Modes of Action of Turfgrass Defense Activators
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1 Modes of Action of Turfgrass Defense Activators Tom Hsiang University of Guelph Ontario, Canada Beaumaris Castle, Wales
2 Guelph, Ontario
3 Activated defense Utilize a plant s natural resistance responses against abiotic stresses against insects against diseases 3
4 Physical barriers: cuticle 4
5 How to break in? 5
6 Sneak in without being noticed 6
7 Or overwhelm defenders 7
8 Internal chemical barriers 8
9 Plant recognizes & responds to attacker Pathogen I C U Plant cells 9
10 Hypersensitive response Each apartment (cell) has its own set of explosives intruder (pathogen) is detected, occupant (nucleus) fights against (resists) intruder, emits calls of distress & for help (chemical signals), if it cannot defeat, it sets off explosives (autolysis) which alert & affect neighboring units (other cells) to arm themselves and prepare for battle 10
11 Plant CELL kills itself (to kill invader) = hypersensitive response 11
12 Plant CELL kills itself (to kill invader) 12
13 If response too slow, invader escapes 13
14 Speed of recognition and response critical to defense I C U 14
15 Stimulating disease resistance response Two main forms: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR, induction) Induced systemic resistance (ISR, priming) Biological inducer or Chemical inducer Internal (systemic) messengers Increased disease resistance 15
16 Activated Resistance induction (SAR) After the signal, the soldiers in the castle are all given extra rations of caffeine to keep them awake and shooting; constant production of new arrows and boiling vats of oil... 16
17 Activated Resistance priming (ISR) After the signal, the cannons are loaded, the guns cocked, bows armed, fuel added under the vats of oil, and sentries on alert so action can begin as soon as enemies get close 17
18 SAR ISR 18
19 Resistance Activators = SAR Phosphites = ISR Aliette, Appear, SwardPhite, Magallan, Alude... Benzothiadiazole/Acibenzolar Actigard Dac Action (Daconil + Actigard) Chelated metals? Chelated iron (e.g. Fiesta) Civitas (mineral oil) + Harmonizer (chelated Cu) silicon, butanediol, humic acid... 19
20 Activating defenses - consequences can reduce growth rates can slow plant development can lower crop yield stressed plants show even more negative effects can cause plant death (if too much) Think of activators like steroids 20
21 none full too much full half too much none 21
22 Relative effectiveness of conventional fungicides vs. defense activators 22
23 Anthracnose 23
24 Anthracnose control (4=excellent) DMI s Strobies Civitas Phosphite Banner, Eagle, Premis, Triton, Tourney, etc Heritage Insignia Compass Fungicide efficacy from Vincelli (2015), PPA-1, summarizing hundreds of tests 24
25 Brown Patch 25
26 Brown patch control (4=excellent) DMI s Strobies Civitas Phosphite Banner, Eagle, Premis, Triton, Tourney, etc Heritage Insignia Compass ???? Fungicide efficacy from Vincelli (2015), PPA-1, summarizing hundreds of tests 26
27 Dollar Spot 27
28 Dollar spot control (4=excellent) DMI s Strobies Civitas Phosphite Banner, Eagle, Premis, Triton, Tourney, etc Heritage Insignia Compass ?? Fungicide efficacy from Vincelli (2015), PPA-1, summarizing hundreds of tests 28
29 Pythium blight swimming zoospore with flagella 29
30 Pythium blight control (4=excellent) DMI s Strobies Civitas Phosphite Banner, Eagle, Premis, Triton, Tourney, etc Heritage Insignia Compass 0 2.3?? 2.3 Fungicide efficacy from Vincelli (2015), PPA-1, summarizing hundreds of tests 30
31 Fusarium patch 32
32 Fusarium patch control (4=excellent) DMI s Strobies Civitas Phosphite Banner, Eagle, Premis, Triton, Tourney, etc Heritage Insignia Compass ?? Fungicide efficacy from Vincelli (2015), PPA-1, summarizing hundreds of tests 33
33 Conclusions Resistance activators can provide suppression of some diseases in certain circumstances, but may not work as well as conventional fungicides Their advantage is greater societal and hence governmental acceptance, and within a framework of increasing restrictions on synthetic fungicides, they may become more important in turf management 34
34 Thank you for your attention
Alternatives for turfgrass disease control without synthetic pesticides. Fusarium Patch Disease Management. Disease Management
Alternatives for turfgrass control without synthetic pesticides The University of Guelph Canada Tom Hsiang University of Guelph Ontario, Canada thsiang@uoguelph.ca Greywolf GC, BC, Canada United States
Funding: (REVENUE) for three year study starting October September CTRF: $35,000/yr to Univ. Guelph [TF52548], total $105,000
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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE PPFS-AG-T-08 Plant Pathology Fact Sheet 2014 FUNGICIDE GUIDE FOR BURLEY AND DARK TOBACCO by Kenny Seebold Extension Plant Pathologist CHEMICALS LABELED FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Week 1 Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Push ups+ Situps(alternate) 40,30,20 So 40 push-ups then 40 Situps etc sprints
Week 1 Push ups+ Situps(alternate) 40,30,20 So 40 push-ups then 40 Situps etc. 4-400 sprints So 1 pull-up rest 15-20 seconds then 2 pull-ups working your way up to 6. Then start over on next set at 1.