The geographical distributions of Mediterranean. (Diptera:Tephritidae) and its management in Iraq.
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1 The geographical distributions of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedeman) (Diptera:Tephritidae) and its management in Iraq. Hasanein Y. Abdul Raheem DG of State Board for Plant Protection, MoA, Iraq Tunis, Hammamat, November 2012
2 Acknowledgement Thanks to FAO NE for their support. SBPP specialist Agricultural ldirectorates in the provinces
3 Introduction The study is: Observing the past actions. Analysis at the present. Planning for future.
4 Introduction Cultivation : Planted t d in central li Iraq ( 7 governorates) Area :30,000 ha, 90 % sweet orange. Varieties : local Mahali (common) Washington navel Valencia late sweet oranges Eureka and Lisbon lemons mandarins, Clementines Bitter ornage Species : Citrus limon (L.) Burm. Citrus medica L. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Citrus aurantium
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6 Phytosanitary problems Key pest & Diseases: Insects: Fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Why?) White fly Aleurocalva Jasimini Citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Root rot & phytophthora gummosis, Phytophthora citropthora Nimatodes: Citrus root nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) )
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8 Background Ceratitis capitata is consider as most destructive pest on citrus and stone fruits. Quality pest: thepest attack thefruit directly. In Iraq, first record was been in Dayala The pest has been eradicated at that time, thanks to internal quarantine, sanitation measures and unfavorable environment (hot and dry summer?)
9 Background The pest came back in Dayala again C. capitata has been identified officially by Iraqinatural history museum and British natural history museum This because citrus fruitimported imported fromc C. capitata infested countries and weak quarantine measures. Many studies have conducted about life cycle, optimum conditions for its spread and hosts.
10 Main goals Current study conducted to: Determine infestation level in deferent cultivated area during Map of infestation Pest phonology Evaluation study of the effectiveness of traps.
11 Materials and methods
12 Study of populatin dynamic of C. capitata in Iraq Provincies Survillance has been conducted in 7 provincies (Baghdad, Karbalaa, Dayala, Wasit, Alanbar, Babil and Salahddin). The data collect monthly from January 2009 Decemebr 2010 Jackson traps have been used in 40 donum each province. Pheromone (Trimedlure) by Russell IPM Two traps/ ha at m height from the terrain. Insects recorded weekly. Pheromone changed each 5 weeks Sticky material changed whenever needed to.
13 Comparesin between Jackson and Tephri traps This study conducted in Karblaa province period from January 2009 December 2010 Targeted area was 40 donums. Pheromone (Trimedlure) by Russell IPM DDVP strips (Dichlorvos or 2,2 dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) One Tephri trap/ ha at m height from the terrain. Insects recorded weekly. Pheromone changed each 5 weeks Sticky material changed whenever needed to.
14 Occurrence of C. capitata The study conducted in Anbar province Two orchards (20 donum) have been selected ( one mono culture and other poly culture) The data collect monthly from January 2009 Decemebr 2010 Pheromone (Trimedlure) by Russell IPM Two Jacksons traps/ ha at m height from the terrain. Insects recorded weekly. Pheromone changed each 5 weeks Sticky material changed whenever needed to.
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18 Results and discussion
19 Study of populatin dynamic of C. capitata in Iraq Provincies 2009 Results showed that Saladdin provence high infestation reached 160 insects/trap/week. Baghdad was in second level of infestation reached 127 insects/trap/week. Wasit infestation i level lreached hd110 insects/trap/week. Dayala and karbalaa: 37 insects/trap/week Babel : 12 insects/trap/week.
20 Study of populatin dynamic of C. capitata in Iraq Provincies 2009 infestation level Baghdad Wasit Dayala Karbalaa Alanbar Babil Saladdin Saladdin Babil Alanbar Karbalaa Dayala Wasit Baghdad 0
21 Study of populatin dynamic of C. capitata in Iraq Provincies 2010 Results was similar with Decreasing of infestation was recorded.
22 Study of populatin dynamic of C. capitata in Iraq Provincies 2010 Infestation level Baghdad wasit Dyalaa karbalaa Anbar Babylon Salahaldeen Salahaldeen Babylon Anbar karbalaa Dyalaa wasit Baghdad 0
23 Comparison between Jackson and Tephri traps 2009 Theresults showed that Tephri traps was more effective than jackson traps. Three peaks of adults was recorded in March, June and August.
24 Comparesin between Jackson and Tephri traps 2009 Traps effictivness in Karbalaa provence Dec. Nov Oct. Sep. Aug. Jul, Jun. May. Apr. Mar. Feb. Jun. 0 Number of insect jakson trap Number of insects Tephri
25 Comparison between Jackson and Tephri traps 2010 Decreasing of infestation was recorded during Three peaks was recorded in March, June and November. Jackson traps affected by climatic condition on the contrary with Tephri traps. Tephri was capable for catch more insects make suitable for mass trapping. Dust storm affected severely on Jackson traps.
26 Comparison between Jackson and Tephri traps 2010 Traps effictivness in Karblaa provence Dec. Nov Oct. Sep. Aug. Jul, Jun. May. Apr. Mar. Feb. Jun. 0 Number of insect jakson trap Number of insects Tephri
27 Occurrence of C. capitata 2009 Al anbar provence Number of insects mono (citrus) and poly culture Citrus fruits Apricot and Pear Dec. Nov. Oct. Sep. Aug. Jul. Jun. May. Apr. Mar. Feb. Jun. 0 Number of insects poly culture Number of insects mono culture
28 Occurrence of C. capitata 2010 Al anbar province Number of insects mono (citrus) and poly culture 600 Citrus fruits Apricot and Pear Dec. Nov. Oct. Sep. Aug. Jul. Jun. May. Apr. Mar. Feb. Jun. 0 Number of insects poly culture Number of insects mono culture
29 Geographical distribution of C. capitata 29
30 Management strategies Partial spray by GF Mass trapping. Horticultural lpractices.
31 Conclusion C. capitata occurre during most of the year. Tephri traps proved more effective for mass trapping. Deferent population dynamics depending on host mix and climatic i condition. i All orchards were infested with C. capitata in all targeted areas.
32 Recommendations Expanding surveillance area. More efforts to identify existing species. Regional project for effective communication with neighbor countries for phytosanitary measures. Capacity building and skill up. Using FFS technique to disseminate the awareness. To introduce SIT technique as apart of comprehensive IPM programme.
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Total population 1,265,308,000. Live births (LB) 27,016,000. Children <1 year 25,928,200. Children <5 years 23,818,000. Children <15 years 25,639,000
India 4 Immunization system highlights There is a comprehensive multiyear plan (cmyp) for immunization covering 3-7. National technical advisory group on immunization (NTAGI) exists and formal written