APPLE / CONTROL OF APPLE FRUIT MOTH AND CODLING MOTH ON APPLE
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1 2009 Fungicides and Insecticides APPLE / CONTROL OF APPLE FRUIT MOTH AND CODLING MOTH ON APPLE Study director: Jarmo Ketola Trial ID Variety Location Experimental starting and completion I Sandra Jokioinen May 17 th and August 19 th 2009 Purpose of trials: To test the efficacy of Steward 30 WG against apple fruit moth and codling moth on apple. The efficacy against target insects was evaluated with two insecticide applications in June-July timed according to the insect development stage with the recommended application rate. SUMMARY Steward (indoxacarb) at 0.17 kg/ha, Dimilin 48 SC (diflubenzuron) at 0.3 l/ha and Coragen (rynaxypur) at 0.8 l/ha were tested with the untreated control on apple against Apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella). The trial was located in an apple orchard of MTT established for GEP trials in Jokioinen in The plot size was 10 m² including 5 trees. There were some frost nights during flowering, which decreased the number of flowers and was resulted in less number of fruits. For the assessing apple fruit moth and codling moth there were pheromone traps in the tree rows placed during the period from 1 st June to 20 th July (see table 2). The number of apple fruit moth and codling moth were low in the summer and generally there were only few insect damages in the harvested fruit yield. The damaged apples by Apple fruit moth and codling moth were assessed once from all fruits per plot at the BBCH stage 75 of apple. Apple pud mites were counted from a window area of 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm on each 10 leaves per plot. European red mites and their eggs were counted on the preceding whole leaves at the BBCH stages The apple yield amount was not recorded. According to the count on 18 th August there were no apples damaged by apple fruit moth in the Dimilin 48 SC treatment, but 1.29 % of apples were damaged by in the untreated treatment, 2.33 % in the Steward treatment and 3.55 % in the Coragen treatment (see figure 1). In addition, there were no apples damaged by codling moth in the Steward treatment and in the Coragen treatment, but in the untreated treatment the proportion of damaged apples was 1.89 % and in the Dimilin 48 SC treatment 1.97 % (see figure 2). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. Number of apple pud mite per window area (2.25 cm²) was quite high, between 23.1 and 33 per leaf area on 10 th August (see figure 3). The numbers of adult European red mites were low, between 1.2 and 2.3 per leaf (see figure 4). The number of eggs of the mite was the lowest, 5.7 per leaf, in the untreated treatment, but there were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. The insecticides were applied with a portable compressed air -powered "van der Weij" -type sprayer, mounted with a wind shield and flat-fan nozzles by Hardi (type ). The spraying pressure was 3.0 bar and the spray volume 500 l/ha. In the sprayer two nozzles per side were fixed to spray the both sides of the tree row. The sprayings were made at four different timings (A, B, C, D), which were decided at beforehand (see table 1).
2 2009 Fungicides and Insecticides Table 1. The Application program of trial I Planned application timing A: 3 days from date, when the first codling moths are in the pheromone trap and the night temperature will be over +15 C, B: 7 days from the peak of codling moth, *C: Coragen was planned to spray at B, but was sprayed 6 th of July. D: Spraying was made against apple fruit moth, when the temperature sum was C counted from the full flowering of rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia). Treatment Application timing Application date Steward B D Dimilin 48 SC A D Coragen C* D 29/06/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/2009 Table 2. Number of codling moths in the pheromone trap was quite low in the trial orchard both in June and July Time period Number of codling In total Remarks moth change of trap Untreated 1.29 Steward KG/HA BD 2.32 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 0.00 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD Per cent of apples damaged by apple fruit moth Figure 1. Per cent of apples damaged by apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella) on 18 th August.
3 2009 Fungicides and Insecticides Untreated 1.89 Steward KG/HA BD 0.00 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 1.97 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD Per cent of apples damaged by codling moth Figure 2. Per cent of apples damaged by codling moth (Cydia pomonella) counted on 18 th August. Untreated 27.3 Steward KG/HA BD 31.3 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 23.1 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD No. of apple pud mite per leaf area 2.25cm² Figure 3. Number of apple pud mite (Aculus schlehtendali) per leaf area window 2.25 cm² counted on 10 th August. Untreated Steward KG/HA BD Adults/leaf Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD Eggs/leaf Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD No. of adults and eggs/leaf of European red mite Figure 4. Number of adults and eggs of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) per leaf counted on 10 th August.
4 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential Trial Treatments Page 1 of 1 Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Appl No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Code 1 Untreated 2 Steward 300 WG FEB08B KG/HA BD 3 Dimilin 48 SC 480 SC AM7026F L/HA AD -diflubenzuron g AI 4 Coragen 480 SC 0.8 L/HA CD Replications: 4, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with audit trail), Design: Randomized Complete Block, Treatment units: Treated plot size, Dry Form. Unit: %, Treated plot size Width: 2 meters, Treated plot size Length: 5 meters, Application volume: 500 l/ha, Mix size: 5 liters, Mix overage: 30%, Format definitions: G-All7.DEF, G-All7.FRM
5 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential Site Description Page 1 of 3 General Trial Information Title: Research Scientist Affiliation: Postal Code: FI jarmo.ketola@mtt.fi Trial Location City: Jokioinen Trial Status: ONE-YEAR/FINAL Postal Code: Initiation Date: 17/06/09 Planned Completion Date: 15/12/09 N Conducted Under GEP: X Guideline Description 1. PP 1/7(3) Cydia pomonella 2. PP 1/152(3) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 3. PP 1/135(3) Phytotoxicity assessment 4. PP 1/181(3) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP Objectives: To test the efficacy of some insecticides against codling moth and apple fruit moth on apple Crop Description Crop 1: NNNOK Pomaceous fruit plants Pome fruits Variety: Sandra BBCH Scale: BPOM Planting Date: 31/05/07 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: I Code: ARGYCO Argyresthia conjugella Common Name: Apple fruit moth Description: Pihlajanmarjakoi Pest 2 Type: I Code: CARPPO Cydia pomonella Common Name: Codling moth Description: Omenakääriäinen Site and Design Plot Width, Unit: 2 M Plot Length, Unit: 5 M Replications: 4 Study Design: Randomized Complete Block
6 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential Site Description Page 2 of 3 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Treatment Name Rate Unit 1. 15/05/09 Baykor 500 g/ha 2. 22/05/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha 3. 29/05/09 Baykor 500 g/ha 4. 08/06/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha 5. 17/06/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha Application Description A B C D Application Date: 29/06/09 02/07/09 06/07/09 23/07/09 Time of Day: 21:00 20:00 20:00 21:10 Application Method: SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY Application Placement: FOLIAR FOLIAR FOLIAR FOLIAR Applied By: JK, ER JK, KS ME, TJ ME, HT Air Temperature, Unit: 20.6 C 24.4 C 16.0 C 16.0 C % Relative Humidity: Wind Velocity, Unit: 1.5 M/S 0.2 M/S 1.0 M/S 1.0 M/S Dew Presence (Y/N): N N N N Soil Moisture: ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE % Cloud Cover: Crop Stage At Each Application A B C D Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM Pest Stage At Each Application A B C D Pest 1 Code, Disc., Scale: ARGYCO I ARGYCO I ARGYCO I ARGYCO I Pest 2 Code, Disc., Scale: CARPPO I CARPPO I CARPPO I CARPPO I
7 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential Site Description Page 3 of 3 Application Equipment A B C D Appl. Equipment: PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER Operating Pressure, Unit: 3 BAR 3 BAR 3 BAR 3 BAR Nozzle Type: Nozzle Size: Nozzles/Row: Boom ID: KSU 5 KSU 5 KSU 5 KSU 5 Ground Speed, Unit: 1 M/S 1 M/S 1 M/S 1 M/S Spray Volume, Unit: 500 L/HA 500 L/HA 500 L/HA 500 L/HA Propellant: AIR AIR AIR AIR
8 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 1 of 2 Pest Type I Insect I Insect I Insect I Insect I Insect Pest Code VASASD METTUL METTUL ARGYCO CARPPO Crop Code MABSD MABSD MABSD MABSD MABSD BBCH Scale BPOM BPOM BPOM BPOM BPOM Part Rated LEAROS C LEAROS C LEAROS C FRUIT C FRUIT C Rating Date 07/08/09 07/08/09 07/08/09 17/08/09 17/08/09 Rating Data Type COUINS COUINS COUINS DAMINS DAMINS Rating Unit NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER % % Sample Size Sample Size Unit LEAF LEAF LEAF FRUIT FRUIT Number of Subsamples Crop Stage ADULT EGG Days After First/Last Applic Trt-Eval Interval 15 DA-D 15 DA-D 15 DA-D 25 DA-D 25 DA-D Plant-Eval Interval 799 DP DP DP DP DP-1 Number of Decimals 2 2 Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated 27.3 a 1.2 a 5.7 a 1.29 a 1.90 a 2 Steward KG/HA BD 31.3 a 2.3 a 7.6 a 2.33 a 0.00 a 3 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 23.1 a 1.2 a 7.0 a 0.00 a 1.97 a 4 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 33.0 a 2.0 a 6.2 a 3.55 a 0.00 a LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) Friedman's X P(Friedman's X2) Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Mean comparisons performed only when AOV Treatment P(F) is significant at mean comparison OSL.
9 07/12/09 (I ) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 2 of 2 AOV For I Insect VASASD MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF Total Replicate Treatment Error AOV For I Insect METTUL MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF 10 ADULT Total Replicate Treatment Error AOV For I Insect METTUL MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF 10 EGG 39 Total Replicate Treatment Error AOV For I Insect ARGYCO MABSD BPOM FRUIT C 17/08/09 DAMINS % 50 FRUIT DA-D 809 Total Replicate Treatment Error AOV For I Insect CARPPO MABSD BPOM FRUIT C 17/08/09 DAMINS % 50 FRUIT DA-D 809 Total Replicate Treatment Error
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