PREVALANCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE REGIONAL CORERCTIONAL CENTER

Transcription

1 PREVALANCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE REGIONAL CORERCTIONAL CENTER Survey Results April Prepared for: Jackson County Mental Health Fund Mental Health Court Commission Funded by: Jackson County Community Mental Health Fund

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3 This report was prepared by: Eddie R. Liedtke Amber Pickman, M.A. With a special thanks to Stephanie Boyer and staff at the Regional Correctional Center Printed May, Donna Bushur MSW Executive Director Resource Development Institute 8 Southwest Trafficway Kansas City, Missouri Preferred Citation: Resource Development Institute. (, April. Prevalence of Mental Illness in the Kansas City Regional Correctional Center, April. Kansas City, MO: Author. Kansas City s Leader for Evaluation, Research and Consultation Services Since 95

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... METHODOLOGY... RESULTS... Response Rate... Demographics... Gender... Race/Ethnicity... Age... Education... Residence... Mental Illness... 5 Mental Health Questions... 5 Since being incarcerated have you seen Dr. Beltran?... Mental Health Needs... 8 Substance Abuse... 9 Substance Abuse Questions... 9 Co-Occurring Disorder... Current Charges... Recidivism... CONCLUSIONS...

5 INTRODUCTION Over the years, detainees in Kansas City, Missouri municipal correctional facilities have assumed increasing importance in Jackson County s Mental Health Court (MHC). Continuing points of discussion have been the prevalence of mental illness among municipal detainees and the potential fit between their characteristics (criminal, psychological, demographic) and the requirements for diversion into MHC. MHC Commissioners have requested periodic updates on the data in order to help monitor the number of potential individuals who could be served by MHC. This report presents the seventh set of findings in this on-going study of Prevalence of Mental Illness among detainees at Kansas City Regional Correctional Center. The initial Prevalence of Mental Illness Survey in the municipal correctional facilities (often referred to as the Snicker Survey) was conducted in July, to assess the incidence of mental illness among detainees at the Kansas City Municipal Correction Institution (MCI), now called the Regional Correctional Center (RCC). After the results were presented to the MHC Commission, Resource Development Institute (RDI) was asked to conduct a follow-up study in November,. In June, 5, RDI administered the survey a third time, with the addition of a few new questions regarding services, and in November 5, RDI administered the survey for a fourth time. Since then RDI administered the survey in,, and now in. METHODOLOGY The Prevalence of Mental Illness Survey created and administered to detainees at MCI in, and has been utilized in subsequent cycles. The survey asks respondents to provide information regarding their mental health and substance abuse issues; treatment needs; and needs to help prevent recidivism. The Prevalence of Mental Illness Survey was administered to detainees at RCC by the Assistant to the Director of Administrative Services, Stephanie Boyer, her staff and RDI evaluator on April 5,. Participation in the survey was voluntarily and the detainees were provided with a candy bar for their time and participation. Data collection methods were identical to those reported by RDI in Prevalence of Mental Illness at the Municipal Correction Institution, 5. PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

6 RDI was responsible for coding, entering, and analyzing the data obtained from the survey. RDI reports the aggregate results and trends. Responses may not equal due to rounding. RESULTS Response Rate According to records provided by RCC, the detainee population on April 5, was. Survey results for were based on a total of completed surveys, which constituted an 99% rate of response. In and 5 semi-annual surveys were administered. Results for a were based on 9 completed surveys, b completed surveys, 5a completed surveys, 5b completed surveys, 8 completed surveys and surveys were completed. Demographics Gender Over three-fourths, (8%) of the respondents were male and (%) female. The male population has remained consistent over the years. In there was a slight increase in the female population which has decreased. Presented in Figure is % of gender by year. 8 Figure. Gender by Year 9% 8% 8% 9% 8 8% % 9% % 8% % % % % Male Female Race/Ethnicity One hundred eleven (8%) of the respondents indicated they were African-American, with (%) indicating they were Caucasian, 9 (%) Hispanic/Latino, five (%) Native American, one Asian (%) and one (%) was Jamaican. Race/ ethnicity of respondents across the years have remained fairly consistent. Presented in Table is Race/Ethnicity by year. PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

7 Table. Race/Ethnicity by Years Race/Ethnicity African American 5 9 () (5%) (9%) (.%) (%) (8%) Caucasian (8%) (%) () (.%) (8%) (%) (%) Hispanic/Latino (5%) (5%) (.5%) (%) (5%) (%) Native American 5 (%) (%) (%) (.9%) (%) (%) (%) Bi-Racial (%) (%) (5%) (.5%) (%) (5%) () Asian (.) (.) () (.9%) () () (%) Jamaican () () () () () () (%) Age The youngest respondent was 9 and the oldest was 5 years of age, with an average age of 8. The average age of respondents across the years has remained fairly consistent. Presented in Figure is the summary of age by year. Figure : Age by Year Average age Youngest Oldest Education Sixty-two (8%) of the respondents had dropped out of school (9; %) after 8 th grade and (5; %) in high school. Seventy-two (%) had a high school degree or GED, (%) had some college or technical school (- years) and nine (%) were a college graduate. The average range across the years for individuals who reported having completed or GED has remained fairly consistent. April survey results represent an increase in the number of detainees PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

8 completed college. Presented in Figure is the percent of respondent s education by year. Figure : Education by Year Drop Out Some College or Tech School High School Degree or GED College Graduate 5 % 5% % % % % - 8% % % % % 8% 8% % % % % % % % % Residence In, respondent s zip codes at the time of incarceration were added to the second survey. Presented in Table are zip codes grouped by the area of the city where respondents were residing at the time of incarceration. Individual Zip Codes are available upon request. Table. Respondents Zip Codes of Residence at Incarceration by Year Year Other* Total a N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A b 9 8 (8%) (58.) (5%) () 5a (9%) (%) (5%) () () 5b (%) (%) 5 (%) (%) (%) (8%) 5 (%) (%) (5%) (%) (%) (5%) 5 (5%) () 5 (%) (.) (%) (%) *Other: Zip Codes outside of Missouri. **Zip Codes were not provided by all respondents completing the survey. () 8** (.) ** () 5** (9%) PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

9 Mental Illness Mental Health Questions Respondents were asked a series of questions to determine whether or not they had a mental illness. Survey questions included: ) if they think or have been told they have a mental health problem; ) if they have ever seen a psychologist, psychiatrist, or counselor; ) if they have ever been admitted to Western Missouri Mental Health Center (Center for Behavioral Medicine) or any other Mental Health Center; ) if they have ever taken medication for a mental health problem; and 5) if they have ever attempted to harm or kill themselves. Responses to each question are presented below. Do you think or been told you have a mental health problem? Seventy-three (5%) of the respondents indicated yes they think or have been told that they have a mental health problem, and 9 (5%) responded no. These results continue to represent a decrease from the survey results that showed a significant increase from the previous years. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. 8 5 Figure : Do you think or have you been told that you have a mental health problem? Yes by Year 5% % % 5% % % 5% Been to a psychiatrist, psychologist or counselor Eighty of the respondents (9%) responded yes they have been to psychiatrist, psychologist or counselor, 8(5%) responded no. This represents a decrease from the survey results that showed a significant increase from the last 5 survey, but appears to be within the average range across the years. Presented in Figure 5 are Yes responses by Year Figure 5. Have you been to a psychiatrist, psychologist or counselor? Yes by Year % 9% % 58% % 9% PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL 5

10 Admitted to a Mental Health Center Thirty-seven of the respondents (%) responded yes they have been admitted to Western Missouri Mental Health Center (Center for Behavioral Medicine), or another Mental Health Center; (%) responded no. This represents a decrease from the survey in which showed a significant increase, but appears to be within the average range across the years. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. 5 - Figure. Admissions to a Mental Health Center Yes by Year % 9% % 9% % Number of Times Admitted to a Mental Health Center The survey was expanded in 5 to include how many times respondents were admitted to a Mental Health Center. The number of times respondents reported being admitted to a Mental Health Center is presented in Table by year. 5a 5b Admitted One Time (8%) (%) () (%) Table. Number of Times Admitted to a Mental Health Center by Year Admitted Admitted Admitted Admitted Admitted Admitted Admitted Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Times Times Times Times Times Times Times (%) (%) (9%) (.%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (.) (.) (%) () () (.) (.) (%) () () (.) (.%) () () () () () ` (%) (%) () () () (%) Admitted Ten Times (%) () (.) (.%) (%) Admitted Twenty Times () (%) () () () PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

11 Taken medicine for a nervous or mental health condition Fifty-four of the respondents (%) responded yes they have taken Figure. by Year medication for a nervous or mental health condition, and 9 (%) % responded no. This represents a 5 significant decrease from the % % % survey results that represented a % 9% significant increase from the last 5 survey but appears to be just 5% slightly higher than previous years. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. - Tried to harm or kill self Twenty-seven of respondents (%) responded yes to the question of whether they have tried to harm or kill themselves, (8%) responded no. This represents a significant decrease from the survey that represented a significant increase from the last 5 survey, but appears to be within the average range across the years. Presented in Figure 8 are Yes responses by year. 5 Figure 8. Ever tried to harm or kill yourself by Year % 9% 5% % % % % Since being incarcerated have you seen Dr. Beltran? In 5 the survey was expanded to include the following Mental Health Questions: ) Whether or not they have seen the contracted psychiatrist, since being incarcerated and ) what would help them to meet their mental health needs. In April, Twenty-four respondents (5%) responded yes they had seen Dr. 5 Figure 9. Seen being incarcerated have you seen Dr. Beltran? Yes by Year 9% % % 8% 5% 5a 5b PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

12 Beltran since being incarcerated, (85%) responded no. results represent an decrease from the survey results, but appear to be within the average range across the years. Presented in Figure 9 are Yes responses by Year. Mental Health Needs Respondents overall responses to the question of are ranked in order in importance by year in Table. Table. What Respondents Need to Meet their Mental Health Needs by Year 5a 5b * () (%) 8 (5%) Support From Family (%) Support From Family (%) Mental Health (5%) Help Getting Services (%) Drug/Alcohol 9 (%) Inpatient (%) 8 (9%) Guardianship (.%) (%) N/A Support from Family (%) 9 (8%) Help Getting Services (%) Alcohol/Drug (5%) Inpatient (%) (%) Guardianship (%) N/A * Thirteen of the respondents did not provide an answer. * Thirteen respondents did not provide a response. Help Getting Services 5 (%) Don t Need it/no MH Problems () Support From Family (%) (%) Drug/Alcohol () Inpatient 8 (5%) Guardianship 9 (%) (%) (%) 5 (9%) Don t Need It/No MH Problems () Drug/Alcohol (9%) Help Getting Services (8%) (%) Inpatient (%) Guardianship (%) (%) Support From Family (8%) Drug/Alcohol (%) Don t Need It/No MH Problems 9 (%) (%) (8%) Help Getting Services (%) Inpatient God (%) () 8 PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

13 Substance Abuse Substance Abuse Questions Respondents were asked two questions to determine whether or not they had a possible substance abuse problem. Survey questions included: ) if they think or have been told they have an alcohol or drug problem; ) have you ever blacked out or forgotten what happened to you. Participant s responses to each question are presented below. Do you think or have you been told that you have an alcohol or drug problem? Ninety eight of the respondents () responded yes they think or have been told that they have an alcohol or drug problem, () responded no. Responses have remained fairly consistent across the years. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. 8 Figure. Do you think or have you been told that you have an alcohol or drug problem? Yes by Year 58% 5% % 58% % 5% Blacked out or forgotten what happened Ninety eight of the respondents () responded yes they have blacked out or forgotten what happened to them, and () responded no. results represent an increase from the survey results, and similar to. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. Figure. Have you ever blacked out or forgotten what happened to you? Yes by Year % 5 8% 9% 5% PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL 9

14 Co-Occurring Disorder Respondents with Cooccurring Disorders were identified as individuals who answered yes to ) Do you think or have you ever been told that you have an alcohol or drug problem? And yes to ) Do you think or have you ever been told that you have a mental problem? Sixty-two of the respondents (8%) answered % yes to both. While results for decreased from and, results were higher than previous years. Presented in Figure are Yes responses by Year. Current Charges Respondents were asked to indicate the charges they were being held on. Responses by year are presented in Table 5. Table 5. Respondents Charges by Year Charges a b 5a 5a * Technical Violations (Probation Violations, Bench Warrants) (%) (%) (9%) (8%) (5%) () Public Order (Begging, Trespassing, Prostitution) 9 (5%) (%) (8%) () Drug/Alcohol (Paraphernalia, DWI, DUI) 9 (8%) (%) (%) (5%) (%) (%) (%) Assault (Common, Simple) (5%) () (9%) () (%) (%) (%) Other (Unpaid Tickets, Fines) 5 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (5%) (8%) Domestic Violence (5%) () (9%) (%) (%) (%) (9%) Driving Violations (Traffic Tickets, Driving without a license) 9 8 (8%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Property (Shoplifting, Stealing, Burglary, Theft) (9%) (8%) (9%) (5%) (9%) (%) Resisting Arrest (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Child Abuse () (%) (%) () () () (%) Murder () () (%) () () () () *Twenty-two of the respondents did not report any charges and seven reported Don t Know. Figure. Co-Occurring Disorder Yes by Year % % 9% 8% % 8% PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

15 Recidivism In 5, the survey was expanded to ask respondents to indicate what would help keep you out of jail in the future? Responses are presented in Table ranked in the order of importance by year. A job and housing have consistently ranked number one and two across the years. Totals do not equal because respondents could provide more than one response. Table. What would help keep you out of jail in the future? by Year 5a 5b A Job 8 (8%) A Job 8 (%) A Job (%) A Job 9 (9%) A Job 58 (%) (%) Move to a new area/new Friends (%) Education/ Job Training (%) Support from my Family (%) Help getting services 5 (%) Drug /Alcohol (%) Mental Health 9 (9%) (%) 5 (5%) Child Care 5 (5%) Guardianship/payee (%) (5%) Education/Job Training () Move to a new area/new Friends 9 (8%) Support from my Family 8 (%) Help getting services 5 Drug /Alcohol 9 (8%) (%) Mental Health (%) Child Care (%) (%) Guardianship/payee 8 (5%) Help getting services (8%) Move to a new area/new Friends (%) Education/ Job Training (%) Mental Health 5 () Support from my Family 5 () Drug /Alcohol (%) (%) Child Care (%) Guardianship/payee (%) (5%) 8 (%) Move to a new area/new Friends (%) Education/J ob Training (%) Support from my Family (%) Drug /Alcohol 9 (5%) Help getting services (9%) Mental Health 8 (5%) (9%) Child Care (9%) (%) Guardianship/payee (%) (5%) Drug /Alcohol (5%) Family Support 8 (%) Move to a new area/new Friends (9%) Mental Health 8 (5%) Education/J ob Training (%) Child Care (%) (%) (%) Help getting services () Guardianship/payee () PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL

16 CONCLUSIONS Surveys results for and represented a decrease in the number of yes responses to all mental health questions from the survey which represented a significant increase from the previous years. It appears that the results were an anomaly and not the beginning of a trend. Race/Ethnicity of respondents across the years has remained fairly consistent. Age of respondents across the years has also remained fairly consistent. There was a slight increase in the number of detainees who completed college compared to previous surveys. There was a decrease in the number of (%) and (5%) respondents who indicated they think or had been told that they have a mental health problem compared to the survey. There was a corresponding decrease in positive responses to the other questions indicating the presence of mental health issues. Participant responses related to questions about substance abuse have remained fairly consistent across the years, with those indicating they have substance abuse issues ranging from 5 to %. Respondents who indicated they have a co-occurrence substance abuse disorder decreased slightly from (8%) but remained significantly higher than previous years. Support from family and ranked number one and two in response to the question what respondents need to meet their mental health needs. Getting a job and securing housing have consistently remained number one and two across the years in response to the question of what would help keep respondents out of jail in the future. PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE KANSAS CITY REGIONAL CORRECTIONAL CENTER, APRIL