Index. cardiology.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ABI. See Ankle-brachial index (ABI). Afterload, deconstructing of, in ventricular vascular interaction in heart failure, 449 Air plethysmography (APG), in PAD, Aneurysm(s), of lower extremities, CTA of, 337 Angiogenic growth factors, in intermittent claudication management, 374 Angiography ASL, in vascular disease diagnosis, 343 balanced steady state free precession, in vascular disease diagnosis, 342 carotid, noncontrast MRA in, CT, in PAD, 325 digital subtraction, in PAD, 325 ECG-gated 3D partial-fourier fast spin-echo, in vascular disease diagnosis, 343 invasive, in upper extremity arterial occlusive disease diagnosis, 354 magnetic resonance. See Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). phase-contrast, in vascular disease diagnosis, 342 renal, noncontrast MRA in, thoracic, noncontrast MRA in, D-variable flip-angle FSE, in vascular disease diagnosis, TOF, in vascular disease diagnosis, Angioplasty for chronic CLI, principles of, 397 subintimal, in infrainguinal disease, Ankle-brachial index (ABI), in PAD, 321 Antiplatelet therapy, PAD due to, Aortoiliac disease, endovascular treatment for, advances in, stent technology related, Aortoiliac occlusions, treatment of, advances in, APG. See Air plethysmography (APG). Arterial spin-labelling (ASL) angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, 343 Artifact(s), of lower extremities, CTA of, ASL angiography. See Arterial spin-labelling (ASL) angiography. Atherectomy excisional and rotational, in superficial femoral artery disease management, 390 for chronic CLI, Cardiol Clin 29 (2011) doi: /s (11) /11/$ see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Atherosclerotic proximal upper extremity arterial stenosis, treatment of, B Balanced steady state free precession angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, 342 Balloon(s) cutting, in superficial femoral artery disease drug-coated, in superficial femoral artery disease Balloon angioplasty based approaches, to superficial femoral artery disease, cryoplasty, 387 cutting balloons, 387 drug-coated balloons, Beam pitch, CTA, 333 Bioabsorbable stents, in superficial femoral artery disease management, Biological therapies, for CLI, update on, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Black-blood noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRA), in vascular disease diagnosis, Bright-blood noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRA), in vascular disease diagnosis, See also Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in vascular disease diagnosis, bright-blood MRA. Buerger disease, of lower extremities, CTA of, C Carotid angiography, noncontrast MRA in, Catheter(s). See specific types. Chronic total occlusions (CTOs), management of, crossing devices in, CROSSER catheter, FRONTRUNNER XP CTO catheter, Wildcat catheter, technique, Cilostazol, in intermittent claudication management, 374 cardiology.theclinics.com

2 480 Index Claudication, intermittent, medical management of, See also Intermittent claudication, medical management of. CLI. See Critical limb ischemia (CLI). Common femoral artery disease, management of, Complementary therapies, in intermittent claudication management, 375 Computed tomography angiography (CTA) beam pitch in, 333 for lower-extremity imaging clinical applications, aneurysms, 337 artifacts, Buerger disease, endovascular graft evaluation, PAD, stent evaluation, vasculitis, pitfalls related to, in PAD, 325 advances in, technological, approach to lower-extremity imaging, general acquisition protocol for, image postprocessing, 334 image reconstruction at scanner console, 334 radiation dose reduction techniques relevant to, 333 scanner for, modes of, Computer tomography (CT), scanner for attenuation data from, for image reconstruction, 332 components of, Continuous wave Doppler, in PAD, Covered stents, Nitinol stent grafts and, in superficial Critical limb ischemia (CLI) chronic diagnostic approach to, management of angioplasty/stenting in, principles of, 397 aortoiliac intervention in, atherectomy in, CTOs, See also Chronic total occlusions (CTOs), management of. devices in OUTBACK LTD re-entry catheter, 407 Pioneer catheter, 407 true lumen reentry devices, 407 drug-eluting stents in infrainguinal disease, 408 femoropopliteal intervention in, 398 goals of, hybrid revascularization in, 408 infrageniculate intervention in, 398 percutaneous, See also Critical limb ischemia (CLI), chronic, management of. perspective on, subintimal angioplasty in infrainguinal disease, risk factors for, medical management of, 396 clinical trials for design of, 412 future considerations in, 416 efficacy end points in, 412 obstacles related to, 412 patient population for, 412 results of, gene therapy related, stem cell therapy related, defined, 412 described, 395, management of, biological therapies for, update on, See also Biological therapies, for CLI, update on. patient population with, 412 CROSSER catheter in aortoiliac occlusion management, 382 in CTO management, Cryoplasty, in superficial femoral artery disease CTA. See Computed tomography angiography (CTA). CTOs. See Chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Cutting balloons, in superficial femoral artery disease D Debulking, in superficial femoral artery disease Diabetes mellitus, PAD due to, 367 Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), in PAD, 325 Drug(s), in intermittent claudication management, 374 Drug-coated balloons, in superficial femoral artery disease Drug-eluting stents in infrainguinal disease, 408 in superficial femoral artery disease management, 388 DSA. See Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Duplex ultrasonography, in PAD, E ECG. See Electrocardiography (ECG). Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire, 320 Electrocardiography (ECG)-gated 3D partial-fourier fast spin-echo angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, 343 Endovascular grafts, of lower extremities, evaluation of, CTA in,

3 Index 481 Endovascular therapy, for aortoiliac disease, advances in, Excimer laser, in superficial femoral artery disease Excisional and rotational atherectomy, in superficial femoral artery disease management, 390 Exercise central cardiac response to, heart rate response to, Exercise intolerance, importance of, improving of, interventions for, pathophysiology of, central and peripheral vascular contributions in, central cardiac response to exercise in, heart rate response to exercise in, symptoms of, causes of, Exercise programs, in intermittent claudication management, 373 Exercise reserve, ventricular arterial stiffening and, in heart failure, Exercise treadmill based endpoints, in PAD clinical trials, alternate surrogate endpoints, measures to mitigate variability in baseline performance, mechanisms of improvement in placebo arm, optimizing drug development with surrogates, 424 F Femoral artery disease common, management of, iliofemoral, percutaneous management of, advances in, superficial, percutaneous management of, advances in, Flow-based indices, in PAD clinical trials, FRONTRUNNER XP CTO catheter in aortoiliac occlusion management, 382 in CTO management, G Gadolinium, for MRA, NSF and, 344 Gene therapy, for CLI, clinical trials of, results of, H Heart failure ventricular vascular interaction in, deconstructing afterload, 449 described, ventricular arterial coupling, ventricular arterial stiffening, exercise reserve and, management of, therapeutic strategies in, pathophysiology of, ventricular vascular stiffening, mechanisms of, with preserved ejection fraction, ventricular arterial stiffening in, with renal artery ischemia, management of, See also Renal artery ischemia, heart failure with, management of. Heart rate, response to exercise, Hybrid revascularization, in chronic CLI management, 408 Hydrospectral imaging, in PAD, Hyperlipidemia, PAD due to, Hypertension, PAD due to, 367, 370 I Iliofemoral femoral artery disease, percutaneous management of, advances in, Infrainguinal disease drug-eluting stents in, 408 subintimal angioplasty in, Intermittent claudication, medical management of, See also Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). angiogenic growth factors in, 374 complementary therapies in, 375 exercise programs in, 373 pharmacologic, 374 second-line agents in, 374 Intravascular ultrasonography, in PAD, 325 Ischemia(s) critical limb, chronic, See also Critical limb ischemia (CLI), chronic. renal artery, heart failure with, management of, See also Renal artery ischemia, heart failure with, management of. L Laser(s), excimer, in superficial femoral artery disease Lower extremities, imaging of CTA approach to, noncontrast MRA in, M Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) gadolinium use for, NSF and, 344 in PAD, 323, 325

4 482 Index Magnetic (continued) noncontrast, in vascular disease diagnosis, See also Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in vascular disease diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based indices, in PAD clinical trials, 425 Metabolic indices, in PAD clinical trials, MRA. See Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). N Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), gadolinium use for MRA and, 344 Nitinol self-expanding stents, in superficial femoral artery disease 388 Nitinol stent grafts, covered stents and, in superficial Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) applications of, carotid angiography, lower-extremity angiography, renal angiography, thoracic angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, black-blood MRA, D-variable flip-angle FSE angiography, bright-blood MRA, ASL angiography, 343 balanced steady state free precession angiography, 342 ECG-gated 3D partial-fourier fast spin-echo angiography, 343 phase-contrast angiography, 342 TOF angiography, NSF. See Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). O OUTBACK LTD re-entry catheter, in CTO management, 407 MRI-based indices, 425 PET based indices of flow, exercise treadmill based endpoints, See also Exercise treadmill based endpoints, in PAD clinical trials. perspectives on, risk assessment in, 429 described, , 363, diagnostic approach to, , ABI in, 321 continuous wave Doppler in, CTA in, 325, See also Computed tomography angiography (CTA), in PAD. DSA in, 325 duplex ultrasonography in, hydrospectral imaging in, intravascular ultrasonography in, 325 MRA in, 323, 325 PET in, 325 pulse volume recording in, epidemiology of, of lower extremities, CTA of, risk factors for, 364, antiplatelet therapy, diabetes mellitus, 367 emerging, 373 hyperlipidemia, hypertension, 367, 370 management of, smoking, treatment of, overall approach to, PET. See Positron emission tomography (PET). Phase-contrast angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, 342 Pioneer catheter, in CTO management, 407 Plaque removal, in superficial femoral artery disease Plethysmography, air, in PAD, Positron emission tomography (PET), in PAD, 325 Positron emission tomography (PET) based indices of flow, in PAD clinical trials, Pulse volume recording, in PAD, P PAD. See Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, for upper extremity arterial occlusive disease, 357, 359 Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) clinical presentation of, clinical trials for optimizing design and endpoints of emerging imaging-based surrogates, flow-based indices, metabolic indices, R RAAS. See Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Reentry devices in aortoiliac occlusion management, true lumen, in CTO management, 407 Renal angiography, noncontrast MRA in, Renal artery ischemia, heart failure with described, imaging of, management of, described, RAAS in,

5 Index 483 screening criteria for, 441 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), in renal artery ischemia with heart failure, Rose Angina and Claudication Questionnaire, 320 Rotational atherectomy, in superficial femoral artery disease management, 390 S Smoking cessation, in PAD management, Stem cell therapy, for CLI, clinical trials of, results of, Stent(s) bioabsorbable, in superficial femoral artery disease management, covered, Nitinol stent grafts and, in superficial drug-eluting in infrainguinal disease management, 408 in superficial femoral artery disease management, 388 for chronic CLI, principles of, 397 in superficial femoral artery disease management, advances in, nitinol self-expanding, in superficial femoral artery disease 388 of lower extremities, evaluation of, CTA in, percutaneous, in upper extremity arterial occlusive disease management, 359 Subintimal angioplasty, in infrainguinal disease, Superficial femoral artery disease endovascular treatment for, advances in, balloon angioplasty based approaches, described, plaque removal or debulking, stents, percutaneous management of, advances in, T Thoracic angiography, noncontrast MRA in, D-variable flip-angle FSE angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, Thrombectomy/fibrinolysis, for upper extremity arterial occlusive disease, 359 Time-of-flight (TOF) angiography, in vascular disease diagnosis, TOF angiography. See Time-of-flight (TOF) angiography. True lumen reentry devices, in CTO management, 407 U Ultrasonography continuous wave Doppler, in PAD, duplex, in PAD, intravascular, in PAD, 325 Upper extremity arterial occlusive disease described, 351 diagnosis of, invasive angiography in, 354 noninvasive testing in, patient history in, physical examination in, 352 pathophysiology of, 351 risk factors for, 351 treatment of, invasive, indications for, 354 percutaneous therapy in access site for, 355 advances in, complications of, equipment for, 357 percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, 357, 359 periprocedural pharmacotherapy, stenting, 359 thrombectomy/fibrinolysis, 359 surgical, 355 V Vascular disease(s), diagnosis of, noncontrast MRA in, See also Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in vascular disease diagnosis. Vasculitis, of lower extremities, CTA of, Ventricular arterial coupling, in heart failure, Ventricular arterial stiffening, in heart failure exercise reserve and, pathophysiology of, diastolic effects, systolic effects, vascular effects, 455 with preserved ejection fraction, Ventricular vascular interaction, in heart failure, See also Heart failure, ventricular vascular interaction in. Ventricular vascular stiffening, in heart failure, mechanisms of, W Wildcat catheter, in CTO management,