spectrum and outcome
Original Article Thoracotomy and decortication in empyema: Clinical spectrum and outcome Shrestha KP*, Adhikari S**, Pokhrel DP*** *Associate Professor, **DM Resident, ***Professor NAMS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION:
More informationaacp consensus statement
aacp consensus statement Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parapneumonic Effusions* An Evidence-Based Guideline Gene L. Colice, MD, FCCP; Anne Curtis, MD; Jean Deslauriers, MD; John Heffner, MD, FCCP;
More informationAdvances in the Management of Empyema
Advances in the Management of Empyema RCP Update in Respiratory Medicine 26 th January 2017 Najib M Rahman Associate Professor of Respiratory Medicine University of Oxford najib.rahman@ndm.ox.ac.uk Financial
More informationA recurrent empyema with peripheral bronchopleural fistulas treated by retrograde bronchial sealing with Gore Tex plugs: a case report
Case Report A recurrent empyema with peripheral bronchopleural fistulas treated by retrograde bronchial sealing with Gore Tex plugs: a case report Jin-Young Ahn 1, Dohun Kim 2, Jong-Myeon Hong 2, Si-Wook
More informationManagement of Pleural Effusion
Management of Pleural Effusion Development of Pleural Effusion pulmonary capillary pressure (CHF) capillary permeability (Pneumonia) intrapleural pressure (atelectasis) plasma oncotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia)
More informationSurgical Treatment for Empyema Thoracis: Is Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Better Than Thoracotomy?
Surgical Treatment for Empyema Thoracis: Is Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Better Than Thoracotomy? Daniel T. L. Chan, MBBS, Alan D. L. Sihoe, FRCSEd, FCCP, Shun Chan, MBBS, Dickson S. F. Tsang, MBBS,
More informationCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMPLEX MEDICO-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PLEURAL SPACE DISEASES DOCTORAL THESIS
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY FROM TÂRGU-MUREŞ DOCTORAL SCHOOL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMPLEX MEDICO-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PLEURAL SPACE DISEASES DOCTORAL THESIS Scientific Supervisor Prof. Dr. Alexandru-Mihail
More informationEmpyema due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
Thorax (1967), 22, 170. Empyema due to Klebsiella pneumoniae J. M. REID, R. S. BARCLAY, J. G. STEVENSON, T. M. WELSH, AND N. McSWAN From thle Cardio-thoracic Unit, Mearnskirk Hospital, Renifrewshire Three
More informationChapter 8. Other Important Tests and Procedures. Mosby items and derived items 2011, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 8 Other Important Tests and Procedures 1 Introduction Additional important diagnostic studies include: Sputum examination Skin tests Endoscopic examination Lung biopsy Thoracentesis Hematology,
More informationA review of the management of complex para-pneumonic effusion in adults
Review Article A review of the management of complex para-pneumonic effusion in adults Vikas Koppurapu, Nikhil Meena Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little
More informationTrust Guideline for the management of Parapneumonic Effusion in children
A clinical guideline recommended for use For Use in: By: For: Division responsible for document: Buxton ward, Children s Assessment Unit (CAU) All staff Children with parapneumonic effusion Women and Children
More informationPneumothorax. Defined as air in the pleural space which can occur through a number of mechanisms
Pneumothorax Defined as air in the pleural space which can occur through a number of mechanisms Traumatic pneumothorax Penetrating chest trauma Common secondary to bullet or knife penetration Chest tube
More informationAdam J. Hansen, MD UHC Thoracic Surgery
Adam J. Hansen, MD UHC Thoracic Surgery Sometimes seen on Chest X-ray (CXR) Common incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) chest and abdomen done for other reasons Most lung cancers discovered
More informationProcedure: Chest Tube Placement (Tube Thoracostomy)
Procedure: Chest Tube Placement (Tube Thoracostomy) Basic Information: The insertion and placement of a chest tube into the pleural cavity for the purpose of removing air, blood, purulent drainage, or
More informationABDULHAMEED AZIZ, 1 JEFFREY M. HEALEY, 1 FAISAL QURESHI, 1 TIMOTHY D. KANE, 1 GEOFFREY KURLAND, 2 MICHAEL GREEN, 3 and DAVID J.
SURGICAL INFECTIONS Volume 9, Number 3, 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/sur.2007.025 Comparative Analysis of Chest Tube Thoracostomy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Empyema and Parapneumonic
More informationIntrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema: Present Status
Review Article Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema: Present Status Col (Dr) M.S. Barthwal Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Military Hospital, Namkum, Ranchi,
More informationGuidelines/Guidance/CAP/ Hospitalized Child. PHM Boot Camp 2014 Jay Tureen, MD June 19, 2014
Guidelines/Guidance/CAP/ Hospitalized Child PHM Boot Camp 2014 Jay Tureen, MD June 19, 2014 CAP in Children: Epi Greatest cause of death in children worldwide Estimated > 2 M deaths in children In developed
More informationFactors predictive of the failure of medical treatment in patients with pleural infection
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Korean J Intern Med 2014;29:603-612 Factors predictive of the failure of medical treatment in patients with pleural infection Sung-Kyoung Kim 1, Chul Ung Kang 2, So Hyang Song 1, Deog
More informationRole of routine computed tomography in paediatric pleural empyema
c Additional Methods data are published online only at http:// thorax.bmj.com/content/vol63/ issue10 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK;
More informationCase Report Ruptured Hydatid Cyst with an Unusual Presentation
Case Reports in Surgery Volume 2011, Article ID 730604, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2011/730604 Case Report Ruptured Hydatid Cyst with an Unusual Presentation Deepak Puri, Amit Kumar Mandal, Harinder Pal Kaur,
More informationTHORACOSCOPY IN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
THORACOSCOPY IN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME David R. Flum, MD Scott D. Steinberg, MD Thomas R. Bernik, MD Enrique Bonfils-Roberts, MD Marshall D. Kramer, MD Peter X. Adams, MD Marc K. Wallack, MD
More informationUse of Fibrinolytics in Abdominal and Pleural Collections
264 Use of Fibrinolytics in Abdominal and Pleural Collections Anuradha S. Shenoy-Bhangle, MD 1 DebraA.Gervais,MD 1,2 1 Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
More informationImmediate Drainage Is Not Required for All Patients with Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions*
Immediate Drainage Is Not Required for All Patients with Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions* Herbert A. Berger; M.D.;t and Melvin L. Morganroth, M.D., F.C.C.P.t We retrospectively investigated if the
More informationRCH Trauma Guideline. Management of Traumatic Pneumothorax & Haemothorax. Trauma Service, Division of Surgery
RCH Trauma Guideline Management of Traumatic Pneumothorax & Haemothorax Trauma Service, Division of Surgery Aim To describe safe and competent management of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax at RCH.
More informationComplicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis: Microbiologic and therapeutic aspects
Respiratory Medicine (2006) 100, 286 291 Complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis: Microbiologic and therapeutic aspects Duygu Ozol, Sibel Oktem, Erturk Erdinc Department of Chest Disease,
More informationInterventional radiology treatment of empyema and lung abscesses
PAEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY REVIEWS (2008) 9, 77 84 CME ARTICLE Interventional radiology treatment of empyema and lung abscesses Mark J. Hogan* and Brian D. Coley Nationwide Children s Hospital and The Ohio
More informationManagement of Pleural Empyema Using VATS with Jet-Lavage System
Journal of Surgery 2018; 6(5): 135-139 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/js doi: 10.11648/j.js.20180605.15 ISSN: 2330-0914 (Print); ISSN: 2330-0930 (Online) Management of Pleural Empyema Using VATS
More informationEXPERIMENTAL PLEURAL EMPYEMA PATHOLOGIC CHANGES
Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp 61-65, 2005 Copyright 2005 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1312-1723 Original Contribution EXPERIMENTAL PLEURAL EMPYEMA PATHOLOGIC
More informationC tion in the current management of childhood postpneumonic. Role of Lung Decortication in Symptomatic Empyemas in Children
Role of Lung Decortication in Symptomatic Empyemas in Children Robert. Gustafson, MD, Gordon F. Murray, MD, Herbert E. Warden, MD, and Ronald C. Hill, MD Department of Surgery, West Virginia University
More informationPersistent Spontaneous Pneumothorax for Four Years: A Case Report
303) Persistent Spontaneous Pneumothorax for Four Years: A Case Report Mizuno Y., Iwata H., Shirahashi K., Matsui M., Takemura H. Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine,
More informationEffectiveness and Risks Associated With Intrapleural Alteplase by Means of Tube Thoracostomy
Effectiveness and Risks Associated With Intrapleural Alteplase by Means of Tube Thoracostomy Sharon Ben-Or, MD, Richard H. Feins, MD, Nirmal K. Veeramachaneni, MD, and Benjamin E. Haithcock, MD Division
More informationP leural empyema continues to be a serious problem
1009 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Empyema thoracis: a 10-year comparative review of hospitalised children from south Asia A K Baranwal, M Singh, R K Marwaha, L Kumar... See end of article for authors affiliations...
More informationRETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF EMPYEMA THORACIS IN HIV INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH REGARDS TO AETIOLOGY AND OUTCOMES
RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF EMPYEMA THORACIS IN HIV INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH REGARDS TO AETIOLOGY AND OUTCOMES Dr Grace Helga Kaye-Eddie A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health
More informationTHE USE of less invasive thoracic surgery has gained
Efficacy of Primary and Secondary Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Children By Frederick J. Rescorla, Karen W. West, Cynthia A. Gingalewski, Scott A. Engum, L.R. Scherer III, and Jay L. Grosfeld Indianapolis,
More informationBronchogenic Carcinoma
A 55-year-old construction worker has smoked 2 packs of ciggarettes daily for the past 25 years. He notes swelling in his upper extremity & face, along with dilated veins in this region. What is the most
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/23566
More informationTop Tips for Pleural Disease in 2012
Top Tips for Pleural Disease in 2012 The unilateral pleural effusion on the Post Take Ward Round Pleural Effusion on CXR Bedside ultrasound + Pleural aspirate Empyema Nil evidence infection Admit IV antibiotics
More informationEsophageal Perforation
Esophageal Perforation Dr. Carmine Simone Thoracic Surgeon, Division of General Surgery Head, Division of Critical Care May 15, 2006 Overview Case presentation Radiology Pre-operative management Operative
More informationManagement of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010
1 Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital Site, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK Correspondence to Dr
More informationA simple weighted scoring system to guide surgical decisionmaking in patients with parapneumonic pleural effusion
Original Article A simple weighted scoring system to guide surgical decisionmaking in patients with parapneumonic pleural effusion Che-Chia Chang 1,2, Tzu-Ping Chen 1, Chi-Hsiao Yeh 1, Pin-Fu Huang 1,
More informationIntrapleural catheter drainage followed by pleurodesis is the
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intrapleural Urokinase for the Treatment of Loculated Malignant Pleural Effusions and Trapped Lungs in Medically Inoperable Cancer Patients Li-Han Hsu, MD,* Thomas C. Soong, MD, An-Chen
More informationEmpyema thoracis: Surgical management in children
Review Article Full text online at http://www.jiaps.com Empyema thoracis: Surgical management in children Prema Menon, Ravi Prakash Kanojia, K. L. N. Rao Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatric
More informationInfection of the pleural space with the formation of. Effects of Streptokinase and Deoxyribonuclease on Viscosity of Human Surgical and Empyema Pus*
Effects of Streptokinase and Deoxyribonuclease on Viscosity of Human Surgical and Empyema Pus* Graham Simpson, MD; David Roomes, MB, ChB; and Mal Heron, PhD Study objective: To investigate the effects
More informationUnderstanding surgery
What does surgery for lung cancer involve? Surgery for lung cancer involves an operation, which aims to remove all the cancer from the lung. Who will carry out my operation? In the UK, we have cardio-thoracic
More informationRoutine chest drainage after patent ductus arteriosis ligation is not necessary
Original Article Brunei Int Med J. 2010; 6 (3): 126-130 Routine chest drainage after patent ductus arteriosis ligation is not necessary Amy THIEN, Samuel Kai San YAPP, Chee Fui CHONG Department of Surgery,
More informationPleural Fluid Analysis: Back to Basics
Pleural Fluid Analysis: Back to Basics Tonya L. Page, MSN, RN, ACNP-BC Patrick A. Laird, DNP, RN, ACNP-BC 70 y/o female with complaints of shortness of breath and orthopnea for 1 month. Symptoms have worsened
More informationPULMONARY EMERGENCIES
EMERGENCIES I. Pneumonia A. Bacterial Pneumonia (most common cause of a focal infiltrate) 1. Epidemiology a. Accounts for up to 10% of hospital admissions in the U.S. b. Most pneumonias are the result
More informationDiagnosis and Management of Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema
CLINICAL PRACTICE Ellie J. C. Goldstein, Section Editor INVITED ARTICLE Diagnosis and Management of Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema Steve A. Sahn Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and
More informationDiagnostic Approach to Pleural Effusion
Original Article GCSMC J Med Sci Vol (IV) No (I) January-June 2015 Diagnostic Approach to Pleural Effusion Rushi Patel*, Viral Shah*, Deepali Kamdar** Abstract : Aim : Normally the pleural cavities contain
More informationThe Eloesser flap thoracostomy window was initially described
Eloesser Flap Thoracostomy Window Chadrick E. Denlinger, MD Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina and the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina. Address reprint
More informationTissue Plasminogen Activator for the Treatment of Parapneumonic Effusions in Pediatric Patients
Tissue Plasminogen Activator for the Treatment of Parapneumonic Effusions in Pediatric Patients Emily N. Israel 1,2 and Allison B. Blackmer 1,2, * 1 Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan
More informationManejo Práctico del Derrame Pleural
Manejo Práctico del Derrame Pleural San José, Costa Rica Junio 29, 2017 Rodrigo Cartín Ceba, MD, MSc Consultant, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic 2010 MFMER
More informationEmpyema and ruptured lung abscess in adults'
Thorax (1964), 19, 492. Empyema and ruptured lung abscess in adults' ROWAN NICKS From the Thoracic Surgical Unit, Page Chest Pavilion, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Melbourne This brief annotation concerns
More informationPneumothorax lecture no. 3
Pneumothorax lecture no. 3 Is accumulation of air in a pleural space or accumulation of extra pulmonary air within the chest, Is uncommon during childhood, may result from external trauma, iatrogenic,
More informationThe clinical finding, diagnosis and outcome of patients with complicated lung hydatid cysts
Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2016, 5, 8:293-297 The clinical finding, diagnosis and outcome of patients with complicated
More informationPhil. J. Internal Medicine, 47: 77-81, March-April, 2009 INCIDENCE OF PNEUMOTHORAX AFTER THORACENTESIS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ITS OCCURRENCE
Original Articles Incidence of Pneumothorax After Thoracentesis and Factors Associated with Its Occurrence 77 Phil. J. Internal Medicine, 47: 77-81, March-April, 2009 INCIDENCE OF PNEUMOTHORAX AFTER THORACENTESIS
More informationPleural Empyema Joseph Junewick, MD FACR
Pleural Empyema Joseph Junewick, MD FACR 03/19/2010 History Teenager with persistent fever and cough. Pneumonia diagnosed 1 week ago. Diagnosis Pleural Empyema Additional Clinical Surgery-Clear fluid with
More informationCEDR 2018 QCDR Measures for CMS 2018 MIPS Performance Year Reporting
ACEP19 Emergency Department Utilization of CT for Minor Blunt Head Trauma for Aged 18 Years and Older Percentage of visits for aged 18 years and older who presented with a minor blunt head trauma who had
More informationProceedings of the 10th International Congress of World Equine Veterinary Association
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of World Equine Veterinary Association Jan. 28 Feb. 1, 2008 - Moscow, Russia Next Congress: Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Conference
More informationDiaphragmatic Hernia Presenting With Intrathoracic Perforation
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Surgery Volume 2 Number 1 Diaphragmatic Hernia Presenting With Intrathoracic Perforation A ERDOGAN Citation A ERDOGAN.. The Internet Journal of Surgery. 2000 Volume 2
More informationImaging of Pleural Effusion: Comparing Ultrasound, X-Ray and CT findings
Imaging of Pleural Effusion: Comparing Ultrasound, X-Ray and CT findings Poster No.: C-2067 Congress: ECR 2017 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: J. M. Almeida, N. Antunes, C. Leal, L. Figueiredo ; Lisboa/PT,
More information(SKILLS/HANDS-ON) Chest Tubes. Rebecca Carman, MSN, ACNP-BC. Amanda Shumway, PA-C. Thomas W. White, MD, FACS, CNSC
(SKILLS/HANDS-ON) Chest Tubes Rebecca Carman, MSN, ACNP-BC Nurse Practitioner, Trauma Services, Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Healthcare Amanda Shumway, PA-C APC Trauma and Critical Care
More informationLung Cancer Resection
Lung Cancer Resection Introduction The occurrence of lung cancer has increased dramatically over the last 50 years. Your health care provider may have recommended an operation to remove your lung cancer.
More information