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1 a + + -/ /01,/ +, /, P./ P.+ P./ P.+ 11 (-) :.3.+0,,0,. +- / + ph -./../,.,,,.,.,/ Kjos, Tang, 0 : a,/,2/+ : fax :, mmitsurua#rc.go.jp 11 - :.3.+0,,0.3

2 +,2 +3./ +./ /+ -1 Lactobacillus rhamnosus , LWD : 1/.3 kg, : , +, / /, mg 1S : , 0 +,+ / -, TG T-cho HDL LDL Fe C-TG T-cho HDL NHDL LDL LDL Fe H11. /, 0 mm+/ mm, + cm +3.3,.+ g +,2 +,3+ Lux ; +,/+- Lux. AOAC g + +0 AOAC g UV-,.PC ISR-,, L a b C aba, b, +, h abtan + ba ver.,.1 Stewart +30/ /,/ nm /1, nm 11 - :.3.+0,,0.+

3 , TBARS Witte +31 Mitsumoto+33-, UV-,.PC +0L /-, nm TBARS + kg MDA mg MDA / SAS +322 GLM SAS GLM PDIFF Table +. Item Composition of experimental feeds for LWD pigs As fed basis () Moisture Dry matter Dry basis () Crude protein Ether extract Crude ash NFC TDN Formula (n+) 2.414/- +/4-4/ / Liquid + (n3) +, /4, / / /, Means/meansstandard deviations are shown. NFC, Non-fibrous carbohydrate ; TDN, total digestible nutrients. + Calcium phosphate tribasic, and vitamin and trace mineral premix were also provided to fermented liquid feed., TDN values of liquid feed were determined by digestion trials (n/) , -. L P.+P./ ;,. LWD Fig. +. E#ect of experimental feeds on live weight during 0 weeks before slaughter in LWD pigs. Leastsquares means and standard error bars are shown. : not significant (P.+), P.+, P.+. Liquid, fermented liquid feed ; Formula, conventional formula feed. P.+ ; - P.+ ;,-,/ LWD,+ L, a, b 11 - :.3.+0,,0.++

4 Table,. E#ect of litter group, sex, feed and tea catechins on growth performance and carcass characteristics in LWD pigs E#ect Daily gain + (g/day) Slaughter weight (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Dressing percentage () Backfat thickness (cm) Viscera weight (kg) Carcass grade, Litter group +st,nd Sex Barrows Gilts Feed Formula Liquid Tea catechins CNTRL SUPPL 201-/4+ 30/ ,-.4+ 2,0-/4+b a 3, /-/ , /3 +/4.+40.b /1a / /4+4,, 1,4,+4-/ ,,b a 1/43+4+1a ,,b 024.4,3a 004,4-,b / 014,4,2 0044,3b 02404,2a 01424,2a 00414,3b,4.4+.a +4/4+0b b,4,4+.a, ,0 ++4/4, , ,0 +,44,,a +4/4,b ++4.4, ,+,4,4.,4+4./,4+4.2,4,4-3,4-4.,44-3, Least-squares meansstandard errors are shown. a, b : within main e#ects, means with no common letters di#er (P./). : not significant (P.+), P.+, P./, P.+, P.+. CNTRL, unsupplemented control ; SUPPL, supplemented with /, mg tea catechins/day/head. + Daily gain was calculated during the feeding period of 0 weeks before slaughter., Carcass grades were assigned to + for Nami (Standard) grade,, for Chu (Select) grade, and - for Jo (Choice) grade.,/ + Lactobacillus rhamnosus ph -.2 +/.- +/., -.3 TDN TDN 1/.. kg, - 3-., kg, kg 10./ kg, 31.0 kg, kg 0 P.+ +,.-3 kg DM,.2- kg DM,.3.,.2,. 0 HDL LDL P P./ - +,, mgkg 2,0 g +/.. kg, 03.0 kg, cm +,0 g kg, 11.1 kg, 02.0,., cm P.+P./ ;, -./... P./ ; :.3.+0,,0.+,

5 Table -. E#ect of litter group, sex, feed, tea catechins and muscle on muscle weight, moisture and crude fat content in LWD pigs E#ect Muscle weight (kg) Moisture () Crude fat () Litter group +st,nd Sex Barrows Gilts Feed Formula Liquid Tea catechins CNTRL SUPPL Muscle + Biceps femoris Longissimus, a b a b b,4-4-0a 1,414,/b 1-424,2a 1, , ,/ 1-44, ,. 1-44,/ 1-404,. 1,434,..434,3a -44-,b ,2-4/4,3b.4.4,2a -4/4,2b.4.4,3a.44,2-434,2 Least-squares meansstandard errors are shown. a, b : within main e#ects, means with no common letters di#er (P./). : not significant (P.+), P.+, P./, P.+. CNTRL, unsupplemented control ; SUPPL, supplemented with /, mg tea catechins/day/head. + Muscles were dissected from the left side of carcasses at,. h postmortem., Longissimus muscle was removed from the /th thoracic vertebrae and the last lumbar vertebrae. P.+ ;, -,/ / ++ kg, kg Canibe Jensen,- +,. kg +./ kg P.+ ;, TDN Kjos,, P.+ ;. Kjos, + L, 0 HDL LDL P.+ Zembayashi / kg 11 - :.3.+0,,0.+-

6 Table.. E#ect of litter group, feed, tea catechins, muscle and day on meat color and lipid oxidation of ground meat during display at. in LWD pigs + E#ect L a b Chroma Hue angle ( ; degree) Metmyoglobin () TBARS (mg MDA/kg muscle) Litter group +st,nd Feed Formula Liquid Tea catechins CNTRL SUPPL Muscle Biceps femoris Longissimus thoracis Day Feed x Muscle Tea catechins x Muscle Feed x Day Tea catechins x Day Muscle x Day /043433a /,4/433b / //4+433 /.4,433 //4,433 /,414-2a /0414-2b //4/4.0 / /.4/4.0 14,4,1 0434,1 14,4,1 0434,1 144,1 14+4,1 1404,a 04/4,b 34/4,/a 144,/b.414,/c +-414/2 +,44/2 +,424/2 +,434/2 +,414/2 +-44/2 +, , a +,424+0b +,4+4+0c +/404/, +.44/, +.424/, +.424/, +.414/, +.434/, +/44+.a b a b c 0,40+40, , 0+4,+40, 0,4++40, , , /34042,b ,a //4.433c b 024/433a..4.,4.2./42,4.2./4+,4.2./4,4.2./43, ,4.2 /+4,422a b,,4/+41c /40+41b 0,4++41a , ,/ ,4++ 4, b b 42,4+--a Least-squares meansstandard errors are shown. a, b : within main e#ects, means with no common letters di#er (P./). : not significant (P.+), P.+, P./, P.+. CNTRL, unsupplemented control ; SUPPL, supplemented with /, mg tea catechins/day/head. + Sex as one of main e#ects was excluded in this statistical model because imbalanced sex data caused under-/ over-estimated mean squares kg, 1/.3 kg, kg, 1+.- kg, 00.1 P./P.+ ;, P.+ ;, +.3 kg, kg, 1-. P./P.+ ; - -./... P./ ; -,, kg +. g, - +, g +-, + /., g, - +/.0 g +,, + +,, mg 2, :.3.+0,,0.+.

7 /, mg Zembayashi / kg P.+ ;. Tang, - mg kg E, mgkg + +,, mg 2, /, mg 0, AOAC O$cial Methods of Analysis. +/th ed. Association of O$cial Analytical Chemists, Washington DC. Canibe N, Jensen BB.,-. Fermented and nonfermented liquid feed to growing pigs : E#ect on aspects of gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance. Journal of Animal Science, 2+ :,+3,-+.,,2.,2/,..+ : ++,.,/ 10 : +/,,.,. /3+ :.+... Kjos NP, Overland M, Arnkværn Bryhni E, Sorheim O.,. Food waste products in diets for growing-finishing pigs : E#ect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Acta Agriculturaœ Scandinavica Section A, Animal Science, / : +3-,..,., :,--. Mitsumoto M, Arnold RN, Schaefer DM, Cassens RG Dietary versus postmortem supplementation of vitamin E on pigment and lipid stability in ground beef. Journal of Animal Science, 1+ : +2+,+2+0.,- E No., : -+-, ,/ -3.,+ 0./,, -3 : +/1+0/. SAS SAS/STAT User s Guide. 0.- ed. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC. Stewart MR, Zipser MW, Watts BW. +30/. The use of reflectance spectrophotometry for the assay of raw meat pigments. Journal of Food Science, - : ,, -3 : /30/.,+ 1, :J,+/J,,-. Tang SZ, Kerry JP, Sheehan D, Buckley DJ, Morrissey PA.,. Dietary tea catechins and iron-induced lipid oxidation in chicken meat, liver and heart. Meat Science, /0 :,2/,3. Witte VC, Krause GF, Bailey ME A new extraction method for determining,-thiobarbituric acid values of pork and beef during storage. Journal of Food Science, -/ : /2,/2/. Zembayashi M, Lunt DK, Smith SB Dietary tea reduces the iron content of beef. Meat Science, /- :,,+,, :.3.+0,,0.+/

8 E#ect of Fermented Liquid Feed of Food Processing Waste and Dietary Tea Catechins on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality during Chilled Storage in Finishing Pigs Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Keisuke SASAKI, Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA, Mao SAEKI, Hiroshi TACHIKAWA + and Hideo YAMAMOTO + National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba-shi -/-/, Japan + Sekine Corporation, Fukaya-shi -002/01, Japan Corresponding : Mitsuru MITSUMOTO (fax : 2+ (),32-220, mmitsurua#rc.go.jp) Fermented liquid feed using food processing waste of cooked rice, tofu and bean jam waste was made by the addition of the lactic acid bacteria, which led to suitable for the nutrient demand and stable feed for the fattening pig. Dietary tea catechins was also combined with the liquid feeding to improve meat color and lipid stability during chilled storage. E#ects of the fermented liquid feed and dietary tea catechins for six weeks before slaughter on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality during chilled storage in finishing pigs were studied. The fermented liquid feeding increased (P./) daily gain, live weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness and crude fat content of muscle, and decreased (P.+) viscera weight compared to the formula feeding. Dietary tea catechins decreased (P./) carcass weight, dressing percentage and muscle weight, and increased (P./) fat content of muscles compared to the control. Dietary tea catechins did not improve (P.+) color and lipid stability during chilled storage. The data indicated that fermented liquid feed of food processing waste could be useful for the e$cient pork production, and that dietary high amount of tea catechins had no e#ect on oxidative stability of pork. Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho, 11 (-) :.3.+0,,0 Key words : Fermented liquid feed, Tea catechins, Pig, Growth performance, Carcass characteristics, Meat quality 11 - :.3.+0,,0.+0

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