Hydration in the workplace.

Transcription

1 Hydration in the workplace. Wednesday 22nd November, 14:20-14:40, Room 8. Dr Emma Derbyshire, Independent Nutrition Consultant, Nutritional Insight Ltd.

2 Presentation Outline: o Defining the workplace. o So, how much should we drink? o What should we drink? o Latest research.

3 Time spent at Work. 37hrs/week full time. 16hrs/week part time. ONS Statistics.

4 The workplace is varied & changing!! Predicted number of jobs by 2025 (millions) Agri, forestry, fishing Construction 23% 6% 1% 7% 5% 1% 20% Manufacturing Energy & water 4% Distribution, hotels & restaurantes 21% 3% 9% Transport & communication Financial services Business services s/pdf/ukeo/ukeo-sectoralemployment-march-2016.pdf

5 We drink different things for very different reasons! Thirst/hydration Pick-me-up Vitality/health/energy Concentration Team bonding Socialisation

6 Barriers Access Factors influencing hydration. Physical demands that drive up requirements. Heavy/ strenuous work Air conditioning Warm environments Working at altitude Being on the go/forgetting to drink.

7 Why s hydration important? To improve work productivity, mental and physical performance and offset potential safety risks.

8 Legalities. o The law requires employers to provide drinking water at work and to ensure that it is: o Free from contamination. o Easily accessible. o In adequate supply. o Provided in cups or via a drinking fountain. ov.uk/pubns/indg2 93.pdf

9 Litres/day How much should we be drinking? Foods+Fluids Females Males Fluids 70% fluids as drinks and 30% from foods. EFSA (2010) Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA Journal 8(3):1459.

10 What should we be drinking? Soft drinks (sugarcontaining & sugar free) Tea, coffee, milk, water Fruit juices & smoothies 70-80% from beverages % from food sources. EFSA (AIs) EFSA (2010) Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA Journal 8(3):1459.

11 Eatwell guide. ploads/system/uploads/attachmen t_data/file/551502/eatwell_guide _booklet.pdf

12 Water & Concentration. o n=96 adults no water, 25ml or 300ml. o Performance assessed at baseline and 20 min after drinking (or no drink). o A large drink (300 ml) was necessary to reduce thirst, while a small drink (25 ml) was sufficient to improve visual attention (letter cancellation). Edmonds et al. (2017) Appetite 108:

13 Time for green tea? o Previously reported benefits reduced anxiety and improved cognition. o Does it have these benefits? o Systematic review of 21 studies (average quality, good). o Concluded that green tea influences mood & cognition. o Cognitive benefits caffeine + l-theanine. Mancini et al. (2017) Phytomedicine 34:

14 Tea can hydrate. o o o o Study conducted on healthy males. Test beverages, provided at regular intervals were: o ml black tea and ml black tea (168 or 252 mg of caffeine). Controls - identical amounts of boiled water. No significant differences between tea and water for mean blood or urine measurements. Black tea, in the amounts studied, offered similar hydrating properties to water. Ruxton (2011) Br J Nuti106(4):

15 Fruit & Veg Intakes. % achieving 5-A-DAY s 30s 40s 50s Overall Derbyshire (2017) J Nut & Food Sci 7:5.

16 Micronutrient Intakes. % below LRNI Derbyshire (2017) J Nut & Food Sci 7:5.

17 Smoothie boost. o Potential for these to boost floundering fruit & veg and micronutrient intakes amongst those in their working years. Derbyshire (2017) J Nut & Food Sci 7:5.

18 Smoothies fibre boost. Leeds University: o Cell wall structures remain intact after homogenisation in smoothies vs. fruit juices. o Retained fibre structures could have a wider role to play in health. Chu et al. (2017) J Nut & Food Sci 7:1.

19 Change in BG (mmol/l) Smoothies & satiety. Oxford Brookes: Reference glucose Strawberry & Banana smoothie o Again, smoothies retained cellular material after processing Mango & Passion Fruit smoothie o Smoothies had a low GI possible due to cellulose and pectin retention. -1 Time (min) Saltaouras et al. (2017)

20 Smoothies & satiety. Bristol University: o Smoothies regarded as being more food like than water or blackcurrant squash. o 2 hrs after ingestion smoothies and milk led to greater feelings of fullness compared with water and squash. Rogers PJ & Shahrokni R (2017)

21 Fruit Juices (FJ). o FJ intakes are 46ml/day amongst UK adults aged 19 to 64 yrs (FSA/PHE, 2016) o So some way off the 150ml/day benchmark. o US NHANES. o FJ consumers had higher intakes of total/whole fruits & a better diet quality overall (O Neill et al., 2011). O Neil CE et al. (2011) Nutr J 10:17.

22 Fruit Juices (FJ). o CARDIA cohort o For adults no associations between 100% FJ consumption and waist circumference were observed (Akhtar-Danesh et al., 2010). o US NHANES o 100% FJ consumers were leaner, more insulin sensitive & had lower odds of obesity & metabolic syndrome (Pereira et al., 2010). Akhtar-Danesh N et al. (2010) J Humn Nutr Diet 23: Pereira MA et al. (2010) J Am Coll Nutr 29(6):

23 Alcohol o Should be limited to no more than 14 units per week for men and women. o The calorific content is highly variable between units. o For example: o 1 pint of standard strength lager =136 kcal, o 175ml medium glass of wine =135kcal o 25ml shot of spirit =56kcal.

24 So, what should hydration in the workplace look like?. Tea up to 6 cups. 1-A-DAY (150ml). Smoothies may contribute more. 6-8 glasses. Alcohol no more than 14 units per week. Caffeinated energy drinks should be avoided not included within recommendations.

25 Conclusions. We drink different fluids for different reasons within the workplace. Fluids should be drank at regular intervals throughout the day. Overall men should be aiming for 2.5 litres and women 2 litres of total fluids daily. These can come from water, tea, coffee, herbal teas, milk, soft drinks, smoothies and foods! The proportions in which we drink these, however, should be considered.

26 Relevant references o o o o o Derbyshire EJ (2017) Where are we with Smoothies? A Review of the Latest Guidelines, Nutritional Gaps and Evidence. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 7:5. Edmonds C et al. (2017) Dose-response effects of water supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in children and adults. Appetite 108: EFSA (2010) Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA Journal 8(3):1459. Mancini E et al. (2017) Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review. Phytomedicine 34: Ruxton CH & Hart VA (2011) Black tea is not significantly different from water in the maintenance of normal hydration in human subjects: results from a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 106(4):