Chapter 9 Heritability and Repeatability
|
|
- Bethanie Simmons
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 9 Heritability and Repeatability σ 2 BV h 2 = σ 2 P r = σ 2 PA σ 2 P I. Heritability II. Repeatability III. Ways to Improve Heritability and Repeatability
2 Chapter 9 Heritability and Repeatability Learning Objective: To understand the concept of heritability and repeatability and to apply this knowledge to opportunistic selection and culling practices for traits of economic importance.
3 I. Heritability (A population parameter) Definitions: Heritability (h 2 ) A measure of the strength of the relationship between performance (phenotypic values) and breeding values for a trait in a population. Mathematically, heritability is the square of the correlation between phenotypic values and breeding values. (This is the Narrow-sense definition.) Heritability (In the Broad Sense, H 2 ) A measure of the strength of the relationship between performance (phenotypic values) and genotypic values for a trait in a population. (This is the Broadsense definition.) N.B. There is no such word as inheritability.
4 Heritability (h 2 ) : Definitions (cont.) Extent that observed phenotypic differences in a trait are due to inheritance (BV). Degree to which offspring resemble their parents in performance for a specific trait. For example, if a trait is highly heritable, a parent tends to breed as good as it Repro/ Health Production Yield h 2 Low (<20%) Moderate (20 to 40%) High (>40%)
5 A common misunderstanding of heritability: If Heritability is high, this does NOT mean that there is a higher probability or chance that a parent will transmit its genes to its offspring (or vice versa if low). The terms: ability, probability or the chances instead reflect aspects of Mendelian sampling events (segregation, recombination, and independent assortment).
6
7
8 Problem #1. h 2 = 2b The only basis for resemblance between a sire and his offspring is ½ his Breeding Value.
9 Problem #2. h 2 = 2b
10 Source: Lukefahr and Jacobson JWM 62(1):
11 Heritability is presented here as a regression coefficient, redefined as the predicted change in breeding value (offspring) per unit change in phenotypic value (mid-parent).
12 The Importance of Heritability: Heritability is critically important to selection for quantitative (polygenic) traits. When heritability is low, phenotypic values generally reveal little about underlying breeding values. Accuracy of selection (BV prediction) is poor, and as a result, the rate of genetic change is expected to be slow. Instead, a better approach is to better manage the environment to increase performance. However, for lowly heritable traits, selection accuracy CAN be good if an animal s own performance record is included with relative s and (or) progeny records, which go into a large-scale genetic evaluation. When heritability is high, an animal s performance (phenotypic value) is generally a good indicator of its breeding value, and genetic change due to selection
13 Heritability and Prediction A Mathematical Example: Predict a sow s BV for number of pigs weaned (NW), based on her first litter record of 12 piglets (μ=10 piglets, set to 0). Heritability is low, only ^ ^ ^ BV NW i = μ NW + b BV NW.PNW(P NW μ P NW) {b BV NW.PNW = h 2 NW} = (12-10) = (+2) = = 0.20 (2 vs. 0.20!!!) and EPD = 0.10 Rarely is such a simple formula used because: 1) More than 1 record 2) Other permanent effects (GCV, E p ) 3) Records from relatives are available 4) Traits are correlated (r g ) 5) Common environmental effects (season or year of birth, age of dam, herd or ranch location)
14 N.B. Like heritability, repeatability ranges from 0 to II. Repeatability Definitions: Repeatability (r) A measure of the strength of the relationship between repeated records (repeated phenotypic values) for a trait in a population. Examples include milk yield, racing and show performance, litter size, fleece or wool weight. Repeatability (r) A measure of the strength (consistency, reliability) of the relationship between single performance records (phenotypic values) and producing abilities (PA) for a trait in a population. {PA = G + Ep} Repeatability (r) Is the correlation between repeated records for a trait for animals in a population.
15
16
17
18 Alternative Definitions of Repeatability: σ 2 PA σ 2 BV + σ 2 GCV + σ 2 Ep σ 2 BV r = = h 2 = σ 2 P σ 2 P σ 2 P In general, r > h 2 (because PA = BV + GCV and E p ) Besides BV, most polygenic traits that are repeatable are also influenced by GCV and/or E p. For example, weaning weight in beef calves: r = 0.40 and h 2 = 0.25 (Genetics literature) Racing performance in Quarter Horses: r = 0.32 and h 2 = 0.24 Wilham and Wilson, 1991) Antler points in mature White-tailed deer: r = 0.48 and h 2 = 0.39 (Lukefahr and Jacobson, 1998)
19 REPEATABILITY ESTIMATION FOR LITTER SIZE BORN IN SWINE: Excel demonstration:
20 Repeatability and Prediction: - An application Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) Link: Leachman s Eleanor Cow# n _ (C) Pre- Rank MPPA Ratio * Rank n b _ MPPA = H + b (C - H); {b = nr/(1+(n-1)r)}; b = weight factor _ {H = 400 lbs, r = 0.40} * Ratio = (450.7/400) x 100 = 112.7
21
22 I. The following horses were evaluated for racing performance (speed in seconds) based on multiple ¼-mile racing records, as follows: _ n b Horse (n) (C) b PA ^ 1) Calculate b and PA values for all three horses. Formula: PA = b(c - H) _ (Use r = 0.32; H = 20 seconds) b = nr 1 + (n-1)r 2) Due to business expenses, if you had to cull one of the three horses, justify in adequate detail the basis for your decision. 3) Are many records necessary to have good accuracy of PA prediction for this trait? Explain your answer.
23 II. The following white-tailed bucks were evaluated for total number of antler points based on annual records, as follows: No. of Records Buck average _ Buck (n) (C) Rank b PA Re-Rank ) Calculate b and PA values for all four bucks. Formula: PA = H + b(c - H) (Use r = 0.48; H = 8.0 points) n b b = nr 1 + (n-1)r 2) If you had to harvest (cull) one of the four bucks, justify the basis for your decision. 3) How does PA accuracy improve with each additional record? That is, what is the basis or concept which explains the enhanced accuracy?
24 III. Ways to Improve Heritability and Repeatability Predict BV as accurately as possible to minimize mistakes in replacement selection. Predict PA as accurately as possible to minimize mistakes in culling. Emphasize environmental uniformity through good management (i.e., manage all animals as consistently as possible to minimize environmental variation or bias). Provide codes on data recording sheets for different contemporary management groups (e.g., creep feed and pastures) to avoid bias. Use mathematical adjustments for known environmental effects (e.g., WW ADJ ), which reduces total phenotypic variance and also avoids bias. All of these strategies involve improving accuracy and minimizing bias.
25
26 Adjusted 205-day WW Formula*: (WW BW) Age x BW + AOD WW and BW = Actual weaning and birth weights. If BW is unknown, then a 72.5 standard weight can be used. * According to Beef Improvement Federation (BIF, 2015).
27 Age-of-Dam Correction Factors for Weaning Weight in Beef Cattle* WW Adjustment (lb) Age of Dam BW Males Females * According to Beef Improvement Federation (BIF, 2014).
28 III. The following five male calves have phenotypic records for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW). However, age of calf and dam varied at time of weaning, as shown below. Calf BW WW Age Age Adjusted WW Re- # (lb) (lb) Rank (days) of Dam (lb) Rank THE FORMULA: WW = ((( WW - BW ) X 205 ) + BW ) + AOD ADJ days 1) Prior to conducting a genetic evaluation, which calf would be the best candidate for replacement selection?
29
Overview of Animal Breeding
Overview of Animal Breeding 1 Required Information Successful animal breeding requires 1. the collection and storage of data on individually identified animals; 2. complete pedigree information about the
More informationDESCRIPTION OF BEEF NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEM DATA COLLECTION
Status as of: January 2012 Form BEEF DESCRIPTION OF BEEF NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEM Country (or countries) France Trait name: Birth Weight & Calving ease Breed(s) Trait definition Method and frequency
More informationEPDs and Heterosis - What is the Difference?
EPDs and Heterosis - What is the Difference? By Steven D. Lukefahr KINGSVILLE, Texas: The value of Expected Progeny Differences or EPDs as a genetic tool of selection is widely accepted especially in the
More informationDESCRIPTION OF BEEF NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEM
Status as of: 14.07.2010 Form BEEF DESCRIPTION OF BEEF NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEM Country (or countries): Denmark Trait name: Calving Ease DATA COLLECTION Breed(s) Limousine and Charolais Trait
More informationBull Genetics: Purebreds, Composites, Full-sibs and Half-sibs
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Range Beef Cow Symposium Animal Science Department 12-9-1997 Bull Genetics: Purebreds, Composites, Full-sibs and Half-sibs
More informationIncreasing Profits per Acre with Appropriate Genetics
Increasing Profits per Acre with Appropriate Genetics Steven Lukefahr Lukefahr Ranch Kingsville, Texas Star cattle A composite of Red Angus, Senepol, and Tuli breeds Part II Characterizing the Composite:
More informationMating Systems. 1 Mating According to Index Values. 1.1 Positive Assortative Matings
Mating Systems After selecting the males and females that will be used to produce the next generation of animals, the next big decision is which males should be mated to which females. Mating decisions
More informationAdjustment for Heterogeneous Herd-Test-Day Variances
Adjustment for Heterogeneous Herd-Test-Day Variances G. J. Kistemaker and L.R. Schaeffer Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Currently lactation records
More informationIN 1. Genetic Principles and Their Applications. (Key words: Genetics, Breeding, Crossbreeding)
Extension Bulletin E-2015 (Major Rev.), September 1998 1 -^ ^J 11iIN*1I IN 1 > Wmfw 1211id1MM I :, 1 Michigan State University Extension Genetic Principles and Their Applications (Key words: Genetics,
More informationCOMPARISON OF METHODS OF PREDICTING BREEDING VALUES OF SWINE
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science Animal Science Department October 1988 COMPARISON OF METHODS OF PREDICTING
More informationEdinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Effect of time period of data used in international dairy sire evaluations Citation for published version: Weigel, KA & Banos, G 1997, 'Effect of time period of data used in
More informationEvaluation of Pfizer Animal Genetics HD 50K MVP Calibration
Evaluation of Pfizer Animal Genetics HD 50K MVP Calibration Johnston D.J.*, Jeyaruban M.G. and Graser H.-U. Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit 1, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
More informationUsing High Accuracy Sires. Dona Goede Livestock Specialist
Using High Accuracy Sires Dona Goede Livestock Specialist High Accuracy = AI Young bulls do not have high accuracy EPD s will change AI bulls can have extremely high accuracy What is Accuracy? Bull A Yearling
More information% Heterosis = [(crossbred average straightbred average) straightbred average] x 100
Utilizing Brahman Germplasm in Crossbreeding Systems atthew L. Spangler, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Breeding and Genetics Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Greater than half
More informationStatistical Indicators E-34 Breeding Value Estimation Ketose
Statistical Indicators E-34 Breeding Value Estimation Ketose Introduction Ketosis is one of the most common disorders in dairy cows during the early stages of lactation. In the period until 60 days after
More informationSprenger Cattle Co. Angus Bull Sale. Cattle with a Purpose Beyond Performance
Sprenger Cattle Co. Angus Bull Sale Cattle with a Purpose Beyond Performance Selling 8 Top Cut 2 Year Old Bulls, 20 Top Cut Yearling Bulls and 4 Herd Sires from Bolze Ranch Angus, Wednesday, June 20, 2012
More informationFrom genetic to phenotypic trends
From genetic to phenotypic trends Susanne Hermesch Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Optimal improvement of performance The performance of pigs is influenced
More informationInbreeding: Its Meaning, Uses and Effects on Farm Animals
1 of 10 11/13/2009 4:33 PM University of Missouri Extension G2911, Reviewed October 1993 Inbreeding: Its Meaning, Uses and Effects on Farm Animals Dale Vogt, Helen A. Swartz and John Massey Department
More informationBeef Cattle Handbook
Beef Cattle Handbook BCH-1400 Product of Extension Beef Cattle Resource Committee The Genetic Principles of Crossbreeding David S. Buchanan, Oklahoma State University Sally L. Northcutt, Oklahoma State
More informationBody Condition Scoring Your Cow Herd
Body Condition Scoring Your Cow Herd 04-Aug-06 Importance of Body Condition Scoring to Cattle Producers Body condition is an expression of the amount of body fat that an animal is carrying. It is a one
More informationEstimates of genetic parameters and breeding values for New Zealand and Australian Angus cattle
Running head : Genetic parameters for Angus Estimates of genetic parameters and breeding values for New Zealand and Australian Angus cattle K. Meyer Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New
More informationMBG* Animal Breeding Methods Fall Final Exam
MBG*4030 - Animal Breeding Methods Fall 2007 - Final Exam 1 Problem Questions Mick Dundee used his financial resources to purchase the Now That s A Croc crocodile farm that had been operating for a number
More informationColorado Agriscience Curriculum. Unit 3 Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1 Animal Growth and Development
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum Unit 3 Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1 Animal Growth and Development Periods of Growth There are two separate stages we are concerned with in animal growth and development.
More informationGenetic analysis of the growth rate of Israeli Holstein calves
Animal (2008), 2:12, pp 1717 1723 & The Animal Consortium 2008 doi:10.1017/s1751731108003042 animal Genetic analysis of the growth rate of Israeli Holstein calves J. I. Weller 1- and E. Ezra 2 1 Institute
More informationGenotype by environment interactions between pig populations in Australia and Indonesia
Genotype by environment interactions between pig populations in Australia and Indonesia Tiffany Mote 1, Susanne Hermesch 1 and Julius van der Werf 2 1 Animal Genetic and Breeding Unit; 2 Department of
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF. Genetic Components of Genetic Influence on Traits of. Purebred and Crossbred Populations of Swine of Berkshire and
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Paul T. Bellatty for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science presented on April 30, 1987. Title: Genetic Components of Genetic Influence on Traits of Purebred
More informationResponse to selection. Gene251/351 Lecture 7
Response to selection Gene51/351 Lecture 7 Revision For individual parents we can predict progeny merit by Estimating breeding values of each parent EBV h P Averaging these to predict progeny merit Gˆ
More informationRelationships of Scrotal Circumference to Puberty and Subsequent Reproductive Performance in Male and Female Offspring
Relationships of Scrotal ircumference to uberty and Subsequent Reproductive erformance in Male and Female Offspring J.S. Brinks olorado State University, Fort ollins Reproductive efficiency, obtained through
More informationExpected Progeny Differences (EPD) provide producers
Interpretation and Use of Expected Progeny Differences (EPD) Janice M. Rumph, Pfizer Animal Genetics Expected Progeny Differences (EPD) provide producers with a group of selection tools that specifically
More informationBasic Reproduction & Genetics. Steve Pritchard UNL Extension Educator Boone-Nance Counties
Basic Reproduction & Genetics Steve Pritchard UNL Extension Educator Boone-Nance Counties Hormonal Regulation of the Estrous Cycle Several hormones regulate the estrous cycle Changes in the concentrations
More informationDiscontinuous Traits. Chapter 22. Quantitative Traits. Types of Quantitative Traits. Few, distinct phenotypes. Also called discrete characters
Discontinuous Traits Few, distinct phenotypes Chapter 22 Also called discrete characters Quantitative Genetics Examples: Pea shape, eye color in Drosophila, Flower color Quantitative Traits Phenotype is
More informationProduct Purpose Statement for Commercial Feed Eli Miller University of Kentucky Lexington, KY May 15, 1997
Product Purpose Statement for Commercial Feed Eli Miller University of Kentucky Lexington, KY May 15, 1997 The AAFCO Model Feed Regulations requires the label for most livestock feeds to include a product
More informationGenetic Characterization of Criollo Cattle in Bolivia: II. Sire Usage and Genetic Trends for Pre and Postweaning Growth Traits
Animal Breeding Mimeograph Series (1999) No. 31 Genetic Characterization of Criollo Cattle in Bolivia: II. Sire Usage and Genetic Trends for Pre and Postweaning Growth Traits R.E. Peña*, M.A. Elzo, and
More informationScott Speidel Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State University
Scott Speidel Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State University Faculty: Mark Enns Scott Speidel Stephen Coleman Milt Thomas Grad Students: Miranda Culbertson Natalie Crawford Kaysie Jennings Rachel
More informationThe Bell Curve of Mature Buck Antler Scores: When You Manage a Buck Herd, You Manage a Bell Curve of Antler Scores By Stuart W.
The Bell Curve of Mature Buck Antler Scores: When You Manage a Buck Herd, You Manage a Bell Curve of Antler Scores By Stuart W. Stedman Summary of Part I: Bell Curve Basics Mature buck antlers are distributed
More informationCassandra L. Scanlan 1,2, Austin M. Putz 1, Kent A. Gray 3 and Nick V. L. Serão 1,2*
Scanlan et al. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2019) 10:22 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0330-0 RESEARCH Genetic analysis of reproductive performance in sows during porcine reproductive
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 31 11 3 Exploring Mendelian 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics Genetics 2 of 31 Independent Assortment Independent Assortment To determine if the segregation of one pair of alleles affects
More informationRole of Genomics in Selection of Beef Cattle for Healthfulness Characteristics
Role of Genomics in Selection of Beef Cattle for Healthfulness Characteristics Dorian Garrick dorian@iastate.edu Iowa State University & National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium Selection and Prediction
More informationHERITABILITY AND ITS GENETIC WORTH FOR PLANT BREEDING
HERITABILITY AND ITS GENETIC WORTH FOR PLANT BREEDING Author: Prasanta Kumar Majhi M. Sc. (Agri.), Junior Research Scholar, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad,
More informationGenetic Parameters of Test-Day Somatic Cell Score Estimated with a Random Regression Model
Genetic Parameters of Test-Day Somatic Cell Score Estimated with a Random Regression Model A.P.W. de Roos, A.G.F. Harbers and G. de Jong NRS, P.O. Box, 68 AL Arnhem, The Netherlands 1. Introduction As
More informationGenetic Evaluation for Ketosis in the Netherlands Based on FTIR Measurements
Abstract Genetic Evaluation for Ketosis in the Netherlands Based on FTIR Measurements J.J. Vosman, G. de Jong, H. Eding and H. Knijn CRV, P.O. Box 454, 6800 AL Arnhem, The Netherlands E-mail: Jorien.Vosman@crv4all.com
More informationEvaluating Genetic Sources
Evaluating Genetic Sources Introduction Author Steve Moeller, The Ohio State University Reviewers Tom Baas, Iowa State University Todd See, North Carolina State University Identifying and evaluating alternative
More informationUnit B Understanding Animal Body Systems. Lesson 7 Understanding Animal Reproduction
Unit B Understanding Animal Body Systems Lesson 7 Understanding Animal Reproduction 1 Terms Anestrus Artificial insemination Castration Cervix Copulation Diestrus Egg Ejaculation Estrous cycle Estrus Fertilization
More informationBasics of Swine Behavior: Behavioral Adaptation a Selection Tool?
Basics of Swine Behavior: Behavioral Adaptation a Selection Tool? Janeen L. Salak-Johnson, PhD Associate Professor of Stress Physiology and Animal Wellbeing University of Illinois December 5, 2013 Domestication
More informationPredicting Energy Balance Status of Holstein Cows using Mid-Infrared Spectral Data
Predicting Energy Balance Status of Holstein Cows using Mid-Infrared Spectral Data Sinéad Mc Parland, G.Banos, E.Wall, M.P.Coffey, H.Soyeurt, R.F.Veerkamp & D.P.Berry Introduction Energy balance (output-input)
More informationCalf Notes.com. Calf Note 167 Testing the lactocrine hypothesis in newborn calves
Calf Notes.com Calf Note 167 Testing the lactocrine hypothesis in newborn calves Introduction Feeding colostrum is important for all newborn calves. High quality first-milking colostrum contains large
More informationEffect of TMR chemical composition on milk yield lactation curves using a random regression animal model
Effect of TMR chemical composition on milk yield lactation curves using a random regression animal model M. Caccamo 1,2, R. F. Veerkamp 2, R. Petriglieri 1, F. La Terra 1, and G. Licitra 1,3 1 2 3 EAAP
More informationAL Van Eenennaam University of California, Davis. MM Rolf Kansas State University. BP Kinghorn University of New England, NSW, Australia
IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ALLELES IMPAIRING HEIFER FERTILITY WHILE OPTIMIZING GENETIC GAIN IN ANGUS CATTLE USDA-NIFA Award #2013-68004-20364 JF Taylor, DS Brown, M F Smith, RD Schnabel, SE Poock,
More informationBreed Differences and Heterosis Effects for Carcass and Meat Palatability Traits in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Cattle Population
Breed Differences and Heterosis Effects for Carcass and Meat Palatability Traits in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Cattle Population M. A. Elzo, D. D. Johnson, J. G. Wasdin, and J. D. Driver 1 1 Department
More informationunderstood as achieving highest possible efficiency (combined pigs produced per sow per
Bio-markers measuring health status and management tools to improve productive performance and animal health on swine commercial farms CARLOS PIÑEIRO NOGUERA Current swine production is led by competitiveness
More informationYearling Angus Bulls Semen Directory. SITZAngus.com Harrison, MT Dillon, MT SITZ Ranch
Yearling Angus Bulls 2018 SITZAngus.com Harrison, MT Dillon, MT SITZ Ranch 406-683-5277 69 n e Sem Sale Week Special e v Sa Order March 7-14 and With purchase of bull OR with volume order of 100 units
More informationSome basics about mating schemes
Some basics about mating schemes Ab F. Groen and Liesbeth Van der Waaij Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen,
More informationCooperative Extension Service University of Hawaii Circular 479 X--; ITS MEANING AND USE IN ANIMAL BREEDING D. W. Vogt
l Cooperative Extension Service University of Hawaii Circular 479 C A X--;--------- C B ITS MEANING AND USE IN ANIMAL BREEDING D. W. Vogt INBREEDIN6 ITS MEANING AND USE IN ANIMAL BREEDING D.W.VOGT Associate
More information11-1: Introduction to Genetics
11-1: Introduction to Genetics The Work of Gregor Mendel Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genetics Vocabulary Genetics The study of heredity. Heredity The passing of physical characteristics from parents
More informationJuvenile IGF-I: an update
Juvenile IGF-I: an update Kim Bunter and Uwe Wuensch Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU), a joint venture of NSW Agriculture and the University of New England, University of New England, Armidale,
More informationUtah State Jr. Livestock Show Knowledge Test 2017 Senior. Name: County: Score:
Utah State Jr. Livestock Show Knowledge Test 2017 Senior Name: County: Score: True or False - Please circle the correct answer: 1. True or False: High birth weight in calves is always good. -BF 6 2. True
More informationDouble The Muscle: Genotype and Probability
Double The Muscle: Genotype and Probability Name Introduction to the Double Muscle Trait In some organisms, including cattle, a recessive genetic mutation will result in the inactivation of a gene that
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 31 11 3 Exploring Mendelian 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics Genetics 2 of 31 Independent Assortment What is the principle of independent assortment? 3 of 31 Independent Assortment Independent
More informationINHERITANCE OF SCROTAL HERNIA IN SWINE 1 W. T. MAGEE 2. Iowa State College
S INHERITANCE OF SCROTAL HERNIA IN SWINE 1 W. T. MAGEE 2 Iowa State College CROTAL hernia is the protrusion of the intestine or of any other organ into the scrotum, usually through the inguinal canal.
More information2017 AOA EPD Producer Report: Generation 10
2017 AOA EPD Producer Report: Generation 10 DR. MARK ENNS, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY The new EPD for the 2017 genetic evaluation of the Huacaya and Suri databases were just completed. Expected progeny
More informationInbreeding in Swine PAGE 1 PIG Authors David S. Buchanan, Oklahoma State University
Inbreeding in Swine Originally published as a National Swine Improvement Federation Factsheet. Authors David S. Buchanan, Oklahoma State University Reviewers Kreg Leymaster, USDA MARC, Clay Center NE Ken
More informationInteraction of Genes and the Environment
Some Traits Are Controlled by Two or More Genes! Phenotypes can be discontinuous or continuous Interaction of Genes and the Environment Chapter 5! Discontinuous variation Phenotypes that fall into two
More informationSELECTION FOR HIGH AND LOW FATNESS IN SWINE
~ SELECTION FOR HIGH AND LOW FATNESS IN SWINE )R many years, body conformation and type were the only important criteria available to breeders attempting to improve carcass merit in swine. Although selection
More informationC. Incorrect! Resemblance is not described by heritability. Heritability is a concept that is easily confused, so memorize the definition.
Genetics - Problem Drill 09: Genetics and Environment No. 1 of 10 1. Heritability is. (A) The fraction of a population's phenotype, which is strictly due to genetic factors. (B) The fraction of a population's
More information5/16/2014. Why is the fetal stage so important for beef cattle? Can Cow Nutrition Affect Performance, Quality and Palatability of Its Calf?
Why is the fetal stage so important for beef cattle? Can Cow Nutrition Affect Performance, Quality and Palatability of Its Calf? Min Du Professor Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University
More informationBody Condition Scoring Beef Cows
Body Condition Scoring Beef Cows What, How, Why, When John Dhuyvetter NCREC Minot, ND What is BCS Body condition simply refers to the degree of fleshiness or fatness of a cow Fatness is measured by a simple
More informationImpacts of genomic. pre-selection on classical genetic evaluations. Vincent Ducrocq, Clotilde Patry. Vincent Ducrocq & Clotilde Patry
Impacts of genomic pre-selection on classical genetic evaluations Vincent Ducrocq, Clotilde Patry 1 Overview Theoretical considerations suggest that genomic pre-selection of progeny-tested bulls leads
More informationPrediction of Breeding Value Using Bivariate Animal Model for Repeated and Single Records
Journal of Animal Research: v.5 n.2, p. 311-315. June 2015 DOI Number: 10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00053.4 Prediction of Breeding Value Using Bivariate Animal Model for Repeated and Records Shakti Kant Dash
More informationW.L. Flowers Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University
Sow and Piglet Performance during Lactation and Sow Rebreeding Performance for Self Feeders and Hand Feeding Final Report W.L. Flowers Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University The main
More informationBIA Conference Composite Breeding. David Johnston. Introduction. Composite breed theory
BIA Conference 1995 Composite Breeding David Johnston Introduction Breeders can improve their breeding stock genetically by utilising variation that exists within our livestock species. In beef cattle,
More informationAnalysis of Persistency of Lactation Calculated from a Random Regression Test Day Model
Analysis of Persistency of Lactation Calculated from a Random Regression Test Day Model J. Jamrozik 1, G. Jansen 1, L.R. Schaeffer 2 and Z. Liu 1 1 Canadian Dairy Network, 150 Research Line, Suite 307
More informationCentralized Ultrasound Processing to Develop Carcass EPD s
Centralized Ultrasound Processing to Develop Carcass EPD s A.S. Leaflet R1713 Craig Hays, CUP manager Doyle Wilson, professor of animal science Gene Rouse, professor of animal science Abebe Hassen, assistant
More informationPayback News. Capturing Value with Creep Feeding. protein, vitamins, and minerals, on pasture. When done correctly,
CHS NUTRITION Payback News April, 2015 In this issue of Payback News: Capturing Value with Creep Feeding Managing Mycotoxins in Grain and Forage Inside this issue: Capturing Value with Creep Feeding 2
More informationMendel and Heredity. Chapter 12
Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 Objectives: 1.) Differentiate between genotype and phenotype 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Differentiate between dominant and recessive alleles. 4.) Explain
More information2018 Innovative Grazing Forum
2018 Innovative Grazing Forum John Bertram Cattle Breeding and Genetics What do Reef Catchment / Management and Bull Selection practices have in common? ü Increased efficiency in use of the grazing system
More informationImproving Piglet Survival
Improving Piglet Survival Emma Baxter Susan Jarvis, Sheena Robson, Marianne Farish, Rainer Roehe, Alistair Lawrence, Sandra Edwards 1 Background Total pre-weaning mortality (stillbirths + live-born mortality)
More informationProceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle September 11 and 12, 2007, Billings, Montana IMPROVING COWHERD REPRODUCTION VIA GENETICS
Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle September 11 and 12, 2007, Billings, Montana IMPROVING COWHERD REPRODUCTION VIA GENETICS Wade Shafer American Simmental Association Bozeman,
More informationHEREDITY = The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Transmitted by means of information stored in molecules of DNA.
HEREDITY = The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Transmitted by means of information stored in molecules of DNA. GENEITCS =Scientific study of heredity Based on knowledge that traits are transmitted
More informationUsage of Predictors for Fertility in the Genetic Evaluation, Application in the Netherlands
Usage of Predictors for Fertility in the Genetic Evaluation, Application in the Netherlands G. de Jong NRS, P.O. Box 454, 6800 AL Arnhem, The Netherlands E-mail: Jong.G@nrs.nl 1. Introduction The last
More informationBabcock Purebred Hampshire
Babcock Purebred Hampshire RN- negative & Stress negative Extremely robust Docile market hogs Excellent meat quality Durable for all sow housing systems Excellent growth rate and feed efficiency Low backfat
More informationControl of Pestivirus Infections in Cattle. P.D. Kirkland, Virology Laboratory, EMAI
Control of Pestivirus Infections in Cattle P.D. Kirkland, Virology Laboratory, EMAI Bovine Pestivirus - BVDV First recognised in 1948 in USA Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Mucosal Disease Virus Classical
More informationNew genetic evaluation of fertility in Swiss Brown Swiss Birgit Gredler and Urs Schnyder Qualitas AG, Zug Switzerland
New genetic evaluation of fertility in Swiss Brown Swiss Birgit Gredler and Urs Schnyder Qualitas AG, Zug Switzerland 2013 Interbull Open Meeting Nantes, France Background Impaired fertility is the main
More informationWhat is epigene-cs? What is epigene-cs? What is epigene-cs? What is epigene-cs? 4/24/12
Implica-ons of epigene-c influences for ca7le breeding systems and gene-c evalua-on Beef Improvement Federa-on Andy D. Herring 44 th Research Symposium and Annual Mee-ng Research Partners Texas A&M University:
More informationKeywords. Punnett Square forked line. gene allele dominant recessive character trait phenotype genotype
Genetics Core Concepts Mendel s Law of Segregation states that there are two alleles for every gene determining a specific characteristic, and these alleles are segregated into separate gametes during
More informationFAT SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BEEF CATTLE: EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND CALF GROWTH
FAT SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BEEF CATTLE: EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND CALF GROWTH F. Anez-Osuna 1, 2, H.A. (Bart) Lardner 1, 2, G. Penner 2, P. Jefferson 1, J. Campbell 3, C. Fitzsimmon 4 and J. McKinnon
More informationEstimates of Genetic Parameters for the Canadian Test Day Model with Legendre Polynomials for Holsteins Based on More Recent Data
Estimates of Genetic Parameters for the Canadian Test Day Model with Legendre Polynomials for Holsteins Based on More Recent Data Bethany Muir, Gerrit Kistemaker and Brian Van Doormaal Canadian Dairy Network
More informationSwiss Brown Swiss in different environments: Does GxE play an important role? Beat Bapst Qualitas AG, Switzerland
Swiss Brown Swiss in different environments: Does GxE play an important role? Beat Bapst Qualitas AG, Switzerland 07.04.2016 World Brown Swiss Congress, Mende Introduction/Background Brown Swiss Dairy
More informationB-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics
B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics The Chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology that states genes
More informationFEED EFFICIENCY IN SWINE. I. A COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT PERIODS AND METHODS OF EXPRESSING FEED EFFICIENCY 1
T FEED EFFICIENCY IN SWINE. I. A COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT PERIODS AND METHODS OF EXPRESSING FEED EFFICIENCY 1 O. W. Robison and ]. M. Berruecos 2 North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607 Summary
More informationNational Western Angus Sale Bulls - January 16, 2019 EPDs As Of: 1/11/2019 Lot # CED BW WW YW RADG SC DOC CEM Milk CWt Marb RE $W / $B
National Western Angus Sale Bulls - January 16, 2019 EPDs As Of: 1/11/2019 Class 1 - Spring Calves 1 Dandy Acres Dually 35 +16-1.8 +74 DOB: 3/7/2018 +129 +.19 Rump Fat: 0.41 Rib Fat: 0.44 Sc: 37.0 Weight:
More informationRobert E. Taylor Memorial Symposium Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Fort Collins, CO December 2-3, 2
Robert E. Taylor Memorial Symposium Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Fort Collins, CO December 2-3, 2 2008 Natural Service Mating with Bulls - - Management Considerations - - Roger W. Ellis
More informationSupplementation for the Cow-Calf Calf Producer
Supplementation for the Cow-Calf Calf Producer Jason Cleere Assistant Professor Extension Beef Cattle Specialist Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University Why is nutrition important??? Animal Nutrition
More informationProbability and Punnett Squares
Performance Task Probability and Punnett Squares Essential Knowledge 3.A.3 Challenge Area 3.14 Building Block A The chromosomal basis of inheritance provides an understanding of the pattern of passage
More informationCHAPTER 1: ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR... 1
Table of Contents About the Authors... xii Acknowledgments... xiv CHAPTER 1: ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR... 1 Introduction... 1 The Ecological Context... 1 Herbivore Adaptation and Foraging Habits...
More informationGROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THREE-BREED CROSSES OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN, BROWN SWISS AND HARIANA CATTLE *
Indian J. Anim. Res., 41 (4) : 244-249, 2007 GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THREE-BREED CROSSES OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN, BROWN SWISS AND HARIANA CATTLE * S. Bindu Madhuri, C.L. Suman and H.S. Pandey Livestock Production
More informationMendel and Heredity. Chapter 12
Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 12.1 Objectives: 1.) summarize the importance of Mendel s experiments 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Explain that alleles determine what physical traits
More informationGosey Red Angus. Final Bull Sale... Saturday, April 4, :00 pm CDT Gosey Red Angus Headquarters Raymond, Nebraska
Gosey Red Angus Final Bull Sale... Saturday, April 4, 2015 1:00 pm CDT Gosey Red Angus Headquarters Raymond, Nebraska Welcome to Gosey Red Angus Last Bull Sale... After dispersing our purebred Red Angus
More informationGenetic evaluation of mastitis in France
Genetic evaluation of mastitis in France Armelle Govignon-Gion, Romain Dassonneville, Guillaume Baloche, Vincent Ducrocq INRA, UMR 1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Jouy-en-Josas, France Economic
More informationDifferent Animal Models for Estimating Genetic Parameters of Barki Sheep in Egypt
Different Animal Models for Estimating Genetic Parameters of Barki Sheep in Egypt El-Awady, H. G. Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, PC: 33516, Kafrelsheikh,
More informationCh 9 Assignment. 2. According to the blending theory of inheritance, a white rabbit crossed with a red rabbit would produce what kind of offspring?
Big idea: Mendel s Laws Answer the following questions as you read modules 9.1 9.10: 1. The study of genetics can be traced back to the Greek physician 2. According to the blending theory of inheritance,
More information