Senin, 9 Februari 2015 OVERVIEW MODULE HERBAL MEDICINE

Transcription

1 Senin, 9 Februari 2015 OVERVIEW MODULE HERBAL MEDICINE

2 PENDAHULUAN Jumlah Jam /SKS: 29 jam/2 SKS Aktivitas : 1. Kuliah : 8 x 2. Tutorial : 2 scenario (4X) 3. Praktikum : 3 x 4. Examination : minggu ke 7

3 Module Coordinators: Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, M.Si., Apt Module Secretary: dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif, M.Kes. Module Staff: Dra. Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt. dr. Yolanda Dyah Kartika, M.Sc.

4 General instructional objectives Students are expected to understand the use of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca in therapy Learning Objective: To know definition and types of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca To know the meaning of primary and secondary metabolites To know standarization methods in herbal medicine study To know the raw material and pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine. To practice symplisia and extract preparation as basic materials for herbal medicine. To identify secondary metabolites of herbal medicine. To evaluate the meaning of pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca To know the stage of preclinical and clinical trials for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca To know the application of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca in evidence based clinical practice To know the risk and side effect of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca.

5 SILABUS MODUL HERBAL MEDICINE TIU: Mahasiswa dapat mengerti penggunaan herbal medicine dalam menunjang terapi

6 No Topik/Pokok bahasan Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam kegiatan 1. Simplisia and Extract (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati W., MSi., Apt) 1. Mengetahui definisi simplisia, ekstrak, herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka. 2. Mengetahui jenis simplisia, bahan dasar dan penggolongannya. 3. Mengetahui prinsip pembuatan herbal medicine dan Fitofarmaka 4. Mengetahui tahapan uji pengembangan herbal medicine dan Fitofarmaka (in vitro dan in vivo ) Kuliah, praktikum dan tutorial 2. Pengenalan Metabolit sekunder (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si., Apt) 1. Mengetahui definisi metabolit primer dan sekunder. 2. Mengetahui peran metabolit sekunder sebagai senyawa penuntun dalam proses pengembangan fitofarmaka dan obat modern. 3. Mengetahui penggolongan metabolit sekunder dan cara identifikasinya. 4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh aktivitas metabolit sekunder yang sudah ada di pasaran. 5. Dapat mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder dari bahan herbal. Kuliah, tutorial dan praktikum

7 No Topik/Pokok bahasan 3 Standarisasi herbal medicine Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si. Apt. Tujuan Pembelajaran 1. Mengetahui definisi standarisasi herbal medicine. 2. Mengetahui jenis, parameter dan cara standarisasi herbal medicine 3. Mengetahui manfaat standarisasi herbal medicine Macam kegiatan Kuliah dan tutorial 4 Preclinical trials of herbal medicine (dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Dra Tri Murini, M.Si.,Apt) 5 Penggunaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka dalam praktek klinis Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si., Apt. 1. Know the importance of preclinical trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca 2. Understand the stage of preclinical trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca 3. Know some studies of preclinical trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca. 1. Mengetahui jenis bahan herbal yang sering digunakan dalam praktek klinis. 2. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kerugian penggunaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka dalam praktek klinis. 3. Mengetahui beberapa contoh penerapan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka dalam praktek klinis. Kuliah dan tutorial Kuliah dan tutorial

8 No Topik/Pokok bahasan Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam kegiatan 6 Clinical trials of herbal medicine (dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati W.,M.Si.,Apt) 7 Bentuk sediaan Herbal medicine dan Fitofarmaka Dra Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt 8 Safety of herbal medicine and Phytopharmaca dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif.,M.Kes/Dra Tri Murini, M.Si 1. Know the importance of clinical trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca 2. Understand the stage of clinacl trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca 3. Know some studies of clinical trials for herbal medicine phytopharmaca. 1. Mengetahui bahan dasar herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka 2. Mengetahui macam-macam bentuk sediaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka. 3. Mengetahui lambang dan logo sediaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka. 4. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kelemahan bentuk sediaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka 1. Mengetahui resiko terjadinya interaksi antara herbal medicine dan obat modern. 2. Mengetahui interaksi farmakokinetik and farmakodinamik antara herbal medicine dan obat modern 3. Mengetahui efek samping herbal medicine dan Fitofarmaka 4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh interaksi antara herbal medicine dan obat modern, serta contoh efek sampingnya Kuliah dan tutorial Kuliah, tutorial, dan praktikum Kuliah dan tutorial

9 TUTORIAL

10 Sub-module 1: Basic Science of Herbal Medicine Scenario-1 THE MAGIC LEAVES A 45-year-old male patient is diagnosed by the doctor having nephrolithiasis. The doctor advised him to do a surgery, but he is afraid to do so. The patient asked the doctor if he can use herbal medicine because his friend told him to try drinking water extract of tempuyung leaves. The doctor found the information that tempuyung leaves contains flavonoid as one of secondary metabolite. Afterwards, the doctor wonder whether this extract has been standardized for herbal medicine..

11 Sub-module 2: Drug Development of Herbal Medicine and Phytopharmaca Scenario-2 FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE A doctor working in a public health care just read a health journal that publishes efficacy of curcumin capsule, a new drug syntesized from traditional plant. In the journal curcumin capsule is given to cure hepatitis. He know that his work area is rich of medicinal plants and some people live here usually use the plants to relieve their diseases. Further, he want to know how the process of producing a new drug from natural resources such as from plant become modern drugs.

12 1. Simplisia and extract preparation minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si., Apt) To practice symplisia and extract preparation as raw materials for herbal medicine. 2. Identification of secondary metabolic minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, Apt) Able to identify the secondary metabolite of herbal medicine 3. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca minutes (Dra. Tri Murini, MSi., Apt) Able to understand the basic material of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca Able to understand the pharmaceutical dosage forms of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca

13 1. Simplisia and extract preparation PROCEDURE Each group of students ( 2-3 persons ) prepares one simplisia and one extract in this laboratory practice. Extracts are prepared by using infusion and maceration methods A. SIMPLISIA Simplisia of the Curcuma xanthoriza and Curcuma manggo Simplisia of the Sonchus arvensis

14 SIMPLISIA PREPARATION: Rhizome Simplicia Materials : Rhizome: Curcuma Xanthorrhiza, Curcuma domestica, and Curcuma alba Material gathering Rhizomes are collected when the plants have wilted and dried. The main rhizome including their branches all serve as the materials, from which symplisia are to be made. After the roots of the rhizome are cut off and thrown away, the rhizome are washed and then left to dry. Making process The rhizomes are then sliced into 3-up to 4-mm-thick chips and laid on a mat to dry before storage. Leaf Simplisia Material : Sonchus arvensis L leaves Material gathering and the process of simplisia preparation. The leaves of the plants (two months old), are picked and washed. The leaves are covered with a pice of black cloth and left to dry before storage. Another way to dry the leaves are put in the oven set at o C.

15 INFUSION Infusion of Sonchus arvensis Infusion of Curcuma xanthoriza INFUSION PREPARATION: a. Sub group I and II : Preparation of Curcuma xanthoriza (Temulawak) infusion a). Eight gram of Curcuma xanthoriza is put into water until final volume is 200 ml b). It is then heated under (90-96 o C) on a water bath for 15 minutes. c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle. d). Ready to be consumed for natural appetite. b. Sub group III and IV : Preparation of Sonchus arvensis (Tempuyung) infusion. a). A half gram (0,5) of Sonchus arvensis is put into water until final volume is 100 ml b). It is then heated under (90-96 o C) on a water bath for 15 minutes c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle. d). Ready to be consumed for remedy of the kidney stone problem.

16 EXTRACT Metanol extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza Chloroform extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza Metanol extract of the Sonchus arvensis Chloroform extract of the Sonchus arvensis EXTRACT PREPARATION Ten gram of simplisia is macerated in a certain solvent for 24 hours, then it is filtered. The supernatan is evaporated to dryness.

17 2. Identification of secondary metabolite Spotting Silica gel GF254 plate (as Stationary phase) 1. Mark the origin and solvent front on TLC plate with pencil. 2. Take the extract and put it in druple plate, then a little solvent {CHCl 3 +MeOH; (1:1, v/v)} was added to dissolve. 3. Take a little of the extract solution using a capillary tube, and drop it on the TLC plate. 4. Dry the plate using a hair dryer.

18 (1) Mark the origin and solvent front on TLC plate with pencil. (2) Apply sample on the origin as fine 1 cm band. Cont

19 2. Identification of secondary metabolite Development. 1. Make a suitable developing solvent as mobile phase (±4 ml) CHCl3 extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat :3:1, v/v) MeOH/EtOH extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat : 1:1, v/v) 2. Put a mobile phase into a chamber and capped with a watch glass. 3. Put the plate into chamber and let the mobile phase develop the plate. 4. Make sure the origin spot are not below the mobile phase level. 5. When the surface of the mobile phase reaches the upper end of the TLC plate, the development is stopped. 6. Take out the plate from the chamber and let dry it using a hair dryer

20 (3) Put the plate into chamber containing suitable developing solvent and let the solvent develop the plate. (4) Take out the plate from the chamber when the solvent reach the solvent front and let it air dried. Cont

21 Visualization The plate observe using our naked eye, then using UV light 254 and 366 nm. Record the TLC pictures. Spray the plate with specific reagen: Serium sulfat : Terpenoid group Sitroborat : Flavonoid group Dragendorf : Alkaloid group Heat the plate on an oven set at 110 o C for 3 minutes. Finally, record the change of colour.

22 (5) Spray the plates individually with : (a) Serium Sulfat reagent (b) Dragendorf reagent (6) Heat the plate which is sprayed with serium sulfat/dragendorf on hot plate at 110 C to develop colours.

23 Counting Rf values. Rf = Distance spot travels Distance mobile phase travels

24 CARA PERHITUNGAN RF A RF = B = 2,3 = 0,32 A 7,2 B

25 2. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca 1.Evaluate the kind of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca pharmaceutical dosage form. 2.The students are required to evaluate the dosage form of phytopharmaca in market in relation to the brochure. 3.The students are offer to ask questions about dosage form specification.

26 BLUE PRINT ASSESMENT Components of the students work evaluation 1. Tutorial : 20 % (miniquis) 2. Practical work and field visit : 20 % (pretest dan lap) 3. Final exam : 60 % Final exam. (60% of the final score) - 60 minutes/ 60 MCQ : 47 (lecture materials) : 4 (tutorial materials) : 9 (Practical materials) Time : Week 7

27 Terima kasih...