Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are a more relevant model for assessing drug-induced effects on mitochondrial function

Transcription

1 Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are a more relevant model for assessing drug-induced effects on mitochondrial function than H9C2 cells 16 January 2013 SLAS2013

2 Presentation Outline Stem cell technology icell Cardiomyocytes (hipsc-derived CMs) Genomic Characterization Functional Characterization Bioenergetic Characterization Model Comparison 2

3 Stem Cell Sources ips Cell vs. ESC Origin INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS NEURONAL CELLS HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS CARDIOMYOCYTES RENAL CELLS EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS HEPATOCYTES Source: CDI website;

4 ips Cell Technology Revolutionary Access to Human Biology Differentiate into all 208 cell types in the human body Edit any gene in the genome Differentiation 208 Cell Types Mastery of reprogramming, differentiation, and engineering has the potential to revolutionize biological sciences 6 Billion People Reprogramming Represent any individual genotype 4

5 Company Overview Cellular Dynamics International (CDI) is the world s largest producer of human ips cells and ips cell-derived cell types Headquartered in Madison, WI Currently employs >100 total staff (mostly scientists) ~400 yrs human stem cell experience (in a field ~15 yrs old) >600 patents (owned or licensed) Core competencies Creation and culture of human ips cells Normal and disease phenotypes Genetic engineering of ips cells Lineage and pathway-specific markers can be introduced Development of new differentiation protocols Differentiated cells from all three germ layers Manufacture of human ips cell-derived cell types Scalable production of highly purified cells Partnership with ips Academia Japan enables access and support for CDI s products in Japan The Wall Street Journal Gold Winner: CDI Technology Innovation Awards

6 CDI Product Portfolio icell Products icell Cardiomyocytes first commercial product icell Endothelial Cells launched Q icell Neurons - launched Q icell Hepatocytes pre-commercial release (>13 Bn shipped since July, 2011) Cardiomyocytes Neurons Endothelial Cells Hepatocytes MyCell Custom Products ips Cell Reprogramming Episomal footprint-free method Optimized for small amounts of peripheral blood Feeder-free, defined conditions ips Cell Genetic Engineering ips Cell Differentiation Catalog cell types (e.g. cardiomyocytes, neurons) Custom cell types 6

7 7 icell Cardiomyocytes icell Cardiomyocytes Human ips cell-derived 99% pure, cryopreserved, ready to use. Available in virtually unlimited quantities Full product solution; cells, media, protocols Demonstrate normal human cardiac biology, electrophysiology, and toxicity responses Broad platform utility for discovery and preclinical development

8 CDI s Commitment Quality, Quantity, Purity Key Characteristics for Adoption Exhibit key cellular characteristics Recapitulate normal human biology Reproducible Known and relevant genotype Quality Cell Purity Target Cell (non proliferating) Non-Target Cell (proliferating) Days in Culture Quantity Sufficient to support HTP drug screening and safety testing 8 8 Purity 8

9 icell Cardiomyocytes Genomic and Transcript Characterization Transcriptome Analysis Comparative Analysis icell Cardiomyocytes Gene Category Stem cell Transition Primary Cardiomyocytes Novartis GNF expression atlas Heart expression 10X median tissue expression GO analysis confirms Cardiac-specific enrichment Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Maintenance Stable cardiac gene expression Adapted from Babiarz et al., 2011 icell Cardiomyocytes and adult mrna (ambion) show similar cardiac expression profiles Josh Babiarz, Morgane Adapted Ravon - Roche from Babiarz et al.,

10 icell Cardiomyocytes Protein Expression 10

11 11 icell Cardiomyocytes Electrophysiology Characterization Ionic Currents Spontaneous Action Potentials I Na I Ca-L I to I Kr Ma, et al, Am. J. Physiol., 2011 G αs β1 G αq α1 G αi m2 I funny I K1 Isoproterenol Phenylephrine Carbachol Frequency Concentration (µm) Ma, et al, Am. J. Physiol., 2011 Control Drug

12 12 icell Cardiomyocytes Functional Utility - Contractility / Ca 2+ handling Contraction Determined by edge detection Sunny Z. Sun Ca 2+ Transients

13 Characterization Summary Stable genomic and expression profile Expected protein localization Typical cardiomyocyte electrophysiology Appropriate mechanical activity

14 Bioenergetics Cellular ATP and Bioenergetic Measurements icell Cardiomyocyte Bioenergetic Characterization icell Cardiomyocyte / H9C2 Model Comparison 14

15 Cellular ATP Production Glycolysis Electron Transport Lactate by-product Oxygen consumption 15

16 icell Cardiomyocytes Mitochondrial Profile via XF Analyzer Mitochondrial Function: Using the Mito Stress Kit key parameters of mitochondrial activity can be displayed in a respiration profile

17 Cardiac Energy Sources (Lopaschuk et al, 2010) Cardiomyocytes are omnivores : Can utilize fatty acids, glucose, lactate, ketones, and amino acids Fatty acids are the primary energy source in mature cardiomyocytes Mitochondrial oxidation is critical as glycolysis alone is not enough to meet the energy needs

18 icell Cardiomyocytes Energy Sources icell Cardiomyocytes can survive in glucose and/or fatty acid media Adapted from Rana et al.,

19 icell Cardiomyocytes Energetics icell Cardiomyocytes utilize available energy sources 19 Adapted from Rana et al.,

20 Model Systems Different models, different bioenergetics H9C2 cells Immortalized Rat cardiac cell line icell Cardiomyocytes - Human ipsc-derived cardiomyocytes Fatty Acid Oxidation Glycolysis Oligo FCCP A/R icell CMs Rat H9C2 icell CMs H9C2 icell CMs have greater FAO capacity than H9C2 cells icell CMs have lower glycolytic capacity than H9C2 cells Courtesy of R. Legmann icell Cardiomyocytes metabolism is more similar to native human cardiomyocytes 20 than the H9C2 model 20 20

21 Toxicity Screening Media Effects on Experimental Outcome Assess viability while inhibiting mitochondrial function (rotenone, antimycin, and oligomycin) Media matters! Context inappropriate media can mask outcomes Decreased viability is masked by glucose Adapted from Rana et al.,

22 Discovery Screening Phenotypic Screening for Cardioprotection Cardioprotection is a key strategy for minimizing the effects of ischemia (infarct, reperfusion, etc) Modulating mitochondrial function may be a key phenotypic target A key endpoint could be continued FAO under stress XF Palmitate-BSA FAO Reagent

23 Discovery Screening The Model Influences the Outcome Determine the extent to which the model can actually utilize and modulate FAO Examine OCR in the presence and absence of fatty acid across models icell Cardiomyocytes provide an approximate 10-fold increase in FAO window Courtesy of R. Legmann

24 Summary icell Cardiomyocytes recapitulate in-vivo cardiomyocyte physiology Can utilize FAO or glycolysis for ATP production similar to native tissue Provide a human-based model for mitochondrial-based toxicity testing and phenotypic bioenergetic screening that is more relevant than current models 24

25 Acknowledgements Pfizer Yvonne Will Payal Rana Sandi Engle Sunny Sun Seahorse Bioscience Rachel Legmann Brian Benoit Cellular Dynamics R&D Application Support 25

26 Thank You 26