Codling Moth Management: Yesterday and Today
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- Jemimah Byrd
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1 Codling Moth Management: Yesterday and Today Jay Brunner Mike Doerr Keith Granger Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Wenatchee, WA
2 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time 1930s = 6-10 lead arsenate sprays to achieve control Spray recommendations assume thoroughness of application
3 Assume thoroughness of Coverage 1937 Spray Guide Very few reports of control failures Guthion doesn t work as well as it used to!
4 Assume thoroughness of Coverage 1937 Spray Guide 100 % Mortality Residual control Guthion 400 g/a Assail 400 g/a Guthion 100 g/a Assail 100 g/a Days After Treatment
5 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time 1940s DDT replaces failing lead arsenate Synthetic insecticide era begins A succession of silver bullets follow
6 1950s = Growers reporting DDT failures Organophosphates become popular Parathion replaces DDT The Good Ol Days: A simpler time
7 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time 1960s = Guthion and carbaryl replace Parathion The Guthion era begins A very long period of excellent efficacy noted
8 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time 1970 Pome Fruit Pests and Their Control, H. Madsen and C. Morgan - Summerland Canada Azinphos-methyl active for 12 days Control of dependent on correct timing Lure baited traps and degree-day models Granulosis virus has potential to control codling moth if improvements can be made
9 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days Adults GUTHION Eggs May June Degree-days
10 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX Eggs May June Degree-days
11 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days XXXXXXX Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX Eggs May June Degree-days
12 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days XXXXXXX Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX Eggs May June Degree-days
13 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days XXXXXXX Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX Eggs May June Degree-days
14 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days XXXXXXX Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX Eggs May June Degree-days
15 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Why Guthion appeared to work for 28 days XXXXXXX Adults GUTHION XXXXXXX 87% Hatch Eggs May June Degree-days
16 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time 1985 Codling moth management in Washington orchards, J. Brunner, T. Smith, M. Willett Aggressive control of 1st gen. important Be aware of 3rd generation in warm years Monitoring programs essential Pheromone traps Careful observations and record keeping Use degree-day model Pheromone traps Relative density Validate model Warning: Multiple traps necessary Consider 2 pests when choosing products
17 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time Codling moth control is more expensive and more complicated Codling moth Total cost 1985? $28 $150 Source: Tim Smith, best recollection. Apple data.
18 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time Codling moth control is more expensive and more complicated Codling moth Total cost 1985? $28 $ $$ $48 $256 Source: Tim Smith, best recollection. Apple data.
19 The Good Ol Days: A simpler time Codling moth control is more expensive and more complicated ? 2003 $$ AWII Conv AWII Soft Codling moth $28 $48 $107 $145 Total cost $150 $256 $178 $172 Source: Tim Smith, best recollection. Apple data.
20 1990s The writing is on the wall, What will we do without Ops? Codling Moth Areawide Management Program (CAMP) successful Mating disruption gains acceptance Ability to reduce insecticides Organic management may work large scale The Good Ol Days: A simpler time
21 The Good Ol Days: Lessons learned over time Areawide Codling Moth Management Howard Flat, Chelan, WA
22 2000s = Growers reporting Guthion failures The end of an era, or an inevitable progression? Where do we go from here? Legalize drugs, ban insecticides??? The Good Ol Days: A simpler time
23 Codling Moth Management Today The fundamentals never change Monitoring for Pests Product Choice Integration of Tactics Timing Coverage (Horticulture, mechanical) Areawide Management Works
24 Monitoring Programs Essential Madsen 1970, Brunner 1985 Understand model predictions Consistent trapping program Measure relative densities Monitor adult movement Visual inspections Locate hot-spots Assess need for retreatment Keep detailed records
25 Codling Moth Management Today The fundamentals never change Monitoring for Pests Product Choice Integration of Tactics Timing Coverage (Horticulture, mechanical) Areawide Management Works
26 Monitoring Programs Essential Madsen 1970, Brunner 1985 Understand model predictions Consistent trapping program Measure relative densities Monitor adult movement Visual inspections Locate hot-spots Assess need for retreatment Keep detailed records
27 Be Aggressive Against the 1st Gen Brunner 1985 Begin each season with an ovicide (IGR or Oil) 14 Avg Cumulative % Injury Rimon 75DD Rimon 200DD Oil 200DD Intrepid 75DD Intrepid 200DD Esteem 75DD Untreated 0 5/19 5/21 5/23 5/25 5/27 5/29 5/31 6/2 6/4 6/6 (246) (272) (330) (415) (444) (495) Date (degree-days from biofix)
28 Delay 1st Cover in Low Pressure Sites J. Brunner 1985 Bulk of residues at time of greatest population growth Avg Cumulative % Injury Rimon 75DD Rimon 200DD Oil 200DD Intrepid 75DD Intrepid 200DD Esteem 75DD Untreated 350DD+ 1st cover 0 5/19 5/21 5/23 5/25 5/27 5/29 5/31 6/2 6/4 6/6 (246) (272) (330) (415) (444) (495) Date (degree-days from biofix)
29 Codling Moth Management: Egg Hatch Model Predictions Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) Cumulative DD
30 Codling Moth Management: Egg Hatch Model Predictions Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) % Egg Hatch Cumulative DD
31 Codling Moth Management: Egg Hatch Model Predictions Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) % Egg Hatch 12% Egg Hatch Cumulative DD
32 Codling Moth Management: Egg Hatch Model Predictions Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) 20% Egg Hatch 68% Egg Hatch 12% Egg Hatch Cumulative DD
33 Codling Moth Management: Traditional Timing Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) nd Cover Spray Weakest Residues 1 st Cover Spray Cumulative DD
34 Codling Moth Management: Ovicide Delayed Egg Hatch Percent Egg Hatch (1 st Generation) nd Cover Spray 1 st Cover Spray Ovicide X X X X X X X Cumulative DD
35 Ovicidal IGRs Management with Ovicides Only Percent Reduction in Injured Fruit Relative to UTC Rimon Intrepid Esteem Oil
36 Ovicidal IGRs Opportunity for LR Control % Reduction From Control (Range) Intrepid Esteem Control at 2nd generation Rimon
37 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Tank mix IGR and Neonic (350 DD cover) Neonic + IGR Adults Eggs May June Degree-days
38 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Tank mix IGR and Neonic (350 DD cover) Neonic + IGR XXXXXXX Adults Eggs May June Degree-days
39 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Tank mix IGR and Neonic (350 DD cover) XXXXX Neonic + IGR XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Adults Eggs May June Degree-days
40 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Tank mix IGR and Neonic (350 DD cover) XXXXX Neonic + IGR XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Adults Eggs May June Degree-days
41 Target Multiple Life Stages with One Spray Tank mix IGR and Neonic (350 DD cover) XXXXX Neonic + IGR XXXXXXX XXXXXXX 97% Hatch Adults Eggs May June Degree-days
42 Neonicotinyls Percent Reduction in Injured Fruit Relative to UTC Guthion Assail Calypso Clutch
43 and LR Target Life Stages Adults Eggs LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
44 Standard Insecticide-based Program Adults Eggs Lorsban Guthion Success Guthion B.t. Guthion Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
45 Neonicotinyl Replacement Adults Eggs Lorsban Guthion Success Neonic. B.t. Guthion Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
46 Increased Pressure- What s Next? Adults Eggs Asana Lorsban Guthion Success Neonic. Guthion B.t. Imidan Neonic. LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
47 Mating Disruption As Foundation Mating Disruption Adults Eggs Lorsban Guthion Success Neonic. B.t. Guthion Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
48 Hand Applied Pheromone Release rate and longevity mg codlemone remaining in dispenser Isomate CTT Isomate C+ NoMate Age in days
49 Mating Disruption Makes a Difference Even Under Extreme Pressure Isomate C+ 40 No MD % damage 20 0 /LR Twin Tube Pattern of damage after season-long spraying 40 acre block
50 Mating Disruption Makes a Difference Even Under Extreme Pressure No MD 60 % damage 30 0 Isomate C+ /LR Twin Tube Pattern of damage after season-long spraying 40 acre block
51 NoMate Fibers and Disrupt Flakes Point Sources Hand Applied<Fibers<Sprayable Release Rate Hand Applied>Fibers>Sprayable
52 NoMate Fibers and Disrupt Flakes Promising ability to affect trap captures Long vs. Short Fiber Flake Rate Study A 20 A B B 5 AB AB B 0 0 Long Short UTC 0.5 lb 1.0 lb 1.5 lb UTC 78% Trap Shutdown 79% Trap Shutdown
53 Ultra Low Volume MEC Sprayable Point Sources Hand Applied<Fibers<Sprayable Release Rate Hand Applied>Fibers>Sprayable
54 Ultra Low Volume MEC Sprayable Greatest effect noted in 2nd generation 25 Sprayable Rate Trial 20 A AB 5 0 B B 5 g 10 g 20 g UTC 75% Trap Shutdown
55 Mating Disruption As Foundation Mating Disruption Adults Eggs Lorsban Guthion Success Neonic. B.t. Guthion Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
56 Mod. Pressure- Need For Ovicide Mating Disruption Adults Eggs Lorsban IGR Guthion Neonic. B.t. Guthion Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
57 Highest Pressure- Need For Ovicide Mating Disruption Adults Eggs IGR Guthion + IGR Neonic. Guthion Imidan B.t. LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
58 Highest Pressure- Need For Ovicide Mating Disruption Adults Eggs IGR Guthion + IGR Neonic. Guthion + IGR Imidan LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
59 Stable and LR Control- AWII Reduced rates (250 d/a) Adults Eggs IGR Neonic. ± IGR Neonic. ± IGR LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
60 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen yr side by side demonstration (both treatment plots with MD and oil) Untreated House Entrust (x4) + Virus (x6) Virus (x8)
61 100 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen 1970 Year 0 Harvest % Fruit Damage Entrust + Virus Virus Untreated
62 100 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen 1970 Year 1 First Generation % Fruit Damage Entrust + Virus Virus Untreated
63 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen 1970 Year 1 Second Generation % Fruit Damage Entrust + Virus Virus Untreated
64 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen yr side by side demonstration (2nd-year received no Entrust) Untreated House Virus (x11) Virus (x11)
65 100 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen 1970 Year 2 First Generation % Fruit Damage Virus Virus Untreated
66 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen 1970 Year 2 Second Generation % Fruit Damage Virus Virus Untreated
67 Granulosis virus shows promise H. Madsen nd Generation (16.3 moths/trap) Treatment 1 Treatment nd Generation (9.0 moths/trap) Treatment 1 Treatment /7 7/14 7/21 7/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 0 7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5 8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2
68 Organic - Best chance for success Adults Eggs LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
69 Organic - Best chance for success Mating Disruption Adults Eggs LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
70 Organic - Best chance for success Mating Disruption Adults Eggs Oil Oil+ Entrust Oil Oil Oil+ Oil+ Entrust Entrust Bt LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
71 Organic - Best chance for success Mating Disruption Adults Virus Virus Virus Virus Virus Virus Eggs Oil Oil+ Entrust Oil Oil Oil+ Oil+ Entrust Entrust Bt LR May June July Aug. Sept Degree-days
72 Best Chance for Success Be creative, don t keep doing the same thing if it is not working! Establish a consistent monitoring program Use mating disruption as a base to your control program
73 Lessons learned from AWII Cost of control increases with softer programs Less toxic, shorter residual = more apps Overall cost and control of soft and conventional programs are equal IGRs, chloronicotinyls control multiple pests Biocontrol likely reducing need for some sprays Use oil whenever possible ( control)
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