Pharmaceuticals in Michigan Waters
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1 Pharmaceuticals in Michigan Waters Amy L. Perbeck, MPH Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Ottawa County Third Annual Water Quality Forum November 14, 28
2 Sampling Protocol Emerging Issues Monitoring through Clean Michigan Initiative Clean Water Fund January, April, July, October 25 Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids Source water, finished drinking water WWTP influent/effluent Monroe Source water, finished drinking water
3 Target Analytes Antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole Lincomycin Tylosin Trimethoprim Beta-blockers Atenolol Metoprolol Propranolol Analgesics Acetaminophen Codeine Ibuprofen Lipid Regulators Clofibric acid Gemfibrozil
4 Target Analytes (cont d) Hormones and Sterols 17-β-estradiol 17-α-ethinylestradiol Estrone Estriol Cholesterol Coprostanol Miscellaneous Carbamazepine Fluoxetine Norfluoxetine Caffeine Extras Cimetidine Diltiazem 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Diphenylhydramine Erythromycin Miconazole Sertraline Thiobendazole Warfarin GC/MS for hormones/sterols LC/MS/MS for remainder
5 Antibiotics Analgesics Compounds Detected in Source Water Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Hormones/Sterols
6 Antibiotics Compounds Detected in Drinking Water Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Hormones/Sterols
7 Antibiotics Analgesics Effect of Water Treatment Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Anticonvulsant Hormones/Sterols Percent Removal
8 Antibiotics Antidepressants Compounds Detected in Wastewater Influent Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Hormones/Sterols
9 Antibiotics Antidepressants Compounds Detected in Wastewater Effluent Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulant Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Hormones/Sterols
10 Antibiotics Antidepressants Effect of Wastewater Treatment Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Hormones/Sterols Percent Removal
11 Grand Rapids Source Water vs. Drinking Water Source Water Drinking Water Cholesterol Caffeine Tylosin Propranolol Metoprolol Compound
12 Estriol Grand Rapids Source Water vs. Drinking Water Sulfamethoxazole Atenolol 17-B-Estradiol Carbamazepine 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Acetaminophen Compound Source Water Drinking Water Ibuprofen
13 Trimethoprim Grand Rapids Source Water vs. Drinking Water Coprostanol 17-a-Ethinylestradiol Diltiazem Gemfibrozil Lincomycin Compound Source Water Drinking Water Estrone
14 Atenolol Grand Rapids Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent Acetaminophen 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Ibuprofen Compound Influent Effluent Caffeine
15 Grand Rapids Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent 35 3 Influent Effluent Cholesterol Coprostanol Clofibric Acid Gemfibrozil Compound
16 Metoprolol Grand Rapids Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent Cimetidine Trimethoprim Carbamazepine Fluoxetine Codeine 17-a-Ethinylestradiol Compound Influent Effluent Sulfamethoxazole
17 Diltiazem Grand Rapids Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent Propranolol Thiobendazole Lincomycin Tylosin Miconazole 17-B-Estradiol Warfarin Influent Effluent Compound Estrone Estriol
18 Should We Regulate PPCPs? Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts. often attributed to Albert Einstein
19 Unanswered Questions Is any of this a problem? Antibiotic resistance Endocrine disruption Aquatic life Persistence and bioaccumulation? Wildlife Human health Allergic reactions? How can these compounds be removed? Cost, technical feasibility
20 Points to Ponder Extremely low concentrations Detected only because of improved technology Input is essentially constant As is exposure of aquatic organisms Complex mixtures of compounds designed to be biologically active Potential additive/synergistic effects Pass-through suggests resistance to biodegradation Stable throughout manufacture/storage Need better fate and transport data to accurately assess impact
21 Acknowledgments Bryan Brooks and Kevin Chambliss, Baylor University Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research Janice Skadsen, City of Ann Arbor Water Utilities John Wierenga, City of Grand Rapids Lake Michigan Filtration Plant Scott Allen, City of Monroe Daniel Meyering and Brian Rice, Fleis and VandenBrink Engineering
22 Antibiotics Analgesics Compounds Detected in Source Water Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Hormones/Sterols
23 Antibiotics Compounds Detected in Drinking Water Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Hormones/Sterols
24 Antibiotics Analgesics Effect of Water Treatment Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Monroe Anticonvulsant Hormones/Sterols Percent Removal
25 Antibiotics Antidepressants Compounds Detected in Wastewater Influent Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Hormones/Sterols
26 Antibiotics Antidepressants Compounds Detected in Wastewater Effluent Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulant Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Hormones/Sterols
27 Antibiotics Antidepressants Effect of Wastewater Treatment Ann Arbor Grand Rapids Anticonvulsant Lipid Regulators Stimulants Beta-Blockers Analgesics Category Hormones/Sterols Percent Removal
28 17-a-Ethinylestradiol Ann Arbor Source Water vs. Drinking Water Acetaminophen Cholesterol 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Compound Source Water Drinking Water Caffeine
29 Estriol Ann Arbor Source Water vs. Drinking Water Carbamazepine Sulfamethoxazole Codeine Atenolol Estrone Compound Source Water Drinking Water Ibuprofen
30 Propranolol Ann Arbor Source Water vs. Drinking Water Trimethoprim Metoprolol 17-B-Estradiol Diltiazem Diphenylhydramine Compound Source Water Drinking Water Coprostanol Gemfibrozil
31 Atenolol Ann Arbor Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent Acetaminophen 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Ibuprofen Compound Influent Effluent Caffeine
32 Estriol Metoprolol Ann Arbor Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent Coprostanol Gemfibrozil Thiobendazole Carbamazepine Cimetidine Codeine Trimethoprim Compound Influent Effluent Cholesterol Sulfamethoxazole
33 Warfarin Diltiazem Ann Arbor Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent 17-B-Estradiol 17-a-Ethinylestradiol Miconazole Propranolol Clofibric Acid Influent Effluent Compound Lincomycin Estrone
34 Sulfamethoxazole Monroe Source Water vs. Drinking Water Cholesterol Caffeine Acetaminophen Compound Influent Effluent Atenolol
35 Estriol Monroe Source Water vs. Drinking Water Gemfibrozil Carbamazepine Ibuprofen Metoprolol Trimethoprim Compound Influent Effluent 1,7-Dimethylxanthine
36 Miconazole Monroe Source Water vs. Drinking Water Diltiazem 17-a-Ethinylestradiol 17-B-Estradiol Propranolol Lincomycin Thiobendazole Compound Influent Effluent Tylosin Codeine
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