MOSQUITO CONTROL OPTIONS FOR COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT ENTITIES

Transcription

1 MOSQUITO CONTROL OPTIONS FOR COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT ENTITIES E.W. Gray and Ray Noblet, Entomologists ALERT As of October 1, 2011, mosquito control operators were required to conform to the Clean Water Act (CWA) and be permitted by Georgia s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The state NPDES is managed through the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (404) A Notice of Intent (NOI) must be submitted to the EPD within 0-days of making a pesticide application that contacts waters of the state. In addition, the Georgia Department of Agriculture now has a Mosquito Control category (41). License holders in category 1 who made mosquito control treatments are now required to be licensed in Category 41. The Georgia Mosquito Control Association website (gamosquito.org) has comprehensive information about these new regulations. The University of Georgia Cooperative Extension service can be reached at (706) for additional information related to these matters. Table 1. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use as Ultra Low Volume and Low Volume Sprays in Ground Applications for the Control of Adult Mosquitoes chlorpyrifos Mosquitomist One ULV FLOW RATE FL OZ/MIN APPLICATION SPEED MPH Mosquitomist Two ULV Mosquitomist Pyrifos One Mist ULV EC PyroFos 1.5 ULV chlorpyrifos + permethrin ULV Mosquito Master 412 deltamethrin DeltaGard etofenprox Aqua Zenivex E A Can be diluted with water. Non-corrosive, quick knockdown, low odor, and low mammalian toxicity. Breaks down quickly in the environment. Viable option for resistance management purposes. A choice where insecticide resistance is a serious concern. No piperonyl butoxide (pbo) in formulation, Type II pyrethroid. Zenivex E4 RTU Newer product that may be helpful if resistance is a concern. Zenivex E malathion Fyfanon ULV naled Dibrom Concentrate Long time standard and still effective and cost efficient. Odor present, excites mosquitoes prior to mortality Trumpet EC permethrin/pbo Aqualuer Restricted Use Pesticide due to eye and skin hazard. Best choice for salt-marsh mosquitoes, typically applied aerially, rapidly degrades in the environment, however highly corrosive to all equipment Resistance is a concern. Areas that have used permethrin over several seasons should evaluate pest population for susceptibility. Aqua Perm-X UL Aqua-Reslin Biomist Biomist Biomist Biomist Biomist Excellent choice for ground applications. Variety of applications. Widely used and highly effective. Maintain the rate in the lb/a range. UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition 17

2 Table 1. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use as Ultra Low Volume and Low Volume Sprays in Ground Applications for the Control of Adult Mosquitoes permethrin/pbo (continued) Envion FLOW RATE FL OZ/MIN APPLICATION SPEED MPH Can be diluted with water or oil. Envion RTU Pre-mixed, water diluted, ready to use formulation. Evolver 4-4 ULV Depending on dilution rate and speed. Evolver 0-0 ULV Aqua-Kontrol Concentrate May be diluted with water. Kontrol Kontrol Kontrol Permanone - Ready-to-use Permanone Permanone Perm-X UL Perm-X UL Perm-X UL sumithrin/pbo Anvil ULV Anvil pralletron and sumithrin Duet Good for truck applications Combines two active ingredients, causes benign agitation, useful against Asian Tiger Mosquito. 18 UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition

3 Table 2. Label recommendations of Insecticides for Use as Thermal Aerosols in Ground Applications for the Control of Adult Mosquitoes chlorpyrifos Mosquitomist One ULV FLOW RATE FL OZ/MIN 9.6 Mosquitomist 1.5 ULV 6.7 PyroFos 1.5 ULV 6.4 etofenprox Aqua Zenivex E20 A APPLICATION SPEED MPH Zenivex E4 RTU Zenivex E Non-corrosive, quick knockdown, low odor, and low mammalian toxicity. Breaks down quickly in the environment. Viable option for resistance management purposes. Apply at the rate of lb ai/a. malathion Fyfanon ULV Long time standard and still effective and cost efficient. Odor present, excites mosquitoes prior to mortality. naled Dibrom Concentrate Restricted Use Pesticide due to eye and skin hazard. Best choice for salt-marsh mosquitoes, typically applied aerially, rapidly degrades in the environment, however highly corrosive to all equipment. permethrin/pbo Aqualuer Aqua Perm-X UL Rate not to exceed lb/a. Envion Do not exceed lb ai/a. Envion RTU Droplet size will range from microns. Evolver 4-4 ULV 5-20 Apply in lb ai/a range. Evolver 0-0 ULV Rates vary according to dilution, do not exceed lb/a. Kontrol Widely used and highly effective. Maintain dose in the lb/a range. Kontrol Kontrol Permanone Flow rate depends on concentration. Rate not to exceed lb permethrin/a. Perm-X UL Perm-X UL Perm-X UL pyrethrin/pbo Pyrenone Variable Rate not to exceed lb of pyrethrins/a. No water set back, many indoor uses. sumithrin/phenothrin/pbo Anvil 2+2 ULV, A Good for truck applications. Anvil ULV UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition 19

4 Table. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use in Aerial Applications for Control of Adult Mosquitoes. GROSS AMOUNT PER ACRE (OZ) chlorpyrifos Mosquitomist One ULV 1.28 PyroFos 1.5 ULV 0.87 etofenprox Aqua Zenivex E20 Zenivex E4 RTU Zenivex E20 malathion Fyfanon ULV naled Dibrom Concentrate Trumpet EC permethrin/pbo AquaHalt Aqualuer A Non-corrosive, quick knockdown, low odor, and low mammalian toxicity. Breaks down quickly in the environment. Viable option for resistance management purposes. Apply diluted or undiluted at rates up to lb ai/a. Minimum application height 100 ft. Apply at ft altitude. 1- Long time standard and still effective and cost efficient. Odor present, excites mosquitoes prior to mortality. New lower rate recently approved by EPA Restricted Use Pesticide due to eye and skin hazard. Best choice for salt-marsh mosquitoes, typically applied aerially, rapidly degrades in the environment, however, highly corrosive to all equipment Water based, labeled for use over crops. Apply diluted or undiluted at rates up to lb ai/a. Aqua-Reslin Widely used and highly effective. Maintain dose in the lb/a range. Biomist ULV 9 Biomist ULV Biomist ULV 1- Biomist ULV 0.-1 Biomist ULV 0.-1 Envion Apply diluted or undiluted at rates up to lb permethrin/pbo/a. Envion RTU up to 2.72 Apply at altitudes between ft. Evolver 4-4 ULV.1 Do not exceed.1 fl oz/a. Evolver 0-0 ULV Aqua-Kontrol Concentrate up to 1.5 Apply at sufficient air speed to deliver the appropriate amount of a.i./a (from lb). Kontrol up to Kontrol up to 0.5 Permanone Perm-X UL 4-4 up to.1 Perm-X UL 0-0 up to 0.2 Perm-X UL 1-66 up to 0.6 pyrethrins/pbo Pyrenone 25-5 sumithrin/pbo 1- Anvil ULV Anvil ULV prallethrin and sumithrin Duet Apply up to lb of pyrethrins/a with equipment designed and operated to produce a ULV spray application Combines two active ingredients, causes benign agitation, option for Asian Tiger Mosquito. 140 UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition

5 Table 4. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use in Ground Applications for Larval Mosquito Control. mineral oil BVA2 Mosquito Larvicide Oil Cocobear Mosquito Larvicide Oil larvicide oil Kontrol Mosquito Larvicide methoprene Altosid Liquid Larvicide Altosid Liquid Larvicide Concentrate Altosid 0-Day Briquets Altosid XR Briquets Altosid Pellets Altosid Pellets Water Soluble Pouch (WSP) GROSS AMOUNT PER ACRE (OZ) 1-5 gal Surface film material. Effective against both larvae and pupae, low labor input required. Use higher rates for areas with more vegetation or pollution. -5 gal 1-5 gal 7A -4 fl oz Significant residual effect possible, up-front cost more, can save labor costs. Approved for use in stock waters. Newly approved for ULV applications. Used to prepare Altosand granular formulation fl oz 1/100 sq ft 1 briquet/ sq ft Up to 15 sq ft Altosid SBG II -20 lb Rate depends on target species. Altosid XR-G May be applied prior to flooding. For areas up to 2 ft in depth, use additional briquette for areas over 2 ft in depth. Effective up to 150 days. Rate depends on species targeted. Use lower rates when water is shallow or vegetation, and/or pollution is minimal. Effective up to 0 days. MetaLarv S-PT Use lower rates when water is shallow, vegetation, and/or pollution are minimal and mosquito populations are low. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Aquabac XT 12AS Aquabac 200G Aquabac 400G Bactimos/Summit Briquets/Dunks Teknar HP-D Vectobac CG Vectobac 12AS Vectobac G Fourstar Multi-Brood Controlled Release Granule 11A 1-2 pt Biological control agent, very effective, environmentally sound, store products in cool areas, and use by expiration date. Timing of application critical for maximum effectiveness. Use higher label rates when large larval populations are present, larvae are in late rd or 4th instars or local experience has demonstrated that higher rates are required to achieve high levels of mortality lb 1 briquet/100 sq ft pt gal 2-20 lb 7. Fourstar Bti Briquet 150-Day 1 briquet/100 sq ft Alternate wetting and drying will not reduce effectiveness, performs optimally in shaded areas. Bacillus sphaericus Vectolex WSP Vectolex CG (Waste Tires) Vectolex WDG 1 1 pouch/50 sq ft Biological control agent with residual effect. Targets specific species, especial Culex. Not recommended for salt-marsh mosquitoes lb or lb/1000 sq ft lb UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition 141

6 Table 4. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use in Ground Applications for Larval Mosquito Control. Bacillus thiringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus Vectomax FG Vectomax WSP Vectomax G Fourstar 45-Day Briquet Fourstar 90-Day Briquet Fourstar 180-Day Briquet 11A + 1 GROSS AMOUNT PER ACRE (OZ) /A lb/a for tire piles 1 pouch/50 sq ft /A lb/a for tire piles 1 briquet/100 sq ft 1 briquet/100 sq ft 1 briquet/100 sq ft Fourstar Multi-Brood Granule 7./A Effective up to 4 weeks. Fourstar Multi-Brood Controlled Release Granule /A Fourstar Single Brood Bti Sand Granule Fourstar Water Soluble Pouch -10 lb 1 pouch/50 sq ft of larval habitat Effective against all pest species of mosquitoes, will reduce likelihood of resistance. Approved for use in organic crops and sensitive areas. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and (s)-methoprene Vectoprime 11A + 7A lb/a lb/a Post-flood Use higher rates when water is heavily polluted. Pre-flood Use rate 7 days pre-flood. 20 lb/a 7-14 days pre-flood. Wider application window for early or late instars. Duplex G 2./A Heavy, uniform granule, improves calibration and penetration into habitats. spinosad Natular G Single Brood Granule lb/a Registered as a reduced risk pesticide by EPA. Natular G Multiple-brood extended release granule. Natular 2EC Single Brood Liquid fl oz/a Natular T0 1 tablet/100 sq ft Multiple-brood, 0-day tablet. Natular XRT 1 tablet/100 sq ft Multiple-brood extended release tablet. 142 UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition

7 Table 5. Label Recommendations of Insecticides for Use in Aerial Applications for Control of Larval Mosquitoes. mineral oil BVA 2 Mosquito Larvicide Oil Cocobear Mosquito Larvicide Oil GROSS AMOUNT PER ACRE (OZ) -5 gal -5 gal Surface film material. Not for use in environmentally sensitive areas. Surface film product that controls larvae and pupae. Kontrol Mosquito Larvicide Oil Aerial: 2-4 gal Ground: 1-5 gal Rate depends on water surface conditions and vegetative density. methoprene Altosid Liquid Larvicide Altoside Liquid Larvicide Concentrate Altosid pellets Altosid XR-G Altosand G 7A -4 fl oz fl oz 1/200 sq ft 8-10 lb Effective against both larvae and pupae, low labor input required. MetaLarv S-PT Use lower rates when water is shallow, vegetation and/or pollution are minimal and mosquito populations are low. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Aquabac XT Summit B.t.i. Granules Teknar HPD Vectobac 12 AS Vectobac CG Vectobac G Vectobac WDG Fourstar Single Brood Bti Sand Granule Fourstar Multi-brood Controlled Release Granule Sustain MBG Bacillus sphaericus Vectolex CG Vectolex WDG 11A pt pt pt lb oz -20 lb 7. Biological control agent, very effective, environmentally sound, store products in cool areas and use by expiration date. Timing of application critical for maximum effectiveness. Granular formulations can be applied pre- or post-hatch. 1 Biological control agent with residual effect. Targets specific species, especially Culex lb Vectolex WSP 1 pouch/50 sq ft Water soluble pouch, good choice for catch basins. Bacillus thiringiensis subsp. israensis and Bacillus sphaericus Vectomax CG Vectomax G Duplex G 11A lb for tire piles lb for tire piles 2. Fourstar Multi-Brood Granule Effective up to 40 days. Fourstar Multi-Brood Controlled Release Granule spinosad Natular G Natular XRG Natular 2EC Effective against all pest species of mosquitoes, will reduce likelihood of resistance lb Registered as a reduced risk pesticide by EPA fl oz/a UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition 14

8 Table 6. Toxicity of Insecticides Used in Mosquito Control Compared to Some Other Common Insecticides and Chemicals. ACUTE ORAL LD 50 IN MG TECH/KG FOR RATS BY REFERENCE NUMBER COMMON NAME 1* 2** *** allethrin --- b , aspirin --- 1,900 a bendiocarb Ficam bti --- b non-toxic --- non-toxic chlorpyrifos Dursban /15 dichlorvos DDVP fenitrothion Sumithion /800 fenthion Baytex /290 malathion Fyfanon ,75/1,000 methoprene --- b 4600 > 4,600 > 4,600 methoxychlor --- b ,000-7,000 > 6,000 monomolecular firm Agnique > 20,000 naled Dibrom parathion --- b phenothrin Sumithrin > 10,000 > 10,000 phenthoate Cidial ,000 > 2,000 piperonyl butoxide ,150-7, propoxur Baygon /104 pyrethrin --- b , ,870 resmethrin SBP salt --- 4,500 a sugar ,000 a temephos --- b 200 1,000-1,000 8,600-1,00 a The Bottom Line. Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. January 1981, 7 pp. (from: Hodge, H.C. and W.C. Downs, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. : , 1961). b Manufactured under several trade names. * Thompson, W.T Agricultural chemicals, Book 1 Insecticides, Revision. Thompson Pub., Fresno, CA 255 pp. ** Kenaga, E.E., and R.W. Morgan Commercial and Experimental Organic Insecticides Revision, Entomol. Soc. of Am. Pub pp. *** From manufacturers technical data. 144 UGA Extension Special Bulletin 28 Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2019 Commercial Edition