EARLY DEGENERATED BIOPROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "EARLY DEGENERATED BIOPROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE"

Transcription

1 10 CASE PRESENTATIONS EARLY DEGENERATED BIOPROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE Irina-Mihaela Ciomaga, Georgiana Russu, Cristina Jitareanu, Violeta Streanga, Aniela Rugina, Nicolai Nistor Sf. Maria Emergency Hospital for Children, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi ABSTRACT Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is fairly common in children, often being randomly found in asymptomatic, as well as in symptomatic patients with conjunctive tissue diseases (CTD). The authors report the case of an 11-yearold girl, diagnosed at the age of 6 with MVP and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). She had surgery at the age of seven, when the mitral valve replacement with a biological valve prosthesis was performed. Four years later, the girl was admitted for sudden onset of dyspnoea with orthopnoea, haemoptysis and generalized cyanosis. The diagnosis of acute pulmonary oedema and degenerated biological valvular prosthesis correlated with severe mitral stenosis was evoked by means of clinical and echocardiographic examinations. The evolution was favourable after the replacement of the bioprosthesis with a mechanical prosthesis. Keywords: bioprosthesis, mitral valve, child INTRODUCTION The mitral valve ring is nonplanar and saddleshaped. Usually, the valvular leaflets are shoved towards each other by the papillary muscles contraction and by the chordae tension during ventricular systolic, which leads to the coaptation of the edges of the valve. The valvular prolapse occurs when one valve slides under this coaptation area. The idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) can occur congenitally, but it is often diagnosed later during adolescence or adulthood. Some of the complications may include arrhythmias, heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation (MR) or, sometimes, thromboembolic events. Familial cases are autosomally dominant with variable penetrance and expression. Treatment is directed by the presence or the absence of complications. Thus, the asymptomatic cases presenting minimal MR do not require medical treatment, but those with ventricular dysfunction and severe MR require surgical treatment. CASE We present the case of a female child, aged 11 years old, diagnosed at age of 6 with mitral valve prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation. When she was 7, she underwent the replacement of the mitral valve with tissue valve prosthesis which was performed at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation from Târgu Mureş. The procedure was followed by chronic treatment with anticoagulants (Sintrom, Aspenter). Four years after inserting the prosthetic valve, the girl presented sudden dyspnea, orthopnea, hemoptysis and generalized cyanosis. She was admitted to the pediatric ward of a county hospital and she was treated with antibiotics (Cefort), mucolytics and cortisone preparations for 7 days. Symptoms initially improved but eventually got worse, so that pulmonary embolism was suspected and the patient was transferred to Acute Care Department of 1-st Pediatrics Clinic from Iaşi. Corresponding author: Georgiana Russu, Sf. Maria Children s Emergency Hospital, 62 Vasile Lupu Street, Iasi g_russu@yahoo.com 276 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN 2014

2 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN On admission, physical examination revealed severe general condition, suffering face, pale skin and mucous membranes, postoperative scar on the mid-sternal line, significant dyspnea and orthopnea, respiratory frequency = 56/min, productive cough, hypoxemia SaO 2 = 85-89% in the atmospheric air. The pulmonary auscultation revealed bilateral crepitation rales, rhythmic heart sounds, tachycardia 130/min, systolic murmur grade III/6 at the apex with posterior radiation, normal liver. The biological exam highlighted neutrophilic leukocytosis, mild hepatocytolisis, elevated creatinphosphokinase level, elongated prothrombin time and decreased prothrombin activity due to the anticoagulant treatment. Chest X-ray showed adjoining macro-opacities occupying almost entirely the both pulmonary areas, bulging cord with right lower arch, normal vascular pedicle. ECG showed sinus tachycardia 140/minute, QRS axis of + 90, PQ = 0.12 sec; ST depression (4 mm) in the PRD, DIII, AVF, V3-V5; biatrial overload; QT = 0.28 sec (normal). Echocardiography performed by emergency (see Fig. 1) showed hyperechoeic prosthesis in dysfunctional mitral position, limited opening, creating severe stenosis and grade III mitral regurgitation, significant dilatation of the pulmonary artery and right heart, grade III tricuspid regurgitation. Positive diagnose was established: acute pulmonary oedema, severe mitral stenosis by degenerated bioprosthesis, pulmonary hypertension. The patient was urgently transferred to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Iasi, where the replacement of bioprosthesis with a mechanical prosthesis was immediately performed. The postoperative evolution was favourable, overall condition improved, yet a complication occured: an externally popliteal sciatic nerve paresis,which was cured through physiotherapy. DISCUSSIONS Classic MVP is defined as the displacement of one or both leaflets during systole, exceeding the mitral valve annular plane with 2 mm or more under the mitral ring, having as result leaflet thickening. Non-classic prolapse refers to leaflet displacement without valve thickening. The etiology of MVP is not clear and is probably multifactorial. It can result from excessive leaflet tissue (redundancy), myxomatous proliferation of the spongious layer of the valves, and elongation of the chordal apparatus. These alterations are met in the case of individuals with a wide range of congenital heart malformations as well as in acquired heart disease including collagen vascular disease (Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome), ischemic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pectus excavatum, as well as in the case of thin patients (1). Isolated prolapse can be sporadic or familial, with autosomal dominant and x-linked transmission. Prevalence rates are 1-2% in children and 5-15% in adolescents and young adults, twice more frequent in females than in males (2,3). FIGURE 1

3 278 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN 2014 MVP is usually diagnosed on the clinical basis of a mid-systolic click of the mitral valve and a late systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation. Most patients are asymptomatic, and MVP is an incidental auscultatory finding, when a short systolic murmur is discovered in the mitral area. In time, various symptoms can occur: palpitations, fatigability and exertion dyspnea, chest pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms (panic attacks, nervousness, presyncope and syncope). Some patients present skeletal abnormalities that do not fit into any of the recognized connective tissue disorders (height-toweight ratio greater than normal, scoliosis, arachnodactily, pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum) (4). Arrhythmias described at rest or during exercise include premature atrial (23.6%) or ventricular (27.3%) contractions, supraventricular tachycardia, and conduction abnormalities (5). Some studies report a prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias over 30% (6). Also, in 8-16% of the patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia, the only cardiac anomaly was MVP. There is a connection between MVP and sudden death (7,8). If the incidence of sudden death in MVP is not well established, the studies suggest that the risk is 5 or 10 times greater in the cases in which there is also severe mitral regurgitation. It is considered that the relation between MVP and sudden death is due to ventricular arrhythmias (9). In children, the mortality rate is very low. The appearance of mitral regurgitation (MR) and the progression from mild or moderate MR to severe MR are important determinants to morbidity. A study made by Deng showed that the prevalence of MR increased from 29% of patients to 43% of patients during the four years of observation (10). Other possible complications include congestive cardiac failure, rupture of chordae tendineae, infective endocarditis (in cases per 100 patient years), thromboembolic phenomena including cerebrovascular accidents, and sudden death. Cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are more common in MVP (2). In childhood, MVP is not progressive, and the majority of patients do not require specific therapy, but only periodic observation. Asymptomatic patients with isolated mitral systolic clicks need only counseling and reassurance. They are recommended to avoid excessive use of caffeine, cigarettes, alcohol, and prescription or over-the-counter drugs that contain stimulants such as epinephrine or ephedrine to minimize catecholamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) stimulation. The most recent recommendations have limited the indications of subacute bacterial endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis only to patients with the highest risk, undergoing the highest risk procedures. In this category one can include: patients with a prosthetic valve or a prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair, patients with previous endocarditis, patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease without surgical repair or with residual defects, palliative shunts or conduits, patients with congenital heart disease with complete repair with prosthetic material whether placed by surgery or by percutaneous technique, up to 6 months after the procedure and patients with a residual defect at the site of implantation of a prosthetic material or device by cardiac surgery or percutaneous technique. The antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for other valvular diseases or congenital heart diseases (11) The surgical treatment (plastic surgery of mitral valve or replacement with prosthesis) has precise indications established by the American and European guidelines: patients with moderate-severe MR, symptomatic patients with acute severe MR, symptomatic patients with severe chronic MR with cardiac failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV symptoms, asymptomatic patients with chronic severe MR and mildto-moderate LV dysfunction or with preserved LV function, new onset atrial fibrillation, or pulmonary artery hypertension. In the case of children, surgery is indicated only when the medical treatment or the mitral valve repair have failed. In the case of patients younger than one year, the mitral valve replacement must be delayed as much as possible because it is associated with substantially increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The mitral valve replacement has as a result the highest mortality from all the other pediatric valve procedures (10-30%) and it has the worst long-term prognosis between 5 and10 years the survival is between 50-80% (13). Bioprosthetic xenografts have been found to have limited durability at the mitral position in the case of children, with a mortality between 79%, 75% and 74% at 1, 5 and 10 years respectively. This suggests the idea that the most part of the cases of mortality occur in the immediate postoperative period. (14) Comparing with mechanic prosthetic valves, bioprosthetic valves have the distinct advantage of not needing lifelong anticoagulation, but only three months after the surgery. The tissue of origin is generally porcine with the exception of a bovine pericardial valve manufactured from fixed bovine

4 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN pericardium. Xenografted valves calcify when placed into the human circulation, ultimately leading to their failure. This calcification process appears to occur more rapidly in the case of younger patients. Structural deterioration of bioprosthetic valves is an inevitable consequence of their utilization in the humans. This incidence is nonlinear with deterioration and subsequent failure increasing at a greater rate after a certain period of time. In the case of children this time frame is often very short (14). Actual data show that the medium life of a bioprosthesis in the case of adult in15 years (15). The given case follows the general trend described in literature, that of premature deterioration of the mitral bioprosthesis, in the first four years. The replacement by a mechanical valve saved the life of the patient, with a slow favorable evolution after surgery. Anticoagulant treatment was recommended, with regular INR follow-up, which must be maintained at an optimal value of Another recommendation was the endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis. A peculiarity of the case is the external sciatic nerve paresis as a postoperative complication, alleviated through physiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The cases with MVP with severe MR, like the presented case, require surgery for mitral repair or replacement. The bioprosthesis offer the advantage of a short course of anticoagulant treatment, but has the major disadvantage of deterioration, as early as the patient is younger. REFERENCES 1. Tissot C., Cherian S., Buckvold S., Kalangos A. Aquired mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation, in Da Cruz E, Ivy D, Jaggers J (eds): Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology,Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care, Springer-Verlag London 2014: Venugopalan P. Pediatric Mitral Valve Prolapse, febr Sattur S., Bates S., Movahed M.R. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse and associated valvular regurgitations in healthy teenagers undergoing screening echocardiography. Exp Clin Cardiol 2010; 15:e Séguélaa P.E., Houyelb L., Acara P. Congenital malformations of the mitral valve. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease 2011, 104: Zuppiroli A., Mori F., Favilli S., Barchielli A., Corti G., Montereggi A., Dolara A. Arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse: relation to anterior mitral leafl et thickening, clinical variables, and color Doppler echocardiographic parameters. Am Heart J 1994; 128: Turker Y., Ozaydin M., Acar G., et al. Predictors of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010:26: Maron B.J., Epstein S.E., Roberts W.C. Causes of sudden death in competitive athletes. J Am CollCardiol. 1989; 7: Boudoulas H., Schaal S.F., Stang J.M., Fontana M.E., Kolibash A.J., Wooley C.F. Mitral valve prolapse: cardiac arrest with long-term survival. Int J Cardiol 1990; 26: Kligfield P., Levy D., Devereux R.B., Savage D.D. Arrhythmias and sudden death in mitral valve prolapse. Am Heart J 1987; 113: Deng Y.B., Takenaka K., Sakamoto T. et al. Follow-up in mitral valve prolapse by phonocardiography, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography, Am J Cardio 1990, 65 (5): Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009), The Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Eur Heart J (2009) 30, Vahanian A., Alfieri O., Andreotti F., Antunes M.J., Barón- Esquivias G., Baumgartner H., et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): The Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Eur Heart J. Oct 2012; 33 (19): Wearden P.D. Prosthetic valves, in Da Cruz E, Ivy D, Jaggers J (eds): Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology,Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care, Springer-Verlag London 2014: Caldarone C.A., Raghuveer G., Hills C.B. et al. Long-term survival after mitral valve replacement in children aged < 5 years: a multiinstitutional study. Circulation 2001, 104(12 Suppl 1):I143 I Suri R.M., Aviernos J.F., Dearani J.A. et al. Management of less-than-severe mitral regurgitation: should guidelines recommend earlier surgical intervention. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg. 2011, 40 (2):

5 10 PREZENTĂRI DE CAZ BIOPROTEZĂ VALVULARĂ MITRALĂ DEGENERATĂ PRECOCE Irina-Mihaela Ciomaga 1, Georgiana Russu 2, Cristina Jităreanu 2, Violeta Ştreangă 1, Aniela Rugină 1, Nicolai Nistor 1 1 Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Gr. T. Popa, Iaşi 2 Spitalul de Urgenţă pentru Copii Sf. Maria, Iaşi REZUMAT Prolapsul de valvă mitrală (PVM) este destul de frecvent întâlnit la copil, fi ind deseori o descoperire întâmplătoare la un copil asimptomatic, dar şi la copii simptomatici, cu boli ale ţesutului conjunctiv. Autorii raportează cazul unei fetiţe de 11 ani, diagnosticată la vârsta de 6 ani cu insufi cienţă mitrală severă prin prolaps de valvă mitrală şi operată la vârsta de 7 ani, când s-a practicat înlocuirea valvei mitrale cu o proteză valvulară biologică. La 4 ani de la protezarea valvulară, fetiţa se prezintă în urgenţă pentru instalarea bruscă a dispneei cu ortopnee, hemoptiziei şi cianozei generalizate. Examenul clinic corelat cu ecocardiografia au stabilit diagnosticul de edem pulmonar acut şi proteză biologică valvulară degenerată, cu stenoză mitrală severă. Evoluţia a fost favorabilă după înlocuirea în urgenţă a bioprotezei cu o proteză mecanică. Cuvinte cheie: bioproteză, valvă mitrală, copil INTRODUCERE Inelul valvei mitrale este nonplanar, având formă de şa. În mod normal, foiţele valvulare sunt împinse una spre cealaltă în timpul sistolei ventriculare prin contracţia muşchilor papilari şi tensionarea cordajelor, ceea ce determină coaptarea mar ginilor valvulare. Prolapsul valvular apare când una dintre valve alunecă sub această zonă de coaptare. PVM idiopatic poate fi congenital, dar diagnosticat târziu, în adolescenţă sau la vârsta adultă. Complicaţiile includ aritmia, insuficienţa cardiacă secundară regurgitării mitrale severe şi, uneori, evenimente tromboembolice. Cazurile familiale au transmitere autozomal dominantă cu penetranţă şi expresie variabilă. Tratamentul este condus de prezenţa sau absenţa complicaţiilor. Astfel, cazurile asimptomatice, cu refluare mitrală minimă nu necesită tratament medicamentos, însă prezenţa disfuncţiei ventriculare şi a refluării mitrale severe impun tratamentul chirurgical. PREZENTARE DE CAZ Prezentăm cazul unui copil de sex feminin, în vârstă de 11 ani, diagnosticat la vârsta de 6 ani cu insuficienţă mitrală severă prin PVM, căruia, la vârsta de 7 ani, i s-a practicat înlocuirea valvei mitrale cu o proteză valvulară tisulară la Institutul de Boli Cardiovasculare şi Transplant din Târgu-Mureş, procedură urmată de tratament cronic cu anti coagulante (Sintrom, Aspenter). La 4 ani de la protezarea valvulară fetiţa prezintă brusc dispnee cu ortopnee, hemoptizie şi cianoză generalizată; este internată în secţia de pediatrie a unui spital judeţean unde urmează tratament cu antibiotice (Cefort), mucolitice şi preparate cortizonice timp de 7 zile. Simptomele s-au ameliorat iniţial, pentru ca apoi să se reacutizeze, suspicionându-se diagnosticul de embolie pulmonară, pentru care a fost transferată în departamentul de Terapie Acută al Clinicii I Pediatrie Iaşi. Adresa de corespondenţă: Georgiana Russu, Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii Sf. Maria, Str. Vasile Lupu nr. 62, Iaşi g_russu@yahoo.com 336 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN 2014

6 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN La internare, examenul clinic a relevat stare generală gravă, facies suferind, tegumente şi mucoase palide, cicatrice postoperatorie pe linia medio-sternală, dispnee importantă cu ortopnee, polipnee = 56/min, torace normal conformat, excursii costale si metrice, tuse productivă, hipoxemie SaO 2 = 85-89% în aerul atmosferic, ascultaţia pulmonară relevă raluri subcrepitante bilateral, zgomote cardiac ritmice, tahicardie 130/min, suflu sistolic grad III/6 la nivelul apexului cu iradiere interscapulovertebral, ficat în limite normale. Biologic s-a evidenţiat leucocitoză cu neutrofilie, hepatocitoliză uşoară, CPK cu valori crecute, timp de protrombină alungit şi activitatea protrombinică scăzută secundar tratamentului cu anticoagulante. Radiografia cardio-toracică descrie macroopacităţi confluate care ocupă aproape în totalitate ambele arii pulmonare, cord cu bombarea arcului inferior drept, pedicul vascular normal. ECG: tahicardie sinusală 140/minut, axa QRS +90º, PQ = 0,12 sec; sub denivelare S-T (4 mm) în DII, DIII, AVF, V3-V5; suprasolicitare biatrială; QT = 0,28 sec (normal). Ecocardiografia efectuată de urgenţă (vezi Fig. 1) a evidenţiat proteză hiperecogenă în po ziţie mitrală disfuncţională, cu deschidere limitată, realizând stenoză severă şi refluare grad III, dila tarea importantă a arterei pulmonare şi cordului drept, cu refluare tricuspidiană grad III. S-a stabilit diagnosticul pozitiv de edem pul monar acut, stenoză mitrală severă prin bioproteză degenerată, hipertensiune arterială pulmonară şi a fost transferată în urgenţă la Secţia Clinică de Chirurgie Cardiovasculară Iaşi, unde i s-a înlocuit imediat bioproteza cu o proteză mecanică. Evoluţia postoperatorie a fost favorabilă, starea generală s-a ameliorat, dar a apărut ca şi complicaţie pareză de nerv sciatic popliteu extern, remisă sub fizioterapie. DISCUŢII Clasic, PVM este definit ca deplasarea în timpul sistolei ventriculare a uneia sau ambelor foiţe ale valvei mitrale cu 2 mm sau mai mult sub inelul mitral, cu îngroşarea valvelor. Prolapsul atipic constă în deplasarea valvelor, dar acestea au grosime normală. Etiologia PVM este neclară şi probabil multifactorială. Prolabarea poate fi determinată de excesul de ţesut valvular (valve redundante), proli ferarea mixomatoasă a stratului spongios al valvelor şi elon garea cordajelor. Aceste modificări apar la pacienţi cu o mare varietate de malformaţii congenitale cardiace sau boli ale ţesutului conjunctiv (sindrom Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, Ehler-Danlos), cardiopatie ischemică, cardiomiopatie hipertrofică sau pectus excavatum, ca şi la pacienţi cu constituţie astenică (1). Prolapsul izolat poate fi sporadic sau familial, cu transmitere autozomal dominantă şi x-linkată. Incidenţa prolapsului de valvă mitrală creşte cu vârsta, fiind de aproximativ 1-2% la copilul mic şi 5-15% la adolescent şi adultul tânăr, fiind de două ori mai frecvent la fete decât la băieţi (2,3). Diagnosticul clinic se stabileşte pe prezenţa unui clic mezosistolic de închidere a valvei mitrale şi a unui suflu telesistolic de regurgitare mitrală. Majoritatea pacienţilor sunt asimptomatici, fiind descoperiţi cu ocazia unui examen medical de ru- FIGURA 1

7 338 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN 2014 tină, când se decelează un suflu sistolic scurt în focarul mitral. În timp, pot să apară simptome ca: palpitaţii, oboseală, dispnee la efort, dureri toracice, simptome neuropsihiatrice (atac de panică, nervozitate, sincopă). Unii pacienţi prezintă modificări scheletice care nu pot fi incluse în nicio boală a ţesutului conjunctiv (talie înaltă, scolioză, arahnodac tilie, pectus excavatum sau carinatum) (4). Aritmiile care apar cel mai frecvent în repaus sau la efort sunt extrasistole atriale (23,6%) sau ventriculare (27,3%), tahicardie supraventriculară sau tulburări de conducere (5). Unele studii raportează o prevalenţă a aritmiilor ventriculare în PVM de peste 30% (6). De asemenea, la 8-16% dintre pacienţii cu tahicardie ventriculară refractară singura anomalie cardiacă găsită a fost PVM. S-a constatat o asociere între PVM şi moartea subită (7,8). Dacă incidenţa morţii subite în PVM nu este bine stabilită, literatura de specialitate sugerează că riscul este de 5-10 ori mai mare în cazul în care există şi o regurgitare mitrală semnificativă concomitentă. Se consideră că relaţia dintre PVM şi moartea subită se datorează aritmiilor ventriculare (9). Totuşi, la copil, mortalitatea este foarte scăzută. Apariţia regurgitării mitrale şi progresia de la forma uşoară spre cea severă sunt determinanţi importanţi ai morbidităţii. Deng şi colaboratorii au observat că incidenţa regurgitării mitrale a crescut de la 29% la 43% dintre pacienţi în timpul celor 4 ani de urmărire (10). Alte complicaţii sunt insu ficienţa cardiacă, ruptura cordajelor tendinoase, endocardita infecţioasă (0,1-0,3 la 100 pacienţi pe an), fenomene tromboembolice, inclusiv accidente vasculare cerebrale şi moartea subită. Aritmiile cardiace, cum ar fi tahicardia ventriculara şi fibri laţia ventriculară, sunt mai frecvente la pacienţi cu prolaps de valvă mitrală (2). La copil, prolapsul de valvă mitrală nu este progresiv şi majoritatea pacienţilor sunt asimpto matici, necesitând doar urmărire periodică. Se re comandă evitarea cafeinei, fumatului, alcoolului şi medicamen telor care conţin stimulante, cum ar fi epinefrina sau efedrina, pentru a minimaliza descărcarea catecolaminelor şi stimularea AMPc. Profi laxia endocarditei infecţioase are indicaţii foarte precise. Conform ultimului ghid publicat de Socie tatea Euro peană de Cardiologie în 2009, se reco mandă profilaxie cu antibiotic doar în cazul pa cienţilor cu risc major de endocardită: cei cu proteză valvulară sau la care s-a folosit material protetic pentru repararea valvei; pacienţi cu istoric de endo cardită; pacienţi cu malformaţie cardiacă cianogenă neoperată, sau cu shunturi reziduale postoperator, sau cu shunturi paleative; pacienţi cu malformaţii cianogene corectate cu material protetic plasat prin intervenţie clasică sau prin cateterism, pe o durată de 6 luni postoperator; pacienţi cu defect rezidual la locul implantării protezei sau device implantat prin cateterism. Profilaxia antibiotică nu se mai reco mandă în prezent la alte forme de valvulopatii sau malformaţii cardiace (11). Tratamentul chirurgical (plastia valvei mitrale sau înlocuire cu proteză) are indicaţii precise, stabilite de ghidurile americane şi europene (12): pacienţi cu refluare mitrală moderată-severă, pa cienţi simptomatici cu refluare mitrală acută severă, pacienţi simptomatici cu refluare severă cronică (insu ficienţă cardiacă clasa NYHA II-IV), pacienţi asimptomatici cu refluare cronică severă şi dis funcţie ventriculară sau cu funcţie normală dar cu hipertensiune pulmonară. La copil, protezarea mitrală este indicată doar la cazurile la care a eşuat tratamentul medicamentos sau plastia mitrală. În cazul pacienţilor cu vârsta sub 1 an, protezarea mitrală trebuie amânată cât mai mult din cauza morbidităţii şi mortalităţii deosebite asociate cu această procedură. Înlocuirea valvei mitrale are cea mai mare mortalitate perioperatorie dintre toate celelalte proteze valvulare (10-30%) şi cel mai rău pronostic pe termen lung supravieţuire la 5-10 ani între 50-80% (13). S-a observat că bioprotezele cu xenogrefă în poziţie mitrală au cea mai limitată durabilitate la copil, mortalitatea fiind de 79%, 75% şi 74% la 1, 5 şi respectiv 10 ani, sugerând faptul că majoritatea de ceselor au loc în perioada imediat postoperatorie (14). Faţă de protezele mecanice, care necesită tratament anticoagulant toată viaţa, avantajul protezelor biologice constă în faptul că pacientul necesită doar trei luni de tratament anticoagulant postoperator, după care acesta se poate întrerupe. Aceste proteze sunt realizate din ţesut porcin sau din pericard bovin, însă inconvenientul principal al protezelor biologice este calcifierea, care apare mai rapid la pacienţi mai tineri. Deteriorarea structurală a biopro tezelor valvulare este o consecinţă inevitabilă a utilizării lor la om. Acest incident este nonlinear, cu deteriorare şi insuficienţă funcţională şi apare cu frecvenţă crescută după o anumită perioadă de timp care, la copil, este deseori foarte scurtă (14). Datele actuale arată că durata medie de viaţă a unei bioproteze la adult este de 15 ani (15). Cazul prezentat se înscrie în tendinţa generală descrisă în literatură, de degenerare precoce a bioprotezei mitrale, în 4 ani de la instalarea ei. Înlocuirea cu o proteză mecanică a salvat viaţa pacientei, evoluţia postoperatorie a fost lent favorabilă.

8 REVISTA ROMÂNÅ DE PEDIATRIE VOLUMUL LXIII, NR. 3, AN A fost recomandat tratament cronic anticoagulant, cu control periodic al INR care trebuie menţinut op tim între 3,5-4,5 şi profilaxia cu antibiotice a endocarditei bacteriene înaintea oricărei manevre chirurgicale sau stomatologice sângerânde. O particularitate a cazului este apariţia, ca şi complicaţie postoperatorie, a unei pareze de nerv sciatic popliteu extern, care a evoluat ulterior favorabil sub fizioterapie. CONCLUZII Cazurile de PVM cu regurgitare mitrală severă (cum a fost şi cazul prezentat) necesită intervenţie chirurgicală, constând fie în repararea valvei, fie în înlocuirea ei. Valvele biologice oferă pacientului avantajul de a urma, postoperator, doar trei luni de tratament anticoagulant; au însă dezavantajul că se deteriorează cu atât mai repede cu cât vârsta pacientului este mai mică.

The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors:

The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors: Heart murmurs The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors: high blood flow rate through normal or abnormal orifices forward flow through a narrowed or irregular orifice into a dilated vessel or

More information

Historical perspective R1 黃維立

Historical perspective R1 黃維立 Degenerative mitral valve disease refers to a spectrum of conditions in which morphologic changes in the connective tissue of the mitral valve cause structural lesions that prevent normal function of the

More information

The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors:

The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors: Heart murmurs The production of murmurs is due to 3 main factors: high blood flow rate through normal or abnormal orifices forward flow through a narrowed or irregular orifice into a dilated vessel or

More information

Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation Due to Degenerative Disease

Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation Due to Degenerative Disease Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation Due to Degenerative Disease TIRONE E. DAVID, MD ; SEMIN THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 19:116-120c 2007 ELSEVIER INC. PRESENTED BY INTERN 許士盟 Mitral valve

More information

8/31/2016. Mitraclip in Matthew Johnson, MD

8/31/2016. Mitraclip in Matthew Johnson, MD Mitraclip in 2016 Matthew Johnson, MD 1 Abnormal Valve Function Valve Stenosis Obstruction to valve flow during that phase of the cardiac cycle when the valve is normally open. Hemodynamic hallmark - pressure

More information

Mitral Valve Disease. Prof. Sirchak Yelizaveta Stepanovna

Mitral Valve Disease. Prof. Sirchak Yelizaveta Stepanovna Mitral Valve Disease Prof. Sirchak Yelizaveta Stepanovna Fall 2008 Mitral Valve Stenosis Lecture Outline Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostic testing

More information

Valvular Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis

Valvular Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis Valvular Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis A 75 year old woman with loud first heart sound and mid-diastolic murmur Chronic dyspnea Class 2/4 Fatigue Recent orthopnea/pnd Nocturnal palpitation Pedal edema

More information

Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD)

Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD) Electroencephalography (EEG) alteration in Autism Spectum Disorder (ASD) FLORINA RAD 1, CAMELIA CIOBANU 2, GIANINA ANGHEL 3, IULIANA DOBRESCU 4 ABSTRACT There is a controversial relationship between Autism

More information

What Is Valvular Heart Disease? Heart valve disease occurs when your heart's valves do not work the way they should.

What Is Valvular Heart Disease? Heart valve disease occurs when your heart's valves do not work the way they should. What Is Valvular Heart Disease? Heart valve disease occurs when your heart's valves do not work the way they should. How Do Heart Valves Work? MAINTAIN ONE-WAY BLOOD FLOW THROUGH YOUR HEART The four heart

More information

MITRAL VALVE DISEASE- ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT. Irene Frantzis P year, SGUL Sheba Medical Center

MITRAL VALVE DISEASE- ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT. Irene Frantzis P year, SGUL Sheba Medical Center MITRAL VALVE DISEASE- ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Irene Frantzis P year, SGUL Sheba Medical Center MITRAL VALVE DISEASE Mitral Valve Regurgitation Mitral Valve Stenosis Mitral Valve Prolapse MITRAL REGURGITATION

More information

HISTORY. Question: How do you interpret the patient s history? CHIEF COMPLAINT: Dyspnea of two days duration. PRESENT ILLNESS: 45-year-old man.

HISTORY. Question: How do you interpret the patient s history? CHIEF COMPLAINT: Dyspnea of two days duration. PRESENT ILLNESS: 45-year-old man. HISTORY 45-year-old man. CHIEF COMPLAINT: Dyspnea of two days duration. PRESENT ILLNESS: His dyspnea began suddenly and has been associated with orthopnea, but no chest pain. For two months he has felt

More information

Cardiology/Cardiothoracic

Cardiology/Cardiothoracic Cardiology/Cardiothoracic ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM Code Mapper 800-334-5724 www.contexomedia.com 2013 ICD-9-CM 272.0 Pure hypercholesterolemia 272.2 Mixed hyperlipidemia 272.4 Other and hyperlipidemia 278.00

More information

TSDA Boot Camp September 13-16, Introduction to Aortic Valve Surgery. George L. Hicks, Jr., MD

TSDA Boot Camp September 13-16, Introduction to Aortic Valve Surgery. George L. Hicks, Jr., MD TSDA Boot Camp September 13-16, 2018 Introduction to Aortic Valve Surgery George L. Hicks, Jr., MD Aortic Valve Pathology and Treatment Valvular Aortic Stenosis in Adults Average Course (Post mortem data)

More information

Romanian Journal of Cardiology Vol. 27, No. 4, 2017

Romanian Journal of Cardiology Vol. 27, No. 4, 2017 IMAGES IN CARDIOLOGY in the case of a left upper lobe partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with patent foramen ovale Alin Ionescu 1, Monica Dobrovie 1, Monica Chivulescu 1, Raluca Ionescu

More information

Romanian Journal of Cardiology Vol. 25, No. 4, 2015

Romanian Journal of Cardiology Vol. 25, No. 4, 2015 Romanian Journal of Cardiology CASE PRESENTATION the first Romanian experience Silvia Iancovici 1, Vlasis Ninios 1, Raluca Naidin 1, Liudmila Frunza 1, Dan Deleanu 1 Abstract: Functional mitral regurgitation

More information

Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology (scores listed by Appropriate Use rating)

Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology (scores listed by Appropriate Use rating) Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology (scores listed by Appropriate Use rating) Table 1: Appropriate indications (median score 7-9) Indication

More information

Clinical Indications for Echocardiography

Clinical Indications for Echocardiography Clinical Indications for Echocardiography Echocardiography is widely utilised and potential applications are increasing with advances in technology. The aim of this document is two-fold: 1) To define clinical

More information

Case # 1. Page: 8. DUKE: Adams

Case # 1. Page: 8. DUKE: Adams Case # 1 Page: 8 1. The cardiac output in this patient is reduced because of: O a) tamponade physiology O b) restrictive physiology O c) coronary artery disease O d) left bundle branch block Page: 8 1.

More information

By the end of this session, the student should be able to:

By the end of this session, the student should be able to: Valvular Heart disease HVD By Dr. Ashraf Abdelfatah Deyab VHD- Objectives By the end of this session, the student should be able to: Define and classify valvular heart disease. Enlist the causes of acquired

More information

Sudden cardiac death: Primary and secondary prevention

Sudden cardiac death: Primary and secondary prevention Sudden cardiac death: Primary and secondary prevention By Kai Chi Chan Penultimate Year Medical Student St George s University of London at UNic Sheba Medical Centre Definition Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

More information

When should we intervene surgically in pediatric patient with MR?

When should we intervene surgically in pediatric patient with MR? When should we intervene surgically in pediatric patient with MR? DR.SAUD A. BAHAIDARAH CONSULTANT, PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PEDIATRICS HEAD OF CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIAC SURGERY UNIT KAUH

More information

Valve Analysis and Pathoanatomy: THE MITRAL VALVE

Valve Analysis and Pathoanatomy: THE MITRAL VALVE : THE MITRAL VALVE Marc R. Moon, M.D. John M. Shoenberg Chair in CV Disease Chief, Cardiac Surgery Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO Secretary, American Association for Thoracic Surgery

More information

The clinical problem of atrioventricular valve regurgitation

The clinical problem of atrioventricular valve regurgitation Mitral Regurgitation in Congenital Heart Defects: Surgical Techniques for Reconstruction Richard G. Ohye Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is an important source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While

More information

7. Echocardiography Appropriate Use Criteria (by Indication)

7. Echocardiography Appropriate Use Criteria (by Indication) Criteria for Echocardiography 1133 7. Echocardiography Criteria (by ) Table 1. TTE for General Evaluation of Cardiac Structure and Function Suspected Cardiac Etiology General With TTE 1. Symptoms or conditions

More information

ASE 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography

ASE 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography ASE 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography Table 1. TTE for General Evaluation of Cardiac Structure and Function 1 2 Suspected Cardiac Etiology General With TTE Symptoms or conditions potentially

More information

Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC FACC, FESC President Saudi Society for Cardiac Surgeons Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery King Abdulaziz

Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC FACC, FESC President Saudi Society for Cardiac Surgeons Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery King Abdulaziz Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC FACC, FESC President Saudi Society for Cardiac Surgeons Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery King Abdulaziz Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Decision process for

More information

Clinical significance of cardiac murmurs: Get the sound and rhythm!

Clinical significance of cardiac murmurs: Get the sound and rhythm! Clinical significance of cardiac murmurs: Get the sound and rhythm! Prof. dr. Gunther van Loon, DVM, PhD, Ass Member ECVDI, Dip ECEIM Dept. of Large Animal Internal Medicine Ghent University, Belgium Murmurs

More information

For more information about how to cite these materials visit

For more information about how to cite these materials visit Author: Michael Shea, M.D., 2008 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

More information

16 YEAR RESULTS Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Bioprosthesis, Model 6900

16 YEAR RESULTS Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Bioprosthesis, Model 6900 CLINICAL COMMUNIQUé 6 YEAR RESULTS Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Bioprosthesis, Model 69 The Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Valve, Model 69, was introduced into clinical

More information

Pregnancy, Heart Disease and Imaging. Hemodynamics. Decreased systemic vascular resistance. Physiology anemia

Pregnancy, Heart Disease and Imaging. Hemodynamics. Decreased systemic vascular resistance. Physiology anemia Pregnancy, Heart Disease and Imaging Sangeeta Shah, MD, FASE, FACC Associate Professor, Ochsner Clinical School of Medicine Advanced CV Imaging and Adult Congenital Heart Disease New Orleans, LA Hemodynamics

More information

Organic mitral regurgitation

Organic mitral regurgitation The best in heart valve disease Organic mitral regurgitation Ewa Szymczyk Department of Cardiology Medical University of Lodz, Poland I have nothing to declare Organic mitral regurgitation leaflet abnormality

More information

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN 181 MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN THE ELDERLY* MAXWELL L. GELFAND, M.D. New York University Medical Center New York, New York M ITRAL valve prolapse, a frequent cause of valvular disease, is known by many other

More information

Surgical repair of massive dilatation of the right atrium with tricuspid regurgitation

Surgical repair of massive dilatation of the right atrium with tricuspid regurgitation Okada et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery (2018) 13:83 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-018-0769-7 CASE REPORT Open Access Surgical repair of massive dilatation of the right atrium with tricuspid regurgitation

More information

Heart Disorders. Cardiovascular Disorders (Part B-1) Module 5 -Chapter 8. Overview Heart Disorders Vascular Disorders

Heart Disorders. Cardiovascular Disorders (Part B-1) Module 5 -Chapter 8. Overview Heart Disorders Vascular Disorders Cardiovascular Disorders (Part B-1) Module 5 -Chapter 8 Overview Heart Disorders Vascular Disorders Susie Turner, MD 1/7/13 Heart Disorders Coronary Artery Disease Cardiac Arrhythmias Congestive Heart

More information

Dysfunction of transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis. Early valve degeneration or thrombosis - that is the question.

Dysfunction of transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis. Early valve degeneration or thrombosis - that is the question. Dysfunction of transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis. Early valve degeneration or thrombosis - that is the question. Böhm A., Hricak V., Tomasovic B., Bena M., Postulka J. The National Institute of, Department

More information

PROSTHETIC VALVE BOARD REVIEW

PROSTHETIC VALVE BOARD REVIEW PROSTHETIC VALVE BOARD REVIEW The correct answer D This two chamber view shows a porcine mitral prosthesis with the typical appearance of the struts although the leaflets are not well seen. The valve

More information

Mitral Valve Disease, When to Intervene

Mitral Valve Disease, When to Intervene Mitral Valve Disease, When to Intervene Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute Ming Zhang MD PhD Interventional Cardiology Structure Heart Disease Conflict of Interest None Current ACC/AHA guideline Stages

More information

Common Codes for ICD-10

Common Codes for ICD-10 Common Codes for ICD-10 Specialty: Cardiology *Always utilize more specific codes first. ABNORMALITIES OF HEART RHYTHM ICD-9-CM Codes: 427.81, 427.89, 785.0, 785.1, 785.3 R00.0 Tachycardia, unspecified

More information

Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular Heart Disease GP Update Refresher 18 th January 2018 Valvular Heart Disease Dr. Alexander Lyon Senior Lecturer and Consultant Cardiologist Clinical Lead in Cardio-Oncology Royal Brompton Hospital, London UK President

More information

Σεμινάρια Ομάδων Εργασίας 2017 Ανεπάρκεια μιτροειδούς μυξωματώδους αιτιολογίας

Σεμινάρια Ομάδων Εργασίας 2017 Ανεπάρκεια μιτροειδούς μυξωματώδους αιτιολογίας Σεμινάρια Ομάδων Εργασίας 2017 Ανεπάρκεια μιτροειδούς μυξωματώδους αιτιολογίας Μυτάς Δημήτρης MD, PhD Επιμ Α ΕΣΥ Σισμανόγλειο Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αττικής Δηλώνω υπεύθυνα ότι η παρούσα ομιλία δεν επιχορηγείται

More information

Ramona Maria Chendereş 1, Delia Marina Podea 1, Pavel Dan Nanu 2, Camelia Mila 1, Ligia Piroş 1, Mahmud Manasr 3

Ramona Maria Chendereş 1, Delia Marina Podea 1, Pavel Dan Nanu 2, Camelia Mila 1, Ligia Piroş 1, Mahmud Manasr 3 Psychosocial Factors in Late Life Depression Ramona Maria Chendereş 1, Delia Marina Podea 1, Pavel Dan Nanu 2, Camelia Mila 1, Ligia Piroş 1, Mahmud Manasr 3 Rezumat Cu toate ca depresia la varsta a treia

More information

Heart Valves: Before and after surgery

Heart Valves: Before and after surgery Heart Valves: Before and after surgery Tim Sutton, Consultant Cardiologist Middlemore Hospital, Auckland Auckland Heart Group Indications for intervention in Valvular disease To prevent sudden death and

More information

Valve Disease Board Review Questions

Valve Disease Board Review Questions Valve Disease Board Review Questions Dennis A. Tighe, MD, FASE University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA Case 1 History A 61 year-old man Presents to hospital with worsening shortness of

More information

Pseudo Heart Disease: 1/5 Norman Bethune Faculty of Medicine, Jilin University, China

Pseudo Heart Disease: 1/5 Norman Bethune Faculty of Medicine, Jilin University, China http://www.medicine-on-line.com Pseudo Heart Disease: 1/5 Case 060: Pseudo Heart Disease Author: Affiliation: Zhang Shu Norman Bethune Faculty of Medicine, Jilin University, China A 17 year-old girl presented

More information

CHEST PAIN IS MY CHILD GOING. Thomas C. Martin MD, FAAP, FACC EMMC Pediatric Cardiology Eastern Maine Medical Center Bangor, Maine

CHEST PAIN IS MY CHILD GOING. Thomas C. Martin MD, FAAP, FACC EMMC Pediatric Cardiology Eastern Maine Medical Center Bangor, Maine CHEST PAIN IN CHILDREN: IS MY CHILD GOING TO DIE? Thomas C. Martin MD, FAAP, FACC EMMC Pediatric Cardiology Eastern Maine Medical Center Bangor, Maine DISCLAIMER Presentation t ti at the Maine Chapter,

More information

CLINICAL COMMUNIQUE 16 YEAR RESULTS

CLINICAL COMMUNIQUE 16 YEAR RESULTS CLINICAL COMMUNIQUE 6 YEAR RESULTS Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Bioprosthesis, Model 6900 Introduction The Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Mitral Pericardial Valve, Model 6900, was introduced

More information

Valvular defects. Lectures from Pathological Physiology. Study materials from Pathological Physiology, 2017/2018 Oliver Rácz, Eva Sedláková

Valvular defects. Lectures from Pathological Physiology. Study materials from Pathological Physiology, 2017/2018 Oliver Rácz, Eva Sedláková Valvular defects Lectures from Pathological Physiology Study materials from Pathological Physiology, 2017/2018 Oliver Rácz, Eva Sedláková 1 2 3 1 Valvular dysfunction - introduction Stenosis block of flow;

More information

The role of physical training in lowering the cardio-metabolic risk

The role of physical training in lowering the cardio-metabolic risk The role of physical training in lowering the cardio-metabolic risk Timea Szasz 1, Eugen Bota 2, Lucian Hoble 3 Abstract The cardio-metabolic risk represents the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes

More information

Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease MITRAL STENOSIS Pathophysiology rheumatic fever. calcific degeneration, malignant carcinoid disease, congenital mitral stenosis. SLE. The increased pressure gradient across the mitral

More information

Surprising awakening of a sleeping heart Alina Scridon 1,2, Răzvan Constantin Șerban 2, Ayman Elkahlout 3, Mihaela Opriș 2, Dan Dobreanu 1,2

Surprising awakening of a sleeping heart Alina Scridon 1,2, Răzvan Constantin Șerban 2, Ayman Elkahlout 3, Mihaela Opriș 2, Dan Dobreanu 1,2 CASE PRESENTATION Surprising awakening of a sleeping heart Alina Scridon 1,2, Răzvan Constantin Șerban 2, Ayman Elkahlout 3, Mihaela Opriș 2, Dan Dobreanu 1,2 Abstract: Coronary artery disease is the most

More information

RF & RHD Workshop 22 nd March MANAGEMENT of RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE in PREGNANCY. Dr Dorothy Radford

RF & RHD Workshop 22 nd March MANAGEMENT of RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE in PREGNANCY. Dr Dorothy Radford RF & RHD Workshop 22 nd March 2016 MANAGEMENT of RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE in PREGNANCY Dr Dorothy Radford PREGNANCY PHYSIOLOGY Increased cardiac output 30%-50% Increased blood volume 30%-50% Increased heart

More information

Congenital heart disease. By Dr Saima Ali Professor of pediatrics

Congenital heart disease. By Dr Saima Ali Professor of pediatrics Congenital heart disease By Dr Saima Ali Professor of pediatrics What is the most striking clinical finding in this child? Learning objectives By the end of this lecture, final year student should be able

More information

Cases of mitral valve causing mitral regurgitation: the MV prolapse spectrum CASE

Cases of mitral valve causing mitral regurgitation: the MV prolapse spectrum CASE Cases of mitral valve causing mitral regurgitation: the MV prolapse spectrum Judy Hung, MD Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA CASE Mr. M; 50 Year male presents to internist for

More information

Congenital Heart Disease Cases

Congenital Heart Disease Cases Congenital Heart Disease Cases Sabrina Phillips, MD FACC FASE Mayo Clinic Congenital Heart Disease Center 2013 MFMER slide-1 No Disclosures 2013 MFMER slide-2 1 CASE 1 2013 MFMER slide-3 63 year old Woman

More information

Echocardiography as a diagnostic and management tool in medical emergencies

Echocardiography as a diagnostic and management tool in medical emergencies Echocardiography as a diagnostic and management tool in medical emergencies Frank van der Heusen MD Department of Anesthesia and perioperative Care UCSF Medical Center Objective of this presentation Indications

More information

Particularities of infective endocarditis. A retrospective study

Particularities of infective endocarditis. A retrospective study 4 Particularities of infective endocarditis. A retrospective study ParticularităŃi ale endocarditei infecńioase. Studiu retrospectiv łilea Ioan *, łilea Brânduşa 2, Suciu HoraŃiu 3, Tătar Cristina Maria.

More information

Sarah J. Miller, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Cardiology) Degenerative Valvular Disease What s New?

Sarah J. Miller, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Cardiology) Degenerative Valvular Disease What s New? Sarah J. Miller, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Cardiology) Degenerative Valvular Disease What s New? Chronic degenerative valvular disease is the most common cardiovascular disease in small animals, and is also

More information

Adult Echocardiography Examination Content Outline

Adult Echocardiography Examination Content Outline Adult Echocardiography Examination Content Outline (Outline Summary) # Domain Subdomain Percentage 1 2 3 4 5 Anatomy and Physiology Pathology Clinical Care and Safety Measurement Techniques, Maneuvers,

More information

Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC, FRCS (Glasgow), FACC, FESC President of Saudi Heart Association King Abdulaziz Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC, FRCS (Glasgow), FACC, FESC President of Saudi Heart Association King Abdulaziz Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hani K. Najm MD, Msc, FRCSC, FRCS (Glasgow), FACC, FESC President of Saudi Heart Association King Abdulaziz Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Decision process for Management of any valve Timing Feasibility

More information

Heart Valve disease: MR. AS tough patient When to echo, When to refer, What s new

Heart Valve disease: MR. AS tough patient When to echo, When to refer, What s new Heart Valve disease: MR. AS tough patient When to echo, When to refer, What s new B. Sonnenberg UAH Cardiology CME Day 5 May 2015 Disclosures Speaker s or Advisory Boards: none Research grants: none (co-investigator

More information

Adult Cardiac Surgery

Adult Cardiac Surgery Adult Cardiac Surgery Mahmoud ABU-ABEELEH Associate Professor Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery School of Medicine University Of Jordan Adult Cardiac Surgery: Ischemic Heart Disease

More information

MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION

MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION Alina-Costina LUCA, Daniela LUCA, Adriana SOUSSIA Gr.T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION Review Article Keywords Mitral Valve Prolapse,

More information

When to close an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in adulthood?

When to close an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in adulthood? When to close an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in adulthood? Philippe ALDEBERT Hôpital de la Timone, CHU Marseille Département de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale médico-chirurgical Abbott Incidence

More information

Anticoagulation Therapy and Valve Surgery. Dr Pau Kiew Kong Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Anticoagulation Therapy and Valve Surgery. Dr Pau Kiew Kong Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon Anticoagulation Therapy and Valve Surgery Dr Pau Kiew Kong Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon Outline of lecture 1. Type of Valve Surgery 2. Anticoagulation requirements 3. Mechanical (Metallic) prosthetic

More information

Clinicians and Facilities: RESOURCES WHEN CARING FOR WOMEN WITH ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE OR OTHER FORMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE!!

Clinicians and Facilities: RESOURCES WHEN CARING FOR WOMEN WITH ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE OR OTHER FORMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE!! Clinicians and Facilities: RESOURCES WHEN CARING FOR WOMEN WITH ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE OR OTHER FORMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE!! Abha'Khandelwal,'MD,'MS' 'Stanford'University'School'of'Medicine'

More information

Late secondary TR after left sided heart disease correction: is it predictibale and preventable

Late secondary TR after left sided heart disease correction: is it predictibale and preventable Late secondary TR after left sided heart disease correction: is it predictibale and preventable Gilles D. Dreyfus Professor of Cardiothoracic surgery Nath J, et al. JACC 2004 PREDICT Incidence of secondary

More information

Pediatrics. Arrhythmias in Children: Bradycardia and Tachycardia Diagnosis and Treatment. Overview

Pediatrics. Arrhythmias in Children: Bradycardia and Tachycardia Diagnosis and Treatment. Overview Pediatrics Arrhythmias in Children: Bradycardia and Tachycardia Diagnosis and Treatment See online here The most common form of cardiac arrhythmia in children is sinus tachycardia which can be caused by

More information

April 16, 09:00-09:15 중앙대학교 윤신원

April 16, 09:00-09:15 중앙대학교 윤신원 April 16, 09:00-09:15 중앙대학교 윤신원 When to perform Echocardiography in IE? Vegetations?(pathologic Whatever the level hallmark) of suspicion Intracardiac abscess? Confirm or R/O at the Earliest opportunity.

More information

FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1

FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1 170 FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1 EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF TIANEPTINE IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS WITH CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES MARIA LADEA *, MIHAELA CRISTINA SINCA, DAN PRELIPCEANU Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry

More information

A Surgeon s Perspective Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Adapted from the 2006 ACC/AHA Guideline Revision

A Surgeon s Perspective Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Adapted from the 2006 ACC/AHA Guideline Revision A Surgeon s Perspective Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Adapted from the 2006 ACC/AHA Guideline Revision Prof. Pino Fundarò, MD Niguarda Hospital Milan, Italy Introduction

More information

Repair or Replacement

Repair or Replacement Surgical intervention post MitraClip Device: Repair or Replacement Saudi Heart Association, February 21-24 Rüdiger Lange, MD, PhD Nicolo Piazza, MD, FRCPC, FESC German Heart Center, Munich, Germany Division

More information

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease still remain a. The Rheumatic Mitral Valve and Repair Techniques in Children. Afksendiyos Kalangos

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease still remain a. The Rheumatic Mitral Valve and Repair Techniques in Children. Afksendiyos Kalangos The Rheumatic Mitral Valve and Repair Techniques in Children Afksendiyos Kalangos The mitral valve is the most commonly affected valve in acute and chronic rheumatic heart disease in the first and second

More information

Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease B K Singh, MD, FACC Disclosures: None 1 CARDIAC CYCLE S2 S2=A2P2 S1=M1T1 S4 S1 S3 2 JVP Carotid S1 Slitting of S2 S3 S4 Ejection click Opening snap Dynamic Auscultation What is the

More information

AD-COR Program inovativ de formare in domeniul cardiologiei pediatrice POSDRU/179/3.2/S/ MODUL TEORETIC PATOLOGIA VALVULARA

AD-COR Program inovativ de formare in domeniul cardiologiei pediatrice POSDRU/179/3.2/S/ MODUL TEORETIC PATOLOGIA VALVULARA AD-COR Program inovativ de formare in domeniul cardiologiei pediatrice POSDRU/179/3.2/S/152012 MODUL TEORETIC PATOLOGIA VALVULARA Valva mitrala (VM) Cunoasterea precisa a anatomiei valvei mitrale si interpretarea

More information

Surgical repair techniques for IMR: future percutaneous options?

Surgical repair techniques for IMR: future percutaneous options? Surgical repair techniques for IMR: can this teach us about future percutaneous options? Genk - Belgium Prof. Dr. R. Dion KULeu Disclosure slide Robert A. Dion I disclose the following financial relationships:

More information

DISCLOSURE. Echocardiography in Systemic Diseases: Questions. Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None. Off Label Usage None 5/7/2018

DISCLOSURE. Echocardiography in Systemic Diseases: Questions. Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None. Off Label Usage None 5/7/2018 Echocardiography in Systemic Diseases: Questions Sunil Mankad, MD, FACC, FCCP, FASE Associate Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Director, Transesophageal Echocardiography Associate

More information

Cardiac Mass in a 15-Year-Old Boy

Cardiac Mass in a 15-Year-Old Boy Cardiac Mass in a 15-Year-Old Boy Echocardiographic Case Report Hortensia Vuçini Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery UHC Mother Theresa Tirana, Albania October 20, 2007 Case Presentation 15 year-old

More information

Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Cardiomyopathies. Stephanie Coulter, MD, FACC, FASE April, 2016

Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Cardiomyopathies. Stephanie Coulter, MD, FACC, FASE April, 2016 Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Cardiomyopathies Stephanie Coulter, MD, FACC, FASE April, 2016 Cardiomyopathies (CMP) primary disease intrinsic to cardiac muscle Dilated CMP Hypertrophic CMP Infiltrative

More information

Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Etiology and Natural History of Disease and Triggers for Intervention

Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Etiology and Natural History of Disease and Triggers for Intervention Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Etiology and Natural History of Disease and Triggers for Intervention John N. Hamaty D.O. FACC, FACOI November 17 th 2017 I have no financial disclosures Primary Mitral

More information

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acute coronary syndrome(s), anticoagulant therapy in, 706, 707 antiplatelet therapy in, 702 ß-blockers in, 703 cardiac biomarkers in,

More information

Surgical Options to Prevent and Treat Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Heart Transplant Recipients

Surgical Options to Prevent and Treat Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Heart Transplant Recipients Surgical Options to Prevent and Treat Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Heart Transplant Recipients Alejandro Bertolotti, MD Favaloro Foundation Argentina Disclosure: Conflict Of Interest Nothing to disclose

More information

Mitral Valve Disease. Chapter 29

Mitral Valve Disease. Chapter 29 Chapter 29 Mitral Valve Disease Thomas R. Griggs Mitral valve leaflets consist of thin, pliable, fibrous material. The two leaflets anterior and posterior open by unfolding against the ventricular wall

More information

Echo in Asymptomatic Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation

Echo in Asymptomatic Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation 2017 ASE Florida Orlando, FL October 9, 2017 10:40 11:00 PM 20 min Grand Harbor Ballroom South Echo in Asymptomatic Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation Muhamed Sarić MD, PhD, MPA Director of Noninvasive Cardiology

More information

Pediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline

Pediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline Pediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline (Outline Summary) # Domain Subdomain Percentage 1 Anatomy and Physiology Normal Anatomy and Physiology 10% 2 Abnormal Pathology and Pathophysiology

More information

MATRIX VHD FORM. State the name of the patient ( Product Recipient ) for whom you are providing the information contained in this form.

MATRIX VHD FORM. State the name of the patient ( Product Recipient ) for whom you are providing the information contained in this form. MATRIX VHD FORM A. Patient Information State the name of the patient ( Product Recipient ) for whom you are providing the information contained in this form. (First Name) (Middle Initial) (Last Name) (Date

More information

Reshape/Coapt: do we need more? Prof. J Zamorano Head of Cardiology University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid

Reshape/Coapt: do we need more? Prof. J Zamorano Head of Cardiology University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid Reshape/Coapt: do we need more? Prof. J Zamorano Head of Cardiology University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid Patient records 76 y.o. male Hypertension. Dyslipidemia. OPLD. Smoked in the past. Diabetes

More information

Χειρουργική Αντιμετώπιση της Ανεπάρκειας της Μιτροειδούς Βαλβίδας

Χειρουργική Αντιμετώπιση της Ανεπάρκειας της Μιτροειδούς Βαλβίδας Χειρουργική Αντιμετώπιση της Ανεπάρκειας της Μιτροειδούς Βαλβίδας Dr Χρήστος ΑΛΕΞΙΟΥ MD, PhD, FRCS(Glasgow), FRCS(CTh), CCST(UK) Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon Normal Mitral Valve Function Mitral Regurgitation

More information

Floppy Mitral Valve (FMV)/Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) and the FMV/MVP Syndrome: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

Floppy Mitral Valve (FMV)/Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) and the FMV/MVP Syndrome: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations Floppy Mitral Valve (FMV)/Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) and the FMV/MVP Syndrome: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations Haris Boudoulas, MD, Dr., Dr. Hon. Professor of Medicine/Cardiovascular

More information

Detailed Order Request Checklists for Cardiology

Detailed Order Request Checklists for Cardiology Next Generation Solutions Detailed Order Request Checklists for Cardiology 8600 West Bryn Mawr Avenue South Tower Suite 800 Chicago, IL 60631 www.aimspecialtyhealth.com Appropriate.Safe.Affordable 2018

More information

Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. ACC/AHA Pocket Guidelines

Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. ACC/AHA Pocket Guidelines ACC/AHA Pocket Guidelines Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines July 2000 ACC/AHA

More information

Uptofate Study Summary

Uptofate Study Summary CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Uptofate Study Summary Acyanotic Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent foramen ovale Patent ductus arteriosus Aortic coartation Pulmonary stenosis Cyanotic Tetralogy

More information

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement How Close Are We?

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement How Close Are We? Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement How Close Are We? Gregory Pavlides, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC Professor of Medicine Miscia Chair of Interventional Cardiology Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories,

More information

Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease

Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease Chapter 31 Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease David A. Tate Acquired disease of the right-sided cardiac valves is much less common than disease of the leftsided counterparts, possibly because of the

More information

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair: What Can We Treat and What Should We Treat

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair: What Can We Treat and What Should We Treat Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair: What Can We Treat and What Should We Treat Innovative Procedures, Devices & State of the Art Care for Arrhythmias, Heart Failure & Structural Heart Disease October 8-10,

More information

ECG Workshop. Nezar Amir

ECG Workshop. Nezar Amir ECG Workshop Nezar Amir Myocardial Ischemia ECG Infarct ECG in STEMI is dynamic & evolving Common causes of ST shift Infarct Localisation Left main artery occlusion: o diffuse ST-depression with ST elevation

More information

Valvular Heart Disease. Dr. HANAN ALBACKR

Valvular Heart Disease. Dr. HANAN ALBACKR Valvular Heart Disease Dr. HANAN ALBACKR Valvular Heart Disease Format for this lecture IMPORTANT CLINICAL INFO know for boards, tests and clinical practice Spectrum of VHD Aortic Valve Mitral Valve Tricuspid

More information

Regurgitant Lesions. Bicol Hospital, Legazpi City, Philippines July Gregg S. Pressman MD, FACC, FASE Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, USA

Regurgitant Lesions. Bicol Hospital, Legazpi City, Philippines July Gregg S. Pressman MD, FACC, FASE Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, USA Regurgitant Lesions Bicol Hospital, Legazpi City, Philippines July 2016 Gregg S. Pressman MD, FACC, FASE Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, USA Aortic Insufficiency Valve anatomy and function LVOT and

More information

Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice

Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice Michael Y. Henein Editor Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice 123 Editor Michael Y. Henein Consultant Cardiologist Umea Heart Centre Umea University

More information

The Edge-to-Edge Technique f For Barlow's Disease

The Edge-to-Edge Technique f For Barlow's Disease The Edge-to-Edge Technique f For Barlow's Disease Ottavio Alfieri, Michele De Bonis, Elisabetta Lapenna, Francesco Maisano, Lucia Torracca, Giovanni La Canna. Department of Cardiac Surgery, San Raffaele

More information

pulmonary valve on, 107 pulmonary valve vegetations on, 113

pulmonary valve on, 107 pulmonary valve vegetations on, 113 INDEX Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, 176 Amyloidosis, 160-161 echocardiographic abnormalities in, 160 intra-mural tumors similar to, 294 myocardial involvement in, 160-161 two-dimensional echocardiography

More information