Ocean Colour and the marine carbon cycle
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1 Ocean Colour and the marine carbon cycle Bob Brewin 1,2 1 Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK 2 National Centre for Earth Observation, PML, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use
2 Overview of ocean colour lectures Ocean Colour theory 11:30-12:30 1 st August Ocean Colour and the marine carbon cycle 12:30-13:30 2 nd August Ocean Colour and climate 11:30-12:30 3 rd August ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 2
3 Earth Carbon budget (GtC y -1 ) Budget imbalance (0.6) fossil fuel land use land emissions change sink 9.4± ± ±0.9 Atmospheric growth 4.7±0.1 GHG CCI ocean sink 2.4±0.5 geological reservoirs Sources: Le Quéré et al. (2018) Earth Syst. Sci. Data., 10, ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 3
4 Epipelagic Mesopelagic Sinking phytoplankton Sinking aggregates Sinking fecal pellets Diel vertical migration Land CO 2 POOLS OF CARBON IN THE OCEAN DIC ~38,000 Pg C CO 2 H 2 CO 3 HCO 3 - CO 3 2- DOC ~662 Pg C CDOM DOM POC ~2.3 Pg C Phytoplankton Zooplankton Bacteria Detritus PIC ~0.02 Pg C CaCO 3 Phytoplankton Primary production Physical Transport Bacteria grazing respiration excretion Aggregation Zooplankton Bacteria respiration excretion Zooplankton solubilization consumption ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 4 Export CO 2
5 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 5
6 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 6
7 Total chlorophyll-a Total Chlorophyll-a = Monovinyl Chl a + divinyl Chl a + Chl a allomer + Chl a epimer + chlorophyllide a ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 7 Bidigare et al. (1990). Ocean Optics X Trees et al. (2000) Limnol. Oceanogr.
8 Total chlorophyll-a ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 8 Source ESA: Sathyendranath et al. (2017) RSE
9 Total chlorophyll-a Total chlorophyll (C) ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 9
10 Optical properties of water and its constituents Water CONSTANT Chlorophyll (C) R λ r b b λ a λ Case-2: Phytoplankton biomass does not covary with detritus and CDOM Case-1: Phytoplankton biomass covaries with detritus and CDOM. IOPs can be tied with reasonable confidence to the chlorophyll concentration (C) ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 10 Morel and Prieur (1977) Limnol. Oceanogr.
11 Optical properties of water and its constituents Water CONSTANT Phytoplankton Detritus CDOM R λ r b b λ a λ Case-2: Phytoplankton biomass does not covary with detritus and CDOM Case-1: Phytoplankton biomass covaries with detritus and CDOM IOPs can be tied to the chlorophyll concentration (C) ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 11 Morel and Prieur (1977) Limnol. Oceanogr.
12 Total chlorophyll-a ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 12 Source ESA: von Schuckmann et al. (2016) Journal of Operational Oceanography
13 Total chlorophyll-a Validation ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 13 Ocean-Colour Climate Change Initiative Brewin et al. (2016) RSE
14 Total chlorophyll-a ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 14 von Schuckmann et al. (2016) Journal of Operational Oceanography
15 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 15
16 Phytoplankton Carbon August 2003 Sathyendranath et al. (2009) MEPS ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 16 See also Behrenfeld et al. (2005) GBC, Kostadinov et al. (2016) Source ESA: Martinez-Vincente et al. (2013) GRL OS, and Roy et al. (2016) RSE, Jackson et al. (2017) FMS
17 Phytoplankton Carbon August 2003 Sathyendranath et al. (2009) MEPS ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 17 Martinez-Vincente et al. (2013) GRL See also Behrenfeld et al. (2005) GBC, Kostadinov et al. (2016) OS, and Roy et al. (2016) RSE, Jackson et al. (2017) FMS
18 Phytoplankton Carbon Validation August 2003 Martinez-Vicente et al. (2017) Frontiers in Marine Science ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 18
19 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 19
20 Particulate Organic Carbon Reflectance-based Backscattering-based ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 20 Source ESA: Stramski et al. (2008) Biogeosciences
21 Particulate Organic Carbon Validation ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 21 Stramski et al. (2008) Biogeosciences Source ESA: Evers-King et al. (2017) Frontiers Marine Science
22 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 22
23 Phytoplankton Group Chlorophyll Detection-based Extrapolation-based Sathyendranath et al. (2004) MEPS Uitz et al. (2006) J. Geophys. Res. see IOCCG (2014) Report Number 15, Mouw et al. (2017) Front. Mar. Sci ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 23
24 Phytoplankton Group Chlorophyll An example of an extrapolation-based approach Brewin et al. (2010) Ecol. Model. Brewin et al. (2011) Appl. Optics Brewin et al. (2012a) Opt. Express Brewin et al. (2012b) Deep Sea Res. II Brotas et al. (2013) Rem. Sens. Environ. Brewin et al. (2014b) J Geophys. Res. Lin et al. (2014) Mar. Pollut. Bull. Brewin et al. (2015) Rem. Sens. Environ. Brewin et al. (2017) Frontiers in Marine science ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 24
25 Phytoplankton Group Chlorophyll ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 25 Brewin et al. (2010) Ecol. Model.
26 Phytoplankton Group Chlorophyll Validation ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 26 Brewin et al. (2015) Rem. Sens. Environ.
27 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 27
28 Phytoplankton Group Carbon Backscatteringbased Kostadinov et al. (2016) Ocean Sciences Absorptionbased Roy et al. (2017) Rem. Sens. Environ. Allometric scaling based approaches ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 28
29 Phytoplankton Group Carbon Validation Backscattering-based ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 29 Kostadinov et al. (2016) Ocean Sciences Absorption-based Roy et al. (2017) Rem. Sens. Environ.
30 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 30
31 Particle Inorganic Carbon ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 31
32 Particle Inorganic Carbon Balch et al. (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research Gordon et al. (2001) Geophysical Research Letters ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 32
33 Particle Inorganic Carbon ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 33 Balch et al. (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research Gordon et al. (2001) Geophysical Research Letters
34 Particle Inorganic Carbon Validation ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 34 Balch et al. (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research Gordon et al. (2001) Geophysical Research Letters
35 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 35
36 Primary production ESA OC-CCI CHL-A ESA PAR PRODUCT (NEW) ESA INTEGRATED PRIMARY PRODUCTION PRODUCT ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 36 Bouman et al. (2018) ESSD
37 Primary production ESA OC-CCI CHL-A ESA PAR PRODUCT (NEW) ESA INTEGRATED PRIMARY PRODUCTION PRODUCT ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 37 Saux Picart et al. (2014) RSE
38 Primary production ESA OC-CCI CHL-A ESA PAR PRODUCT (NEW) Validation ESA INTEGRATED PRIMARY PRODUCTION PRODUCT NASA PPARR Series Campbell et al. (1996) GBC Carr et al. (2006) DSRI Friedrichs et al. (2009) JMS Saba et al. (2011) BGS Lee et al. (2015) JGR ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 38
39 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 39
40 Export production ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 40 Laws et al. (2011) Limnology & Oceanography: Methods
41 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 41
42 Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 42
43 Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter September Climatology ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 43 Lee et al. (2002) Applied Optics; Maritorena et al. (2002) Applied Optics; Werdell et al. (2013) Applied Optics
44 Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter September Climatology Validation ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 44 Brewin et al. (2015) Rem. Sens. Environ.
45 Matsuoka et al. (2015) Rem. Sens. Environ. Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter DOC and CDOM in Arctic ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 45
46 Mannino et al. (2008) JGR Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter DOC and CDOM in Coastal waters ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 46
47 Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter DOC and CDOM in open ocean There is a complete lack of relationship between open ocean observations of CDOM abundance and DOC concentrations ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 47 Nelson and Siegel (2013) Annual Review of Marine Science
48 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 48
49 Source ESA: Ono et al. (2004) IJRS pco 2 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 49
50 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 50
51 Autonomous Observations x y + = z ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 51
52 Autonomous Observations ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 52 Dall Olmo and Mork (2014) GRL
53 Autonomous Observations Mixed-layer pump supplies between 0.1 to 0.5 Pg C yr 1 to the mesopelagic Dall Olmo et al. (2016) Nature Geoscience ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 53
54 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 54
55 Data assimilation PISCES ERSEM MEDUSA ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 55.html
56 Uncertainties in satellite ocean colour products Model-based error (error propagation)? Errors based on validation??? Carbon product ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 56? Carbon product
57 Figure courtesy of C.S. Rousseaux & W.W. Gregg From CEOS Carbon from Space Report Air-sea flux (FCO 2 ) pco 2atm ~0.9 Pg C Riverine input LAND pco 2water Dissolved Inorganic Carbon CO 2 HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 3 ~ 38,000 Pg C Primary production Respiration Particulate Organic Carbon Total chlorophyll a Total Carbon phytoplankton Particulate Organic Carbon Phytoplankton groups (Chlorophyll a) Phytoplankton groups (Carbon) Zooplankton & bacteria Detritus ~2.3 Pg C Dissolved Organic Carbon Non-coloured component CDOM ~ 662 Pg C Excretion Particulate Inorganic Carbon Particulate Inorganic Carbon Export Production Coccolithophores ~20 Mt C ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 57
58 Further reading ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 58
59 Further reading ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 59 CEOS-Strategy-for-Carbon-Observations-from-Space_Apr2014.pdf
60 Further reading ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Author ESRIN 18/10/2016 Slide 60
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