Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal pain, in ischemic bowel syndrome, , 158 Abdominal vein thrombosis, Ablative therapy for atrial fibrillation, 53 for atrial flutter, 55 for supraventricular tachycardia, 60 Acute coronary syndrome anticoagulants for, clinical presentation of, 2 3 non ST-elevation (STEMI), 3, ST-elevation (STEMI), 3, 9 10 treatment of, 7 11 ADAM (Aneurysm Detection and Management) trial, 170 ADOPT trial, for venous thromboembolism prevention, ADVANCE trials, for venous thromboembolism prevention, AFFIRM (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management), 47 Agatson score, for coronary artery disease, 6 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, hyperlipidemia report of, 205 Alcohol consumption, in heart failure, 32 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, 223 Aldosterone antagonists for cardiomyopathy, 226 for heart failure, 26, 28 ALLHAT (Anti-hypertensive Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial), 189 Ambulatory monitoring for heart failure, 21 for hypertension, Amiodarone, for atrial fibrillation, Amlodipine, for coronary artery disease, 13 Amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy in, Anemia, in heart failure, Aneurysm Detection and Management (ADAM) trial, 170 Aneurysms, aortic, Angina pectoris clinical presentation of, 2 treatment of, Angiography. See also Computed tomography angiography. for coronary artery disease, 6 7 for heart failure, 21 Prim Care Clin Office Pract 40 (2013) primarycare.theclinics.com /13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 238 Angioplasty for coronary artery disease, for ischemic bowel syndrome, 167 for peripheral arterial disease, for vertebral artery disease, 146 Angiotensin receptor blockers for cardiomyopathy, 225 for coronary artery disease, 12 for heart failure, 25, 28 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for cardiomyopathy, 225 for coronary artery disease, 12 for heart failure, Ankle brachial index, in hypertension, 184 Antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation, for heart failure, 30 Antibiotics, for infective endocarditis, 104 Anticoagulants, clinical uses of, for atrial fibrillation, for cardiomyopathy, 226 for venous thromboembolism, history of, mechanism of action of, overview of, 112 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of, practical management of, Antidepressants, for heart failure, 34 Anti-hypertensive Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 189 Antiplatelet drugs for carotid and vertebral artery disease, 143 for heart failure, 31 Aorta aneurysms of, coarctation of, 184 dissection of, 173 Aortic valve bicuspid, 93 calcific, regurgitation of, replacement of, stenosis of, Apixaban for acute coronary syndrome, for atrial fibrillation, 49, for venous thromboembolism prevention, pharmacokinetics of, 113, 115 reversal of, 132 Apoproteins, genetic defects of, 199 APPRAISE trials, for acute coronary syndrome,

3 239 ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction of Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation), 49, 128 Arrhythmias, See also specific arrhythmias. in heart failure, 18, 30 Aspirin for acute coronary syndrome, 7 for atrial fibrillation, 48 for coronary artery disease, for heart failure, 31 for pericardial effusion, for pericarditis, 217 for peripheral arterial disease, 174 for venous thromboembolism prevention, 87 ASTEROID study, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Atenolol, for atrial fibrillation, 50 ATHENA trial, for atrial fibrillation, 53 Atherosclerosis calcium plaques in, 6 in carotid arteries, in hyperlipidemia, 200 in ischemic bowel syndrome, in renal arteries, 183 ATLAS trials, for acute coronary syndrome, 129 Atorvastatin for coronary artery disease, 13 for hyperlipidemia, 203 Atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants for, 122, classification of, 44 clinical features of, diagnosis of, 47 epidemiology of, 44 in heart failure, 34 mechanism of, pathophysiology of, risk factors for, treatment of, Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM), 47 Atrial flutter, Atrial tachycardia, multifocal, Atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia, Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, Automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators for cardiomyopathy, for heart failure, 24 for ventricular tachycardia, AVERROES trial, for atrial fibrillation, 127 B Balloon angioplasty, for coronary artery disease, Balloon valvuloplasty, for mitral stenosis, 101

4 240 Batista procedure, for heart failure, 23 Beta blockers for acute coronary syndrome, 8 for atrial fibrillation, 50 for cardiomyopathy, 225 for coronary artery disease, 12 for heart failure, 25, Bicuspid aortic valve, 93 Bile acid sequestrants, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Bisoprolol for cardiomyopathy, 225 for heart failure, 27 Blood culture, for infective endocarditis, Blood pressure measurement, Bowel, ischemia of, B-type natriuretic peptide, in heart failure, 21 Bumetanide, for heart failure, 27 C Calcific aortic valve, Calcium channel blockers for heart failure, 30 for supraventricular tachycardia, 59 Calcium scans, for coronary artery disease, 6 Canadian Hypertension Education Program, 181 Cancer, pericardial effusion in, 221 Candesartan, for heart failure, 26 Captopril, for heart failure, 26 Cardiac catheterization for coronary artery disease, 6 7 for heart failure, 21 Cardiac resynchronization therapy for cardiomyopathy, 226 for heart failure, 24 Cardiac tamponade, in pericarditis, 216 Cardiomyopathy(ies), classification of, 222 dilated, 46, hypertrophic, 47, in atrial flutter, 54 mitral regurgitation in, 100 myocarditis, pericarditis, prevention of, 63 restrictive, Cardiovascular disease anticoagulants for. See Anticoagulants. aortic, arrhythmias. See Arrhythmias. cardiomyopathies. See Cardiomyopathy(ies).

5 carotid artery, coronary artery disease, 1 16 heart failure. See Heart failure. heart valve, hyperlipidemia and, hypertension, 5, 46, ischemic bowel syndromes, peripheral artery, venous thromboembolism, 73 90, vertebral artery, Cardioversion for atrial fibrillation, for atrial flutter, 54 for supraventricular tachycardia, 59 Carotid artery and vertebral artery disease, atherosclerosis in, 136 clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, dissection, treatment of, Carotid massage, for supraventricular tachycardia, 59 Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST), Carvedilol for cardiomyopathy, 225 for heart failure, 27 Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, 53 for atrial flutter, 55 Cerebral vein thrombosis, 82 CHADS (cardiac failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke) score, 48 CHARISMA (Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance) trial, 144 Chemotherapy, cardiomyopathy in, 224 Chest pain in acute coronary syndrome, 2 in pericarditis, 214 Chocolate, for heart failure, 32 Cholesterol, elevated. See Hyperlipidemia. Cholestipol, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Cholestyramine, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Cliostazol, for peripheral arterial disease, 174 Clofibrate, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial, 144 Coagulation cascade, Coarctation, aortic, hypertension in, 184 Coenzyne Q10, for heart failure, 32 Colchicin for pericardial effusion, for pericarditis, 217 Colesevelam, for hyperlipidemia,

6 242 Colitis, in ischemic bowel syndrome, 159 Complementary and alternative medicine for heart failure, for hyperlipidemia, Compression stockings, for postthrombotic syndrome, 85 Computed tomography, for pericarditis, 215 Computed tomography angiography for carotid and vertebral artery disease, 138, for ischemic bowel syndrome, 156 for venous thromboembolism, Conduction mechanisms, aberrant, Congestive heart failure. See Heart failure. Constrictive pericarditis, Continuous positive airway pressure, in heart failure, 35 Coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease, for heart failure, 23 Coronary artery disease, 1 16 chronic, clinical presentation of, 2 4 diagnosis of, 5 7 epidemiology of, 1 2 risk factors for, 4 5 treatment of, 7 15 CREST (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial), Cryoablation, for atrial fibrillation, 53 Cushing syndrome, hypertension in, Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, for heart failure, 31 D Dabigatran adverse effects of, 131 for atrial fibrillation, 48, , 126 for venous thromboembolism prevention, 87 88, , 120 for venous thromboembolism treatment, 122 pharmacokinetics of, 111, practical management of, Darbepoetin, for anemia, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension) eating plan, 181 D-dimer, in venous thromboembolism, 76 77, Deep venous thromboembolism. See Venous thromboembolism. Defibrillators for cardiomyopathy, for heart failure, 24 for ventricular tachycardia, Dental procedures, infective endocarditis and, 103 Depression, in heart failure, 34 Diabetes mellitus heart failure with, hypertension with, 189 Diaphoresis, in acute coronary syndrome, 2

7 243 Diarrhea, in ischemic bowel syndrome, Diet, for heart failure, 23 Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension (DASH) eating plan, 181 Digital subtraction angiography, for carotid and vertebral artery disease, Digoxin for cardiomyopathy, 226 for heart failure, 27, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Diltiazem for atrial fibrillation, 50 for coronary artery disease, 13 Disease-based management programs, for heart failure, 32 Dissection of aorta, 173 of carotid and vertebral arteries, Diuretics for cardiomyopathy, 225 for heart failure, 27 Dobutamine, for heart failure, 30 Dopamine, for heart failure, 30 Dor technique, for heart failure, 23 Doxorubicin, cardiomyopathy induced by, 224 Dronedarone, for atrial fibrillation, Drugs, cardiomyopathy induced by, 224 Dyslipidemia. See Hyperlipidemia. Dyspnea, in heart failure, 18 E Echocardiography for aortic regurgitation, for aortic stenosis, 94 for atrial fibrillation, 47 for cardiomyopathy, for coronary artery disease, 5 for heart failure, 19 for mitral regurgitation, for pericardial effusion, 221 for pericarditis, , 218 for premature ventricular beats, 61 Edoxaban for atrial fibrillation, for venous thromboembolism prevention, pharmacokinetics of, 113, 115 reversal of, 132 EINSTEIN trials, for venous thromboembolism treatment, 122, Ejection fraction, in heart failure, 19 Elderly persons, heart failure in, 35 Electrical cardioversion, for atrial fibrillation, 50 Electrocardiography for atrial fibrillation, 47

8 244 Electrocardiography (continued) for atrial flutter, 54 for coronary artery disease, 2 3, 5 for heart failure, 21 for pericarditis, , for supraventricular tachycardia, for ventricular tachycardia, 62 Embolectomy, for ischemic bowel syndrome, 157 Enalapril, for heart failure, 26 Endarterectomy, carotid, Endocarditis, infective, in valvular heart disease, Endocrine disorders, hypertension in, 183, 185 Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) trial, 171 Endovascular therapy for aortic aneurysms, 173 for ischemic bowel syndrome, 157, 160, 162 for peripheral arterial disease, Eplerenone, for heart failure, 26, 28 Erectile dysfunction, in heart failure, 35 Ethacrynic acid, for heart failure, 27, 29 EVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) trial, 171 Exercise for heart failure, 23 for hypertension, 181 for peripheral arterial disease, 174 Exercise tests for aortic stenosis, for coronary artery disease, 5 for heart failure, Ezetimibe, for hyperlipidemia, 205 F Factor IIA inhibitors, 111, Factor Xa inhibitors, Familial dilated cardiomyopathy, 223 Familial dyslipidemia, 199 Fibric acids, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Fibromuscular dysplasia, of renal arteries, 183 Fish oil for heart failure, 31 for hyperlipidemia, 205 Flecainide, for atrial fibrillation, 51 Fluid restriction, for heart failure, 23 Fosinopril, for heart failure, 26 Friction rub, in pericarditis, 214 Furosemide, for heart failure, 27, 29 G Gemfibrozil, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Generic factors, in venous thromboembolism, 74, 79

9 245 Genetic factors, in hyperlipidemia, 198 Golden hour, in acute coronary syndromes, 9 Growth factors, for coronary artery disease, 15 H Hawthorne, for heart failure, 31 Heart, transplantation of, for heart failure, Heart block, atrial flutter in, 53 Heart failure, cardiomyopathy in, classification of, 19 comorbidities with, diagnosis of, etiology of, 18 in older adults, 35 incidence of, 18 natural history of, 18 signs and symptoms of, treatment of complementary and alternative, devices for, 24 lifestyle interventions for, palliative, 35 pharmacologic, programs for, surgical, Heart valve disease. See Valvular heart disease. Heparin, for venous thromboembolism, Hepatic vein thrombosis, 83 Hibernating myocardium, 15 Holter monitoring, for atrial fibrillation, 47 Hydralazine, for heart failure, Hydrochlorothiazide, for heart failure, 27, 29 Hypercholesterolemia. See Hyperlipidemia. Hypereosinophilia, cardiomyopathy in, Hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease risk in, classification of, 198 definition of, 196 diagnosis of, evaluation of, genetic causes of, 199 guidelines for, 196 risk factors for, significance of, 196 treatment of, Hyperparaldosteronism, hypertension in, Hypertension, atrial fibrillation in, 46 blood pressure measurement for,

10 246 Hypertension (continued) classification of, diabetes mellitus with, 189 diagnosis of, epidemiology of, guidelines for, in African Americans, 189 in pediatric patients, 187 in stress tests, 5 kidney disease with, lifestyle modifications for, 181 resistant, screening for, 180 secondary, target organ damage in, 182 Hyperthyroidism, hypertension in, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Hyponatremia, in heart failure, 22 Hypothyroidism hyperlipidemia in, 198 secondary, 198 I Ibutilide, for atrial fibrillation, 51 Infective endocarditis, in valvular heart disease, Influenza vaccination, in heart failure, 31 Inotropes, for heart failure, 30 Insulin resistance, in heart failure, Intermittent claudication, in peripheral arterial disease, 173 Intestine, ischemia of, Ischemic bowel syndrome, acute mesenteric, chronic mesenteric, Isosorbide dinitrate, for heart failure, K Kidney dysfunction atrial fibrillation in, 47 hypertension in, , in heart failure, 33 L Left atrial appendage occluders, for atrial fibrillation, 49 Left ventricular assist devices, for heart failure, Left ventricular ejection fraction, in heart failure, 19 Lifestyle modifications for aortic aneurysm, 171 for carotid and vertebral artery disease, 143

11 247 for coronary artery disease, 4 for heart failure, for hyperlipidemia, 202 for hypertension, 181 Lipid-lowering drugs. See also Statins. for heart failure, Lipoproteins, disorders of. See Hyperlipidemia. Lisinopril, for heart failure, 26 Lung, pulmonary embolism sequelae in, 85 M MADIT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial), 64, 227 MAGELLAN trial, for venous thromboembolism prevention, 121 Magnesium monitoring, in heart failure, 22 Magnetic resonance angiography, for carotid and vertebral artery disease, 138, Magnetic resonance imaging for coronary artery disease, 6 for myocarditis, 231 Management of Atherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack or Ischaemic Stroke (MATCH), 144 Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area cohort, for atrial flutter, 53 MATCH (Management of Atherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack or Ischaemic Stroke), 144 Mesenteric ischemia acute, chronic, Mesenteric vein thrombosis, 82 Metolazone, for heart failure, 27, 29 Metoprolol for atrial fibrillation, 50 for cardiomyopathy, 225 for heart failure, Mind-body exercises, for heart failure, 32 Minimally invasive surgery, coronary artery bypass, Mitral valve regurgitation of, repair of, 23, stenosis of, 101 Morphine, for acute coronary syndrome, 8 Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT), 64, 227 Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT), 64 Multifocal atrial tachycardia, Multiple-gated acquisition scan, for coronary artery disease, 6 Murmurs. See also Valvular heart disease. characteristics of, 92 MUSTT (Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial), 64 Myocardial infarction clinical presentation of, 2 3 treatment of, 7 11 Myocardial ischemia, silent, 3 4

12 248 Myocardial perfusion imaging, for coronary artery disease, 5 6 Myocarditis, Myocardium, hibernating, 15 N National Cholesterol Education Panel standards, 196 National Standard Research Collaboration, 204 Neurologic disorders, in carotid artery disease, New York Heart Association, heart failure classification of, 19 Nicotinic acid, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Nifedipne, for coronary artery disease, 13 Nitrates for acute coronary syndrome, 8 for coronary artery disease, Nitroglycerin, for coronary artery disease, 13 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heart failure, 31 for pericarditis, 217 Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, O Obesity, atrial fibrillation in, 47 Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension in, 184 Omega-3 fatty acids, for hyperlipidemia, 205 Orthopedic surgery, thromboembolism prevention in, anticoagulants for, Oxygen therapy, for acute coronary syndrome, 9 P Pacemakers for cardiomyopathy, 226 for heart failure, 24 PALLAS (Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Outcome Study Using Dronedarone on Top of Standard Therapy) trial, 53 Palliative care, for heart failure, 35 PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) trial, 96 Patient education, for heart failure, Pediatric patients, hypertension in, 184, 187 Pentoxiphyllin, for peripheral arterial disease, Percutaneous coronary intervention, for coronary artery disease, Pericardial effusion, in pericarditis, 215 Pericardiectomy, for pericarditis, 217, 219 Pericarditis, acute, constrictive, pericardial effusion in, recurrent, 217

13 249 Perindopril, for heart failure, 26 Peripartum cardiomyopathy, 223 Peripheral arterial disease, Pheochromocytoma, hypertension in, 184 Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) trial, 96 Pneumococcal vaccination, in heart failure, 31 Portal vein thrombosis, 83 Postthrombotic syndrome, 85 Potassium monitoring, in heart failure, 22 Premature ventricular beats, 60 61, 224 Pretest probability, of venous thromboembolism, 76 Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS), 144 PRoFESS (Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes), 144 Propafenone, for atrial fibrillation, 51 Propranolol, for atrial fibrillation, 50 PROTECT AF (WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic protection in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) trial, 49 Pulmonary embolism atrial fibrillation in, 47 diagnosis of, 77 78, 80 Pulmonic valve disease, 102 Pulsus paradoxus, in pericardial effusion, 221 Q Quinapril, for heart failure, 26 R RACE (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation) trial, 47 Radiofrequency ablation, for atrial fibrillation, 53 Radiography for ischemic bowel syndrome, 156 for pericarditis, 215 Ramipril, for heart failure, 26 Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY), 48, 122, 126 Rate control for atrial fibrillation, 49 for atrial flutter, 54 for multifocal atrial tachycardia, 56 Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RACE) trial, 47 RECORD trials, for venous thromboembolism prevention, , 120 RE-COVER trials, for venous thromboembolism treatment, Reentry, in supraventricular tachycardia, RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy), 48, 122, 126 RE-MOBILIZE trials, for venous thromboembolism prevention, RE-MODEL trials, for venous thromboembolism prevention, Renal artery stenosis, Renal vein thrombosis, 82 RE-NOVATE trials, for venous thromboembolism prevention, 115, 117, 120 RE-SONATE trials, for venous thromboembolism treatment, Restrictive cardiomyopathy,

14 250 Resynchronization therapy for cardiomyopathy, 226 for heart failure, 24 Revascularization for ischemic bowel syndrome, 157, 161 for peripheral arterial disease, 174 Reversal catheters, in carotid stenting, Rhythm control for atrial fibrillation, for atrial flutter, Rivaroxaban for acute coronary syndrome, for atrial fibrillation, 48 49, 126, 128 for venous thromboembolism prevention, 87 88, 117, for venous thromboembolism treatment, 122, pharmacokinetics of, ROCKET-AF (Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial), 48 49, 122, Rosuvastatin, for hyperlipidemia, 203 S SCD-HeFT (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial), 64, 227 Sinus rhythm, maintenance of, for atrial fibrillation, Sitosterolemia, 199 Sleep apnea, in heart failure, 35 Sodium depletion of, in heart failure, 22 restriction of for heart failure, 23 for hypertension, 181 Sotalol for atrial fibrillation, 52 for supraventricular tachycardia, 60 SPARCL (Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels) trial, 144 Spironolactone, for heart failure, 26, 28 Statins for carotid and vertebral artery disease, 143 for coronary artery disease, 13 for hyperlipidemia, , Stem cells, for coronary artery disease, 15 Stents carotid, coronary artery, for ischemic bowel syndrome, 160, 162 vertebral artery, 146 Stress tests for coronary artery disease, 5 for heart failure, Stroke in atrial fibrillation, prevention of, in carotid artery disease,

15 251 in hypertension, 182 in vertebral artery disease, Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial, 144 Sudden cardiac death, 4 Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), 64, 227 Supraventricular tachycardia, T Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, 223 Tai chi, for heart failure, 32 Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 224 Telemanagement, for heart failure, 33 Thoracic aortic aneurysms, Thromboembolism in ischemic bowel syndrome, venous. See Venous thromboembolism. Thrombolytic therapy, for coronary artery disease, 9 10 Thrombosis. See also Venous thromboembolism. in atrial fibrillation, 46 Thyroid dysfunction, hypertension in, Tnrombophila testing, 87 Torsemide, for heart failure, 27 Trandolapril, for heart failure, 26 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 96 Transient ischemic attack, in carotid artery disease, 137 Transplantation, heart, for heart failure, Treadmill exercise stress test, for coronary artery disease, 5 Tricuspid valve disease, 102 Triglycerides, elevated. See Hyperlipidemia. Troponin, in acute coronary syndrome, 2 U Ultrasonography for carotid and vertebral artery disease, , 142 for venous thromboembolism, 77 Unstable angina clinical presentation of, 2 treatment of, Upper extremity, venous thromboembolism of, 82 V Vaccination, in heart failure, 31 Vagal maneuvers, for supraventricular tachycardia, 59 Valsartan, for heart failure, 26 Valvular heart disease, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation in, cardiomyopathy in, infective endocarditis in,

16 252 Valvular (continued) mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, 101 murmurs in, 92 physical examination for, 92 pulmonic, 102 tricuspid, 102 Vascular disease, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery, Vasodilators, for heart failure, Venous thromboembolism, complications of, 85 diagnosis of, 74, in different sites, incidence of, 73 prevention of, 85 87, recurrent, risk factors for, 73 75, treatment of, 83 85, 87 88, Ventricle, left, reconstruction of, for heart failure, 23 Ventricular arrhythmias, Ventricular tachycardia, Verapamil for atrial fibrillation, 50 for coronary artery disease, 13 for ventricular tachycardia, 65 Vertebral artery and carotid artery diseases. See Carotid artery and vertebral artery disease. Viral cardiomyopathy, 223 Viral infections, myocarditis in, Vitamin D, for heart failure, 32 Vitamin K antagonists, 111, 113 Vomiting, in ischemic bowel syndrome, W Warfarin for atrial fibrillation, 34, for cardiomyopathy, 226 pharmacokinetics of, 111 practical management of, reversal of, WATCHMAN device, for atrial fibrillation, 49 Weight loss for hyperlipidemia, 202 for hypertension, 181 in ischemic bowel syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 57 Y Yoga, for heart failure, 32