INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

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p-issn - 2395-3985 e-issn - 2348-0173 Vol - 3 / Issue - 5 / Sept - Oct - 2015 Free Full Text @ www.ijaam.

1 p-issn e-issn Vol - 3 / Issue - 5 / Sept - Oct Free Full I J A A M INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Bi-Monthly Peer Reviewed Indexed International Journal

2 REVIEW ARTICLE Impact Factor (2014) by International Scientific Indexing (ISI) UAE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RASAYANA DRAVYAS FROM BHAVPRAKASH NIGHANTU ON THE BASIS OF RASAPANCHAKA Dhalpe Bipin 1*, Kulkarni Yogini 2 1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu), Mumbai, Contact No , - bipindhalpe@gmail.com 2. Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, PDEA S College of Ayurveda and Research Centre, Nigdi Pune, MS Article Received on - 25 th Oct 2015 Article Revised on - 30 th Oct 2015 Article Accepted on - 5 th Nov 2015 All articles published in IJAAM are peer-reviewed and can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for non commercial purpose (see copyright notice below). (Full Text Page IJAAM This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

REVIEW ARTICLE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RASAYANA DRAVYAS FROM BHAVPRAKASH NIGHANTU ON THE BASIS OF RASAPANCHAKA *Corresponding Author Dhalpe Bipin Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu), Mumbai Contact No.

3 REVIEW ARTICLE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RASAYANA DRAVYAS FROM BHAVPRAKASH NIGHANTU ON THE BASIS OF RASAPANCHAKA *Corresponding Author Dhalpe Bipin Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu), Mumbai Contact No , - bipindhalpe@gmail.com QR Code IJAAM ABSTRACT: Bhavprakash Nighantu is a clinically important Nighantu as compared to other nighantu granathas. The Rasayana dravyas contributes to the promotion of health, longevity and prevention of diseases, which leads to the sustainability of Ojus status resulting increase in immunity. By screening rasayana dravyas from bhavprakash nighantu can give useful information regarding use of these Rasayana dravyas in daily routine to adopt healthy life style. The literary screening inferred that there is about 21 Audadhid dravyas are recommended as rasayana in sutras, but their action as rasayana is not defined on the basis of their rasapanchakas. A literary review of rasapanchakas of these rasayana dravyas explained in bhavprakash Nighantu is done to make an attempt to assess their probable mode of action as rasayana. Key Words: Rasayana, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Rasapanchaka INTRODUCTION The term Rasayana (Rasa + Ayana) essentially refers to nutrition and nourishment. More specifically refers to bioavailability of nutrition. In today s busy era maintaining good health has become as a big challenge. Due to sedentary life style and faulty dietary habits lead to various disorders. In order to conquer such hazards use of Rasayna dravyas will be beneficial. The Rasayana drugs and formulations provides longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from disorders, youthful age, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, oratory, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, respectability and brilliance. Bhavaprakash Nighantu is a well-known nighantu amongst other nighantu granthas in ayurveda. Most of the ayurveda physicians refer bhavaprakash nighantu in day to day practice. In Bhavaprakash Nighantu there are 21dravyas explained as rasayana in sutras. This review article will throw light on probable mode of action of rasayana dravyas on the basis of their rasapanchakas. On critical review all the dravyas explained as rasayana are possessing rasayana Karma related pharmacological activity.maximum dravyas are having Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka and Sheeta Veerya. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1) To enlist dravyas mentioned as rasayana in sutras of Bhavaprakash Nighantu 2) To screen the above selected dravyas to assess their probable action as rasayana. 3) To classify the dravas on the basis of rasadi properties, doshaghnata and also specific pharmacological actions responsible for rasayana karma. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1) Bhavaprakash Nighantu by Krishna Chandra Chunekar commentary. 2) Pubmed and Google scholar websearch regarding rasayana action. Methods 1) Dravyas mentioned as rasayana in sutras from Bhavaprakash Nighantu are enlisted. 2) The review of the selected Rasayana dravyas from Bhavaprakash Nighantu for their Rasadi properties, doshaghnata, part used, Sanskrit names, Latin names and its Rasayana related pharmacological activity were taken. 3) The Pub Med and Google scholar web search of enlisted rasayana dravyas was done for their rasayana action as per modern pharmacology. 4) The classification of dravyas on the basis of above review done. 5) Critical analysis of these dravyas to assess probable, mode of action as rasayana on the basis of their rasadi properties, doshaghnata and modern pharmacological activities responsible for rasayana karma. Page246

4 Table No 1: List of Dravyas along with their Family, Latin name and Part used. [1] Dravyanam Family Latin Name Useful Part Haritaki Combrataceae Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Amalaki Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus emblica Gaertn. Fruit Pippali Piperaceae Piper longum Linn. Fruit, Root Bakuchi Leguminosae Psoralia corylifolia Linn. Seed, Oil Lashun Amaryllidaceae Allium Sativum Linn. Bulb, Oil Guggul Burseraceae Commiphora mukul DC. Resin Guduchi Menispermaceae Tinospora cordifolia Willd Stem, Leaves Gambhariphal Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea Roxb. Root, Fruit Shalparni Fabaceae Desmodium gangeticum DC. Root, Whole Plant Jivanti Asclepiadaceae Leptadenia reticulate Ketz. Root, Fruit Vidarikand Fabaceae Pueraria tuberose DC. Rhizome Mushali Asparagaceae Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Rhizome Shatavari Asparagaceae Asparagus racemosus Willd. Rhizome Ashwagandha Solanaceae Withania somnifera L. Root Vridhhadaru Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa L. Root Kumari Liliaceae Aloe Vera L. Leaves Bhringraj Asteraceae Eclipta alba L. Whole Plant, Seeds Kakamachi Solanaceae Solanum nigruml. Whole Plant, Fruit Shankhapushpi Convolvulaceae Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy Whole Plant Brahmi Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monnieri L. Whole Plant Shalmali Bombacaceae Bombax malabaricum DC. Root, Flower, Resin Table 2:_Dravya List along with Rasapanchaka information [1] Dravyanam Rasa Vipaka Veerya Guna Doshaghnata Haritaki Lavanarahitpancharas, Kashaya pradan Madhuar Ushna Laghu, Rukshsa Tridoshahar Amalaki Lavanarahitpancharas, Guru, Rukshsa, Madhuar Sheeta Amlapradan Sheeta Tridoshahar Pippali Katu Madhur AnushnaSheeta Laghu, Snigdha, Teekshna Kaphavatashamak Bakuchi Katupikta Katu Ushna Laghu, Rukshsa Kaphavatashamak Lashun Amlarahitpancharas Katu Ushna Snigdha, Teekshna, Guru, Sara, Pichhil Kaphavatashamak Guggul Tiktakatu Katu Ushna Laghu, Rukshsa, Teekshna, Vishada, Tridoshahar Sukshma, Sugandhi Guduchi Tiktakashaya Madhura Ushna Guru, Snigdha Tridoshashamak Gambharipha Madhurkashaya Madhura Sheeta Guru, Snigdha Vatapitashamak Shalparni Madhurtikta Madhura Ushna Guru, Snigdha Tridoshashamak Jivanti Madhura Madhura Sheeta Laghu, Snigdha Tridoshahar Vidarikand Madhura Madhura Sheeta Guru, Snigdha Vatapitashamak Mushali Madhura Madhura Sheeta Guru, Snigdha Vatapitashamak Shatavari Madhurtikta Madhura Sheeta Guru, Snigdha Vatapitashamak Ashwagandha Tiktakatumadhura Madhura Ushna Laghu, Snigdha Kaphavatashamak Vridhhadaru Katutiktakashaya Madhura Ushna Laghu, Snigdha Kaphavatashamak Kumari Katu Katu Sheeta Guru, Snigdha,Pichhil kaphapittanashak Bhringraj Katutikta Katu Ushna Laghu, Rukshsa Kaphavatashamak Kakamachi Tikta Katu Anushna Laghu, Snigdha Tridoshashamak Shankhapushpi Tikta Madhura Sheeta Snigdha,Pichhil Tridoshahar Brahmi Tikta Katu Ushna Laghu Kaphavatashamak Shalmali Madhura Madhura Sheeta Laghu, Snigdha,Pichhil Vatapitashamak Page247 Table 3:-Rasayana Dravya as per their Veerya. [1] Virya No. Of Dravyas Ushna 10 Sheeta 10 Anushna 1

5 Table 4:-Rasayana Dravya as per their Rasa. [1] Rasa No. of Dravyas Madhura 8 Katu 2 Tikta 3 Katu-tikta 3 Tikta-kashaya 1 Tikta-katu- madhura 1 Katu-tikta-kashaya 1 Lavanarahitpancharas, Kashaya pradan 1 Lavanarahitpancharas, Amlapradan 1 Table 5:-Rasayana Dravya as per their Rasa. [1] Vipaka No. of Dravyas Madhuara 14 Katu 7 Table 6:-Rasayana Dravya as per their Guna. [1] Guna No. of Dravyas Laghu- Rukshsa 3 Guru- Rukshsa- Sheeta 1 Laghu- Snigdha- Teekshna 1 Snigdha- Teekshna- Guru- Sara- Pichhil 1 Laghu- Rukshsa- Teekshna- Vishada- Sukshma- Sugandhi 1 Guru- Snigdha 6 Laghu- Snigdha 4 Guru- Snigdha-Pichhil 1 Snigdha-Pichhil 1 Laghu 1 Laghu- Snigdha-Pichhil 1 Table 7:-Rasayana Dravya as per their Doshghanata. [1] Doshaghnata No. of Dravyas Tridoshahar /Tridoshashamak 8 Kaphavatashamak 7 Vatapittashamak 5 Kaphapittanashak 1 Table 8:-Rasayana drugs along with their related Pharmacological Activity Responsible for Rasayana Karma Dravyanam Haritaki [2] Amalaki [19] Pippali [20] Bakuchi [21] Lashun [17] Guggul [15] Guduchi [14] Gambhariphal [13] Shalparni [12] Jivanti [16] Vidarikand [8] Mushali [18] Shatavari [21] Ashwagandha [11] Vridhhadaru [9] Kumari [7] Bhringraj [3] Kakamachi [10] Shankhapushpi [5] Brahmi [4] Shalmali [6] Related Pharmacological Activity Responsible for Rasayan Karma, Ati-aging, Adaptogenic, Cytoprotective, Adaptogenic Antioxidant Antioxidant, Anti-stress Antioxidant Antioxidant, Anti-depressent Nootropic, Anti-stress, Adaptogenic, Anti-stress, Adaptogenic,Anti-aging Immunomodulatory, Nootropic, Antioxidant, Anti-aging Antioxidant, Anti-stress, Anti-depresent, Nootropic Antioxidant, Anti-stress, Anti-depresnet, Adatopgenic Antioxidant,Androgenic& Anabolic Page248

6 DISCUSSION As Rasapanchakas are concerned 08 dravyas are having Madhura Rasa and 14 dravyas having Madhura Vipaka. Out of 21 dravyas screened from Bhavaprakasha nighantu 20 dravyas are having antioxidant activity.14 dravyas had proved for their immune-modulatory action. It was observed that most of the dravyas possessed Madhura rasa and Madhuravipaka.08 dravyas are possessing Tridoshahara property.guna point of view 06 dravyas are having Guru, Snigdha guna and 04dravyas are having laghu, snigdha guna.as per Veerya is concerned about 10 dravyas are having Sheeta veerya and 10 dravyas are having Ushna veerya. The Rasayana dravya may act at various levels of bio-system to promote nutrition; at the level of agni by promoting digestion and metabolism, at level of strotas by promoting microcirculation and tissue perfusion and at the level of dhatu from Rasa to Shukra, ultimately resulting in increased amount of Ojus. Maximum dravyas which are screened are having Sheeta veerya, Guru snigdha guna and Madhura Vipaka.Sheeta veerya, Guru snigdha guna and madhura vipaka which are responsible for SaptadhatuVardhana starting from from first Dhatu Rasa to last Dhatu shukra, which ultimately increases Saptadhatu Sara i.e. Ojus. In Ayurveda it has been cited that more the amount of Oja more the rasayana action.also there are ushna veerya dravyas which are having rasayana karma by increasing Sapta dhatwagni vardhana leading to Prashasta Saptadhatu and oja. In this context these ushna veerya dravyas are having laghu,snigdha gunas which helps in srotoshodhana process. Most of the dravyas having tridoshahara property by which they maintain tridosha balance which leads to rasayana karma. Page249

7 CONCLUSION Out of 21 Dravyas screened from Bhavaprakasha nighantu, Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka, Guru snigdha Guna and Tridoshahara Karma are predominant amongst the Rasayana dravya group. Ushna and Sheeta veerya equally contribute for the rasayana karma. All 21 dravyas show Rasayana related pharmacological activity on screening. About20 dravyas are having antioxidant activity. As per the modern science antioxidant property is responsible for rejuvenation, which validates that rasayana dravyas explained by Bhavaprakash nighantu are supported by modern pharmacology. Routine use of these Rasayana dravyas will promote life, maintain positive health and prevent youth by maintaining balance of tridosha and psyche. REFERENCE 1. Dr. Chunekar K.C., Dr. Pandye, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, 7 th ed. 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J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(5): Source of Support Nil Conflict of Interest None Declared Page250

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

p-issn - 2395-3985 e-issn - 2348-0173 Vol - 3 / Issue - 5 / Sept - Oct - 2015 Free Full Text @ www.ijaam.org I J A A M www.ijaam.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Bi-Monthly