,*+*. 1,*+* ,,- 0 0 ALT BMS, BCS, BFS, 0* 2+ (), ,,*+*

Transcription

1 + + +,,, ,, 233-/+0,*+* 1,*+* ,,- 0 0 / g-gtp, AST, ALT BMS, BCS, BFS, 0* 2+ (), 2+ 22,,*+* TDN,/,**2,**3 12 +*,**2 22,**3,**3 -*,**+,**- ;,**-,**-,**- : fax : *30,3 +**, kamiqa# rcgojp 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 2+

2 +,,**3 2,**2 + +, A, B, n 0 +,**2 n 0, -,, ;,-- * 2 1/3 0, kg,,- 3 * , kg Martens,**, AOAC +33* Krishnamoorthy +32, Roe +33+ Table + Chemical composition of the concentrate mix A, concentrate mix B,, and rice straw DM ( Fresh matter) / Chemical composition ( Dry Matter) TDN 2+4, *4* /4, Crude protein (CP) +/4, +*4/ CPs ( CP),/42,141 /+4,,4, CPd ( CP) /04, CPu ( CP) ,/4+ /043 CPb ( CP) * andfom,43 +/4 +34* 1+4/ ADFom 34, , EE 4- /42 / Crude ash 4+ -4, 34, +,42 NFC / ,40 Starch -4- /340,/4, -4/ Calcium *4+, *4*0 *401 *4-- Phosphorus *401 *4/+ *42+ *4*3 Magnesium *4,1 *4,* *4-- *4,- Potassium *410 *411,4/ Fatty acid composition ( Total fatty acid) +0 : * +2 : * +2 : + +2 :, +2 : -,* : * +/4,,4,,,4 // * ,/4 // *4 +24*,41,4, 14* 4/ *4 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 2, Concetrate mix A Concetrate mix B Rice straw DM : dry matter ; TDN : total digestible nutrients ; CPs : crude protein soluble ; CPd : crude protein degradable ; CPu : crude protein undegradable ; CPb : crude protein bound ; andfom : neutral detergent fiber ; ADFom : acid detergent fiber ; EE : ether extracts ; NFC : non fibrous carbohydrates

3 Goering Van Soest +31* GK-GPO +322 TDN NRC,**+ BCG LEDUV g-gtp, -* AST, ALT JSCC A -*,0 ++ /, */ 0/ / + -** kg 0 1 V, , Soxtec,*/* ;, + +,,**-, B */ kg */ N + * kg /* +* A CP-Sil 22 for FAME *,/ A+** S mm/* m, Chrompack +* ml A +** IU GC-,*+* 0 t + Repeated, Statement SAS +333, + Table, Feeding program for Japanese black steers during finishing period Control Treatment Concetrate mix A Concetrate mix B Rice straw Dry matter TDN CP Concetrate mix A Concetrate mix B Rice straw Dry matter TDN CP age (month),-,,,/,/,0,0,1,1, , 14, 04-,4,,4,,4,,4,,4, +4- *42 *42 *42 * *41 +*4- +* / 24, 24, 14/ +4/ ,,42 / , /4+,4/,4* *42 *42 *42 *42 ++4, +*41 +*4- +* * 24* / / kg (of Dry matter)/day/head ; TDN : total digestible nutrients ; CP : crude protein 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 2-

4 - + - TDN, CP,-,/ P **/,/,2 +, Figure + Changes in body weight of Japanese Black steers during finishing period The data represent Mean standard deviation (Control, treatment ) Table - E# ects of fermented containing brown rice and by-products on feed intake of Japanese Black steers during finishing period,-, month of age,,/ month of age,/,0 month of age Control Treatment Control Treatment Control Treatment Dry matter intake (kg/day) Concetrate A 04/ *40 4/ *42 04, *41,4/ *40 /4, *40 Concetrate B,4, *4*,4* *4*,4, *4* +41 *4+,4, *4* +42 * *4-4/ * *4- Rice straw +4* *4, +4* *4, NS *42 *4* *42 *4* NS *42 *4* *42 *4* NS Total 341 * *41 NS 34, * *4/ NS 24- * *4 NS TDN intake (kg/day) 141 *4/ 14+ *40 NS 14- * *4 NS 040 *4/ 14, *4- NS CP intake (kg/day) +4- *4+ +4, *4+ NS +4, *4+ +4, *4+ NS +4+ *4+ +4 *4+ NS andfom intake (kg/day),41 *4,,4/ *4- NS,4/ *4,,4, *4+ NS,4- *4+,4+ *4+ NS ADFom intake (kg/day) +4, *4+ +4, *4+ NS +4+ *4+ +4* *4* NS +4* * *4* NS Starch intake (kg/day) 4, * *4- * 4* *4- -4* *4, * -40 *4-,42 *4+ NS DG (kg/day) *40 *4,/ *4// *4-- NS *4/0 *4/, *4*+ *42, NS *4-2 *401 *42/ *40/ NS,0,1 month of age,1,2 month of age Control Treatment Control Treatment Dry matter intake (kg/day) Concetrate A /4* *4/ /4/ *4/ Concetrate B,4- *4+,4* *4+,40 *4,,4 *4, 041 *4 04/ *4 Rice straw *42 *4* *42 *4* NS *42 *4* *42 *4* NS Total 24+ *4/ 34/ *4 NS 34* *4/ 342 *4 NS TDN intake (kg/day) 04 *4 14/ *4- NS 14, *4 141 *4- NS CP intake (kg/day) +4* *4+ +4 *4+ NS +4, *4+ +4/ *4+ NS andfom intake (kg/day),4, *4+,4, *4+ NS,4 *4+,4, *4+ NS ADFom intake (kg/day) +4* *4* +4+ *4* NS +4+ *4* +4+ *4* NS Starch intake (kg/day) -40 *4,,43 *4+ NS 4* *4, -4+ *4, NS DG (kg/day) *4-0 *4* *4*1 *4+ NS Mean standard deviation ; TDN : total digestible nutrients ; CP : crude protein ; andfom : neutral detergent fiber ; ADFom : acid detergent fiber ; DG : daily gain ; NS : not significant ; * : P **/ 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 2

5 Table E# ects of fermented containing brown rice and by-products on plasma metabolite concentration and enzyme activity of Japanese Black steers during finishing period Initial th month Control Treatmnet Control Treatmnet Triglyceride (mg/ +** ml) +4, /4- +/4/ 043 NS , +/ NS Total cholesterol (mg/ +** ml) , NS +,1, +-3 +/ NS TP (g/ +** ml) 14- *4+ 14 *4, NS 14/ *4+ 14, *4/ NS Albumin (g/ +** ml) -4+ *4, -4+ *4, NS,43 *4+,43 *4, NS Urea nitrogen (mg/ +** ml) +/4- -4* +04/ -42 NS +4,4/ +-4,4+ NS g-gtp (IU/L),/ 0,2 1 NS,2 +* +2, * AST (IU/L) 3*,/ NS /1 ** ALT (IU/L),1 /,- + NS,/ / +3, * Vitamin A (IU/ +** ml), +- *,- NS -, + +3 NS Ca (mg/ +** ml) 342 *4-34/ *4 NS 340 *4 34 *4, NS P (mg/ +** ml) 14 *4-24* *42 NS 043 *4 14/ *4/ * Mg (mg/ +** ml),4/ *4,,4 *4- NS,4/ *4,,41 *4 NS K (mmol/l) 41 *4+ 41 *4 NS /4+ *4, /4+ *4/ NS Mean standard deviation ; NS : not significant ; * : P **/ ; ** : P **+ g-gtp P **/ AST P **+ ALT P **/ BCS P **/ - / CP CP BMS, BCS, BFS, TDN,* B TDN,1 A/ + A - A, + B/ + TDN A/ + A / +-* mg+** ml +333 CP CP 0-0 Huntington,**+ TDN CP CP CP A +, CP A CP /+* 0 3 CP CP +, A,,/ 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 2/

6 Table / E# ects of fermented containing brown rice and by-products on carcass traits of Japanese Black steers during finishing period Control Treatment Carcass Carcass weight (kg) /++ /- /,* -1 NS, Rib eye area (cm ) 0 0 0/ 2 NS Rib thickness (cm) 141 *41 24* *40 NS Subcutaneous fat thickness (cm) -4, +4,4/ *42 NS Yield score 1-4/ NS BMS No /41,4* 04, +4, NS BCS No 4* *40-42 *42 NS BFS No -4* *4* -4* *4* NS Beef meat brightness 4, *42 4, *4 NS Beef meat firmness 4* *4/ NS Beef meat texture 4, *42 4, *4 NS Beef fat brightness and quality /4* *4* /4* *4* NS Rib eye muscle at the 01 - th cross section Crude fat ( ) +4 24, NS Fatty acid composition ( Total fatty acid) C +0 : *,4, +40,40 +4/ NS C +2 : * , +42 NS C +2 : + -n , +43 NS C +2 : + -n1-4, *4/ -4- *4/ NS C +2 :,,4+ *4,4* *4- NS C +2 : - *4+ *4* *4+ *4* NS Fat melting point ( ),24* -4/,34-42 NS Mean standard deviation ; BMS : beef marbling score ; BCS : beef meat color score ; BFS : beef fat color score ; NS : not significant A / 2 A g-gtp, AST, ALT g-gtp, AST, ALT g-gtp -* IUL AST +** IUL +333 g- GTP AST ALT g-gtp 0- -* IUL - 3 BMS,**/ AST ALT 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 20

7 BCS, BFS, / 0* , +1/ Association of O$ cial Analytical Chemists (AOAC) +33* O$ cial Methods of Analysis +/ th edn Association of O$ cial Ana- lytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia,**- Ver, pp 3 +*,*,+ Goering HK, Van Soest PJ +31* Forage fiber analyses (Apparatus reagents, procedures and some applications) Agricultural Handbook No -13 ARS USDA Washington DC,**3 //,31-*+ Huntington G, Poore M, Hopkins B, Spears J,**+E# ect of rumi- nal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers Journal of Animal Science 13, /-- /+,**-,, 3/ 32 Krishnamoorthy U, Muscato TV, Sni# en CJ, Van Soest PJ +32, Nitrogen Fractions in Selected Feedstu# s Journal of Dairy Science 0/,,+1,,/,**-, - /, 0*,**+ + +,1-/ Mertens DR,**, Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre in feeds with refluxing beakers or crucibles : collaborative study Journal of AOAC international 2/, +,+1 +,*,** * -/,**/ D +** +-/ +*,**- 3 +,+,**3,+ p -1 National Research Council (NRC),**+ Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 1th rev edn National Academic Press, Washington, DC Roe MB, Chase LE, Sni# en CJ +33+ Comparison of in vitro techniques to the in situ technique for estimation of ruminal degradation of protein Journal of Dairy Science 1, +0-, +0* SAS +333 SAS/STAT User s Guide, Ver 2 SAS Institute, Cary, NC,**2 / ,** pp +3/,** 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 21

8 E# ects of fermented containing brown rice and by-products on fattening performance, plasma metabolite concentration and enzyme activity, carcass and meat traits of Japanese Black steers during finishing period ,, Mitsuru KAMIYA, Ikuo HATTORI, Eisaku TSUNEISHI, Masashi KAMIMURA, Akio HIDAKA, Seiichi NAGAHAMA, Yoshi-nori NAKAMURA and Kenji SATO, + + National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Koshi, Kumamoto ,, Japan, Kinkou Farm Co, Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima 233-/+0, Japan Corresponding : Mitsuru KAMIYA (fax : 2+ (*) 30,3 +**,, kamiqa# rcgojp) Twelve Japanese Black steers (,- 0 * 2 months of age, BW : kg) were used to study the e# ects of fermented containing brown rice and by-products on fattening performance, plasma metabolite concentration and enzyme activity, carcass and meat traits Six steers were given control diet (CON) and the rest were given experimental diet (EX) where part of control diet was replaced with fermented during / months Control diet had concentrate mix and rice straw Fermented contained -* brown rice, -* condensed liquid made from sweet potato distiller waste, ++ / dried soybean curd residue,,0 wheat bran, and,/ mineral mix (DM basis) The dry matter, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake were not significantly a# ected by the treatment We determined the plasma metabolite concentration and enzyme activity at initial and th month EX group had lower plasma g-gtp ( P **/ ), AST ( P **+ ), and ALT ( P **/ ) concentrations and higher plasma P ( P **/ ) concentrations than CON group at th month There were no significant di# erences in body weight change, average daily gain, carcass traits, and crude fat, fatty acid composition, and fat melting point of rib eye muscle at the 01 th cross section between treatments We concluded that brown rice and by-products intake (average 0* of the concentrate intake) did not a# ect adversely the feeding performance and carcass traits of fattening steers during finishing period Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 2+ (), 2+ 22,,*+* Key words : brown rice, by-product, carcass traits, fattening, Japanese Black cattle 2+ : 2+ 22,,*+* 22