Medicinal plants for urogenital problems

Transcription

1 Medicinal plants in the treatment of urogenital diseases Nóra Papp

2 Medicinal plants for urogenital problems 1. Urogenital infections - new-born babies: boys years: women - elderly people: same ratio - cystitis, infection with E. coli - symptoms: frequent urinary stimulus, painful urination, small volumen - phytotherapy: antimicrobial and diuretic drugs, medical treatment for children 2. Herbs with diuretic effect - for oedema long ago, nowadays to prevent infections as a complementary treatment - complex effect, e.g. flavonoids + essential oil + saponins - improve the water secretion, reduce the development of kidney stones - few studies - contraindication: in hypertonia, oedema, weight loss

3 Medicinal plants for urogenital problems diuretics with plant origin: xantin derivatives (e.g. theobromine, theophyllin); kidney circulation, glomerulus filtration, volumen of primer urine ; not for long-term use osmotic diuretics (mannitol, sorbitol): absorb water and excrete with them treatment e.g.: bladder tea" as adjuvants for cystitis and chronic pyelitis

4 Medicinal plants for urogenital problems Plants with diuretic effect urine disinfectants: kill pathogens or inhibit their reproduction, wash the urinary tracts, reduce inflammation treatment: urine secretion, wash the urinary tract in cystitis, urinary sand, urethritis contraindication: in circulatory and kidney disorders notice: in oedema caused by reduced cardiac and kidney function the "washing therapy" with fluid intake cannot be used! - bacterial infections of the urinary tract: Esherichia coli %, Enterococcus %, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas sp % - urinary disinfectants containing herbal drugs: arbutin, santalol (in essential oil) e.g. cranberries, sandal-tree

5 Medicinal plants for urogenital problems Plants used for kidney stone facilitation the excretion of small stones, prevention of the development of stones, analgesics in kidney cramp, improvement of kidney circulation, anti-inflammatory effect contraindication: serious kidney cramp and urinary infection, liver and kidney disorders, first trimester of pregnancy, in lactation, for children nourishment: no sorrel and spinach (Ca-oxalate), no flesh diet (uric acid stone)

6 Some diuretic drugs Plant / drug name Betula pendula/betulae folium Taraxacum officinale/taraxaci herba et radix Equisetum arvense/equiseti herba Solidago virga-aurea/solidaginis virga-aureae herba Levisticum officinale/levistici radix Urtica dioica/urticae herba Ortosiphon spicatus/ortosiphonis folium Petroselium crispum/petroselini radix Ononis spinosa/ononidis radix Agropyron repens/graminis rhizoma Zea mays/maydis stigma Daily dose 2-3 g 3-4 g 6 g 6-12 g 4-8 g 8-12 g 6-12 g 6 g 12 g 6-9 g 40 g

7 Graminis rhizoma Ph. Hg. VIII. - inulin (polyfructan) essential oil: polyacetylene (agropyren) - diuretic Agropyron repens (Poaceae)

8 EQUISETI HERBA Equisetum arvense summer shoot Ph. Hg. VIII. - silica, acids, saponin, flavonoids, potassium - diuretics

9 Equiseti herba Equisetum arvense! Equisetum palustre

10 Orthosiphonis folium Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (Lamiaceae) - caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, diterpenes (staminol, neo-orthosiphol, orthosiphol), essential oil - diuretic and antiphlogistics drug - for cystitis, bacterial infections of the urinary tract, nephritis, gout, rheuma Ph. Hg. VIII.

11 Levistici radix Levisticum officinale (Apiaceae) - essential oil, coumarin, furocoumarins, sitosterol - diuretic, carminativ drug, stomachicum, for gall and kidney stones Ph.Hg.VIII.

12 Petroselini radix, folium, fructus Petroselinum crispum

13 Petroselini radix

14 Solidaginis herba Ph. Hg. VIII. Solidago canadensis Solidago gigantea

15 Solidaginis herba Tea: diuretic

16 Solidaginis virgaureae herba Ph. Hg. VIII. Solidago virgaurea

17 Betulae folium Ph.Hg.VIII. Betula pendula (Betulaceae)

18 Betulae folium Ph.Hg.VIII. Betula pubescens (Betulaceae)

19 Betulae folium

20 Salus diuretic capsule 64,75 mg Betulae pendulae fol. extr. aquosa sicc. / capsule kidney sand, inflammation of the urinary tract, bacterial infection contraindication: oedema caused by cardiac and kidney failure before eating

21 Ononidis radix Ph.Hg.VIII. Ononis spinosa (Fabaceae)

22 Herbária diuretic tea mixture Ingredients: Chamomillae anthodium Betulae folium Graminis rhizoma Menthae pip. folium Liquiritiae rhizoma et radix Levistici radix Equiseti herba Urticae folium

23 Naturland Salaktalanító tea mixture Ingredients: Ribis nigri folium, Menthae piperitae folium, Hibisci flos - contraindication: inflammation of the gall bladder, gall stone, simultaneous use of other diuretics - 1 cure = max. 3 months - break between 2 cures: min. 1 month

24 Naturland Salaktalanító Plus tea mixture Ingredients: Solidaginis herba Sambuci flos Urticae folium Taraxaci radix Ribis nigri folium Hibisci flos Graminis rhizoma Menthae piperitae folium

25 Pannonhalmi Salaktalanító tea mixture Ingredients: 0,450 g Graminis rhizoma 0,375 g Agrimoniae herba 0,375 g Taraxaci radix 0,225 g Polygoni avicularis herba use with many fluid max. for 3 months contraindication: allergy and hypersensitivity for any ingredient, simultaneous use of other diuretics not recommended under 12 years possible interaction with anticoagulants NO side effects

26 Naturland Vesevédő tea mixture Ingredients: Chelidonii herba, Solidaginis herba, Urticae folium, Equiseti herba, Agrimoniae herba - contraindication: urine volumen < 1 L, oedema caused by cardiac and kidney failure - simultaneous use with other diuretics: it can improve their effect - for max. 3 months

27 0,60 g Uvae ursi folium 0,50 g Millefolii herba 0,50 g Agrimoniae herba 0,40 g Urticae folium 0,25 g Equiseti herba 0,25 g Betulae folium UROGIN tinktúra contraindication: alcoholism, epilepsy, liver disorders, in lactation and pregnancy, simultaneous use with other diuretics not recommended under 12 years possible side effects: nausea, vomiting, allergic reaction, hypersensitivity max. 3 days

28 Urinary disinfectants Notice: The effect of essential oils is not useful because of their glucuronide form in the urine.

29 Uvae ursi folium Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Ericaceae Drug: Uvae ursi folium (Ph. Hg. VII., Ph. Eur. 4., Ph. Hg. VIII.) Compounds: 5-12% hydroquinone derivatives: arbutin, hydroquinone, methylarbutin, piceozid, 15-20% gallotannin and catechin derivatives, flavonoids, triterpenes Medicinal use: urinary disinfectant, antibacterial, nephritis, cystitis -for defined time because of the tannin content -few human studies -3g/day (4x) -max. 5 cures/year -contraindication: pregnancy, lactation, under 12 years

30 Vitis-idaeae folium Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Ericaceae Drug: Vitis-idaeae folium, Vitisidaeae fructus, Vitis-idaeae flos Compounds: -leaf: 3-8% arbutin, 6 -O-acetilarbutin, hydroquinone genciobiosid, phenyl-glycoside (salidrosid), catechin, flavonoids -fruit: organic acids (benzoic acid, salicilic acid), sugars, vitamins, proanthocianidins, carotenoids -flower: arbutin, hydroquinone Medicinal use: urinary disinfectant, antibacterial, cystistis, nephritis, gout, rheuma; fruit = astringent, antimicotic

31 BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) 60 years: 50%, 85 years: 100% mechanical symptoms: longer and periodic urination irritative symptoms: frequent urinary stimulus and urination by night reason: high level of dihydrotestosterone phytotherapy: popular treatments, but the medical diagnosis is essential (prostate cancer); herbal products of e.g. pumpkin seed, dwarf palm (sabal), African plum tree

32 Serenoa repens / ARECACEAE Sabalis serrulatae fructus (Ph. Eur. 4., Ph. Hg. VIII.) Compounds: fatty oil, β-sitosterol and glycosides, flavonoids, polysaccharides Medicinal use: - for oedema and inflammation, prostate hyperplasia I and II g/day or 320 mg standardized extract - its compounds can influence the hormon system - several clinical studies on seed extract

33 Sabalis serrulatae fructus

34 Prostamol Uno (capsule) - Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata (fruit extract) - BPH, frequent urinary stimulus and hight urination - medicine of plant origin - use: prevention of further enlargement of the prostate tissues, reduction of the bladder pressure - contraindication: hypersensitivity for the fruit extract or colouring substances of the capsule

35 Herbária Prostata tea mixture Ingredients: 0,40 g Urticae radix 0,35 g Solidaginis herba 0,20 g Sabalis serrulatae fructus 0,05 g Menthae piperitae folium Medicinal use: - BPH, painful and frequent urinary stimulus - contraindication: allergy for any ingredients - no known interaction - when the symptoms do not became better doctor

36 Pruni africanae cortex Prunus africana (Rosaceae) drug: Pruni africanae cortex (Ph. Hg. VIII.) compounds: triterpenes, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid medicinal use: bark with milk for urinary diseases, aphrodisiac, BPH rarely side effects: diarrhoea, constipation, stomach pains preclinical studies: on prostate fibroblasts, anti-inflammatory and lipooxigenaseinhibiting effects

37 Cucurbitae semen (DAB) Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) - drug: Cucurbitae semen - compounds: 40-50% fatty oil, 20-25% protein, sterines - seed oil: vitamin A and E, squalene - seed: Zn, Se - BPH I and II, 10 g/day

38 Ingredients: seed oil of pumpkin PEPONEN capsule Medicinal use: - reduction of accompanying symptoms of BPH - prevention and complementary treatment of circulatory diseases - contraindication: hypersensitivity - it can modify the effect of anticoagulants - not recommended in lactation (few data) - use: after eating with fluid, min. for 1 month (in prevention of circulatory problems for 6 months) - possible side effects: diarrhoea, allergic reactions

39 Epilobii herba - Onagraceae - Epilobium parviflorum, E. roseum, E. montanum, E. gallinum - drug: aerial parts - main compounds: -sitosterol, flavonoids, gallic acid - anti-inflammatory effect: inhibit the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 - for prostate hyperplasia - 1,5-2 g/day - tea, tablets - no evidences in human studies E. parviflorum E. roseum

40 Urticae radix et folium Urtica dioica, Urtica urens Urticae folium (DAB) = Urticae herba (Ph.Helv., DAC) Urticae (majoris) herba Urticae radix (DAB) (= rhizoma) Urticae fructus (= semen) Urticae dioica ad praeparationes homeopaticas (Ph.Eur.4., Ph.Hg.VIII., Urticae folium)

41 Urticae radix et folium -main compounds: acethylcoline, histamine, -sitosterol, cholesterol, serotonin -medicinal use: prostate hyper-plasia (4-6 g/day), anti-inflamma-tory effect - use for several months -aerial part: diuretic (not strong), excretion of chloride and carbamid, for inflammation of tendons and urinary tract -decoction for fatty skin of the head and for dandruff externally, for hair

42 Rye pollen popular: Japan, USA, Western Europe pollen mixture of rye + maize + catstail anti-inflammatory effect, inhibition of 5-a-reductase, blocking of a-receptor few human studies mg/day for 3 months possible allergy

43 Hypoxis rooperi, H. aurea - AMARYLLIDACEAE - drug: Hypoxidis tuber - South Africa - main compounds: β-sitosterin + its glycosides - medicinal use: extracts and herbal products inhibit the prostaglandin synthesis, BPH mg/day for 6 months

44 Herbal products for gynaecological diseases and menstrual pains

45 Premenstrual syndrom PMS 7-10 days before menstruation symptoms: head-ache, skin disorders, nervosity, irritability, mood change, sleeping disturbance women s 30-80% are affected change of hormon level fluid retention phytotherapy: Vitex agnus-castus: reduces the prolactin level contraindication: liver and kidney diseases, hypersensitivity to any ingredient

46 Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) - drug: Agni casti fructus, Ph. Hg. VIII. - main compounds: iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenes, essential oil (pinen, cineol), fatty oil - medicinal use: in vitro animal models / dopaminerg, prolactininhibitor, it do not influence FSH hormon and LH hormon - for menopausal complaints, premenstrual symptoms, irregular menstruation - in homeopathy - phytotherapy: 0,02-0,04 g/day; alcoholic extract - regular use min. during 3 menstruations - contraindication: pregnancy, lactation, breast and thyroid cancer

47 Medicinal use: Agnucaston filmtablet (medicine) - irregular menstruation, premenstrual symptoms, breast tension - 1 tablet / day with plenty fluid - for several months without break - when the symptoms get off, after it the cure should be also continued for some weeks - contraindication: hypersensitivity to any ingredient; galactose intolerance, lactation - simultaneous use with other dopaminerg medicines: the effect of the others can reduce - possible side effects: allergic skin reactions, gastrointestinal disorders, sometimes hallucination and confusion

48 Mastodynon drops (homeopathic medicine) Ingredients: Vitex agnus castus (Agnus castus)d1, Caulophyllum thalictroides D4, Cyclamen europaeum (Cyclamen) D4, Strychnos ignatii (Ignatia) D6, Iris versicolor (Iris) D2, Lilium lancifolium (Lilium tigrinum) D3. - use for sterility, menstrual disorders, premenstrual symptoms, fibrocystic mastopathia - reduction of prolactin level (preclinical studies!) - contraindication: simultaneous use of essential oil (mint, eucalyptus) containing drops, fragrant toothpaste - possible side effects: nausea, itching, rash, headache, back-ache

49 MECSEK Menses tea mixture Content: 0,210 g Matricariae flos 0,175 g Millefolii herba 0,175 g Bursae pastoris herba 0,140 g Foeniculi dulcis fructus - use: for premenstrual symptoms, spasmolytic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory effect - 35 days before menstruation - contraindication: cross sensitivity to plants belonging to Asteraceae family anaphylaxial shock, asthmatic attack

50 Phytoestrogens isoflavonoids: soybean (genistein, daidzein), hop (8-prenylnaringenin) stilbenes: trans-resveratrol, Rubus sp., peanut lignans: indirect role; green tea, flax seed, strawberry coumestans: coumestrol, 4 -methoxy-coumestrol, soybean germ, legumens Glycine max (Fabaceae) - soybean phospholipids: bone roborant, normalisation of lipid metabolism isoflavonoids: reduce the discomfort and side effects in menopausa Remiflavon capsule from Austria: isoflavonoid containing product

51 Herbal drugs for complaints in menopausa

52 Menopausa level of progesteron-estrogen level of LH and FSH symptoms (neuro-psychovegetativ, somatic): 70% heatwaves 50% depression, sleeping disturbance, nervosity 40% reduction of libido 30% headache, dizziness, cardiac disorders risk of osteoporosis, circulatory problems can be reduced with hormons (side effects!) selective estrogen modulator medicines phytotherapy: Cimicifuga racemosa, phytoestrogens contraindication: estrogen dependent cancer types

53 Cimicifuga racemosa root and rhizome collected in autumn triterpene glycosides: cimicifugosid, actein; isoflavonoids for premenstrual migrene, cramps, sleeping disturbance, sweating, irregular menstruation Cimicifuga containing products for women in menopausa who has a high risk for breast cancer (and in breast cancer as an alternative method of hormon therapy) mg/day, standardized extract consult the doctor in long-term therapy

54 REMIFEMIN tablet - rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa - for menopausal symptoms - contraindication: hypersensitivity to any ingredient - notice: the product includes lactose which should be attended to patients suffered from lactose intolerance - effectiveness only after 2 weeks, improvement is continuous - consult the doctor every 6 months to control the effect of the product - possible side effects: rash, itching, gastrointestinal disorders - sometimes liver damage, but the reason is not proved in relation of this product

55 Herbária Lady Klimax tea mixture Content: 0,3 g Crataegi summitas 0,15 g Alchemillae acut. herb. 0,15 g Hyperici herba 0,15 g Millefolii herba 0,15 g Foeniculi fructus 0,12 g Salviae folium 0,12 g Melissae herba 0,06 g Menthae pip. folium as a taste corrigent Use: - heatwaves, night sweating, bad humour, irritability and obesity in menopausa - this tea can be used after hysterectomy, ovariectomy and mastectomy

56 Herbária Lady Klimax tea mixture - contraindication: reduced kidney function, untreated malignant cancer types, hypersensitivity to any ingredient - photosensitivity (Hypericum p.!): patients should avoid the strong sunshine, solarium etc. - simultaneous use (Hypericum content!) is not recommended with coumarin-type anticoagulants, drugs for HIV and epilepsy, Digoxin, cyclosporin, theophyllin containing products - rarely allergic skin reaction (rash, itching) in patients with white skin - preparation of tea: use of metal tools are not recommended they promote the fast breakdown of the ingredients.