Index. cardiology.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenosine in idiopathic AV block, Adolescent(s) syncope in, See also Syncope, in children and adolescents AECG monitoring. See Ambulatory electrocardiographic (AECG) monitoring Ambulatory electrocardiographic (AECG) monitoring in syncope, See also Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for driving with syncope, 470 ANS assessment. See Autonomic nervous system (ANS) assessment Aortic stenosis syncope in children and adolescents due to, 401 Arrhythmia(s). See also specific types, e.g., Bradyarrhythmia syncope due to, 389 in children and adolescents, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) as warning symptom of SCD, 426 ARVC. See Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Atherosclerotic coronary disease as warning symptom of SCD, Athlete(s) SCD in syncope as warning symptom of, See also Syncope, syncope in as warning symptom of SCD, See also Syncope, Atrioventricular (AV) block idiopathic. See Idiopathic atrioventricular (AV) block Autonomic nervous system (ANS) assessment in syncope evaluation function tests, 359 Autonomic syncope in children and adolescents, blood injury phobia, 400 breath-holding spells, 400 dysautonomic syncope, 399 fainting lark, 400 Cardiol Clin 33 (2015) /15/$ see front matter Ó 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. neurocardiogenic syncope, POTS, AV block. See Atrioventricular (AV) block B Bifascicular block Blood injury phobia in children and adolescents, 400 Bradyarrhythmia EP study of, Breath-holding spells in children and adolescents, 400 Brugada syndrome in children and adolescents, 402 ECG of, C Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) risk of harm formula syncope while driving related, 467 Canadian Medical Association Driver s guide in determining medical fitness for driving with syncope, 469 Cardiac arrhythmias. See also specific types, e.g., Bradyarrhythmia syncope due to, 389 Cardiac output (CO) low, 344 Cardiac pacing in syncope management, Cardiac syncope in children and adolescents, causes of arrhythmias, obstructive, primary myocardiac dysfunction, 401 Cardiogenic syncope as warning symptom of SCD, Cardioneuroablation cardiology.theclinics.com

2 498 Index Cataplexy nonsyncopal LOC and, 352 Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) ECG of, 437 Cathocholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia syncope in children and adolescents due to, 402 CCS. See Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Children syncope in, See also Syncope, in children and adolescents CO. See Cardiac output (CO) Commercial driving, Congenital coronary artery anomaly as warning symptom of SCD, 427 Consciousness loss of. See Loss of consciousness (LOC) transient loss of. See Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) Convulsive syncope, CPVT. See Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) D Driving, CCS risk of harm formula related to, 467 commercial driving, fitness for, pathophysiologic features of, prevalence of, 467 prognosis of, 467 recommendations related to, recurrence of, 467 regulations and guidelines related to ethics behind, Drug therapy in syncope management, Dysautonomic syncope in children and adolescents, 399 E ECG. See Electrocardiogram (ECG) Elderly syncope in, See also Syncope, in older adults Electrocardiogram (ECG) of syncope in hereditary arrhythmogenic syndromes, Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in SMU, Electrophysiology (EP) study in syncope evaluation, bradyarrhythmia, introduction, 367 in organic heart disease patients, 457 tachyarrhythmia, EP study. See Electrophysiology (EP) study Epilepsy difficult cases related to ILRs in, nonsyncopal LOC and, questionable ILRs for, 382 tilt tests for, TLOC and, 342 Epileptic seizures syncope vs., European Society of Cardiology (ECS) recommendations for driving with syncope, 470 External loop recorders in SMU, 492 F Fainting lark in children and adolescents, 400 Fall(s) unexplained ILRs in, Fluid therapy H HCM. See Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Head trauma TLOC and, 342 Head-up tilt table (HUTT) testing in SMU, 491 in syncope evaluation in children and adolescents, Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) recommendations for driving with syncope, 470 Hereditary arrhythmogenic syndromes syncope in, See also Syncope, in hereditary arrhythmogenic syndromes Holter monitoring in SMU, 492 HUTT testing. See Head-up tilt table (HUTT) testing Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as warning symptom of SCD, syncope in children and adolescents due to, Hypoglycemia nonsyncopal LOC and, 351

3 Index 499 Hypotension orthostatic as warning symptom of SCD, 424 syncope secondary to I Idiopathic atrioventricular (AV) block, adenosine in, clinical perspectives on, 446 diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, epidemiology of, pathophysiology of, purinergic profile, ILRs. See Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) limitations of, 365 for questionable epilepsy, 382 in SMU, 492 in syncope, in organic heart disease patients, technical aspects, implanting technique, and follow-up, in TLOC diagnostic evaluation, difficult epilepsy cases, unexplained falls, unexplained syncope, 363 Ion channel diseases as warning symptom of SCD, N Neurally mediated reflex syncope, 388 in older adults pathophysiology of, Neurally mediated syncope as warning symptom of SCD, 424 Neurocardiogenic syncope in children and adolescents, O Older adults syncope in, See also Syncope, in older adults Organic heart disease described, 450 syncope in patients with, evaluation of, clinical assessment in, EP studies in, 457 future of, ILRs in, introduction, management of, mechanisms of, mortality data, prevalence of, Orthostatic hypotension as warning symptom of SCD, 424 syncope secondary to Orthostatic syncope, 388 L LOC. See Loss of consciousness (LOC) Long QT syndrome (LQTS) in children and adolescents, ECG of, 437 Loss of consciousness (LOC) nonsyncopal clinical findings of, cataplexy, 352 epilepsy, hypoglycemia, 351 psychogenic pseudosyncope, TIA, 351 in syncope evaluation of, transient. See Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) LQTS. See Long QT syndrome (LQTS) P Paced breathing Pacemaker therapy Peripheral resistance low, 344 Physical maneuvers in syncope management in children and adolescents, counterpressure maneuvers, 475 Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children and adolescents, POTS. See Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) Primary myocardiac dysfunction syncope in children and adolescents due to, 401

4 500 Index Primary pulmonary hypertension syncope in children and adolescents due to, 401 Pseudosyncope psychogenic nonsyncopal LOC and, Psychogenic pseudosyncope nonsyncopal LOC and, R Reflex syncope, 388 management of, general measures in, 475 water ingestion in, 475 S SCD. See Sudden cardiac death (SCD) Seizure(s) epileptic syncope vs., syncope vs., history in, Seizure disorder in children and adolescents, 398 Short QT syndrome (SQTS) ECG of, 437 Situational syncope diagnosis of, Sleep syncope, 354 SMU. See Syncope management unit (SMU) SQTS. See Short QT syndrome (SQTS) Stakeholders in SMU, 486 Sudden cardiac death (SCD) syncope as warning symptom of, See also Syncope, Syncope, See also Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) AECG monitoring in, causes of, 424 clinical work-up of, epidemiology of, 424 management of, 430 as warning symptom of SCD cardiogenic syncope, ARVC, 426 atherosclerotic coronary disease, congenital coronary artery anomaly, 427 HCM, ion channel diseases, introduction, neurally mediated syncope, 424 orthostatic hypertension, 424 autonomic in children and adolescents, See also Autonomic syncope, in children and adolescents cardiac in children and adolescents, See also Cardiac syncope, in children and adolescents causes of, , 423, cardiac arrhythmias, 389 diagnosis of, structural cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, 389 challenges related to, 484 in children and adolescents, causes of noncardiac, classification of, autonomic syncope, cardiac syncope, evaluation of, imaging studies in, 404 laboratory studies in, future perspective on, incidence of, introduction, 397 management of, prevalence of, classification of, , as common problem, 484, 486 convulsive, costliness of, 486 death related to, defined, , 378, 397, 465 described, 378, , diagnosis of, 485 diagnostic pathway for, driving and, See also Driving, dysautonomic in children and adolescents, 399 epidemiology of, 343 evaluation of ANS assessment in, 359 EP study in, See also Electrophysiology (EP) study, in syncope evaluation initial clinical, See also Syncope, initial clinical evaluation of tilt testing in, See also Tilt testing, in syncope evaluation in hereditary arrhythmogenic syndromes, circumstances of, 434 ECG of, Brugada syndrome,

5 Index 501 CPVT, 437 LQTS, 437 SQTS, 437 family history in, 434 introduction, medical history in, physical examination in, symptoms of, high-risk patients for identification of, historical background of, 357 hospital admissions related to, 423, 465 idiopathic AV block and, See also Idiopathic atrioventricular (AV) block, syncope and ILRs in, See also Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) incidence of, 367, 449 initial clinical evaluation of, clinical findings of nonsyncopal LOC, diagnosis of cause in, findings suggestive of cause only in, TLOC cause and diagnosis in, was LOC complete in, was LOC rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery in, 349 introduction, 341 low CO with, 344 low peripheral resistance with, 344 management of, bifascicular block and, 478 cardiac pacing in, cardiac syncope, 478 drug therapy in, in emergency department, guidelines for, 470 inpatient, 487 introduction, outpatient, 487 physical counterpressure maneuvers in, 475 reflex syncope, See also Reflex syncope syncope secondary to orthostatic hypotension, 478 tilt training in, 475 mimics of, 389 neurally mediated reflex, 388 in older adults pathophysiology of, neurocardiogenic in children and adolescents, in older adults, epidemiology of, introduction, 411 management of, case examples, pathophysiology of, in organic heart disease patients, See also Organic heart disease, syncope in patients with orthostatic, 388 orthostatic hypotension and diagnosis of, 353 pathophysiology of, 344 prevalence of, 449 recurrence of, 367 reflex, 388 management of, seizure vs., epileptic seizures, history in, situational diagnosis of, sleep, 354 unexplained ILRs in, 363 vasovagal in children and adolescents, 398 typical diagnosis of, 352 as warning symptom of SCD, Syncope care delivery organization general features of, Syncope management unit (SMU), cardiac imaging in, ECG monitoring in, exclusion of other causes of TLOC in, external loop recorders in, 492 holter monitoring in, 492 HUTT in, 491 ILRs in, 492 initial evaluation in, 488 inpatient telemetry in, 492 professional skill mix for, provocative testing in, 491 rationale for, role of, 488 settings of, stakeholders in, 486 T Tachyarrhythmia EP study of, TIA. See Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Tilt testing for questionable epilepsy, in syncope evaluation, in children and adolescents, current role of, 359 impact of, negativity toward, Tilt training in syncope management, 475

6 502 Index TLOC. See Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) Transient ischemic attack (TIA) psychogenic, 351 Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC). See also Syncope causes of, defined, described, 342 diagnosis of, 377 ILRs in, health services delivery for, rapid onset and short duration of, 342 recovery from, 342 risk stratification of patients presenting with, cardiac vs. noncardiac causes, described, longer-term risk, short-term high-risk TLOC/syncope markers, 392 short-term or immediate risk, rule out head trauma and epilepsy in, 342 in SMU, in syncope cause and diagnosis of, video recordings of, 382 Trauma head TLOC and, 342 Typical vasovagal syncope diagnosis of, 352 V Vasovagal syncope in children and adolescents, 398 W Water ingestion in syncope management, 475