Nutritional Basic s. Gary Niehues Purina Account Manager

Transcription

1 Nutritional Basic s Gary Niehues Purina Account Manager

2 Basics of Beef Cattle Nutrition historical perspective Early Nutrition research Focus on big picture, big issues Protein, Energy, etc Technological limitations Observations vs. measurements Still relevant and important today

3 Purina History Purina founder, John Danforth, observed that mules pulling barges up and down Mississippi River tending to work longer and more efficiently if fed grain as part of diet vs straight hay diet. Danforth was an engineer by trade, set out to develop feeds based on research.

4 1916 First Research Lab 1926 Farm Founded Established a Research Driven Focus

5 Session Goals Review Cattle Digestive System Understand How Rumen Turns Feed Into Energy and Protein Learn The Key Components To Healthy & Productive Rumen

6 Starting point.. Rumen Omasum Intestine Esophagus Abomasum Reticulum

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8 Access To Clean Water Is A Must Photo from Purina

9 Microbe Nutrient Needs Good Nutrition Carbohydrates Fiber Starch Nitrogen Source NH 3 Degradable Protein Non-Degradable Protein Minerals Macro minerals Trace minerals

10 Microbe Energy Needs + = Microbes Starch and Fiber Volatile Fatty Acids Acetate Butyrate Propionate

11 Microbe Energy Needs Fast vs. Slow Degradable Starch Good vs. Poor Quality Forage All grow different microbes that produce different amounts of VFA s and protein available to the cattle.

12 Microbe Mineral Needs < 0.29% Phosphorus X Lower feed intake X Reduced fiber digestion X Reduced microbial protein synthesis Wu and Ishler, 2002, Reducing dietary phosphorus in the dairy herd

13 Rumen = Fermentation Vat Billions of Microbes In The Size Of Your Thumb (1 ml) You Will Find 10,000,000,000 bacteria 1,000,000 protozoa 10,000 fungi

14 Types of Microbes Two main types Fiber digesting (prefer ph above 6.2) Starch digesting (active at ph from 5.4 to 7)

15 Microbe Sensitivity to Rumen ph 100% Fiber Microbes Neutral 7.0 % of Maximum Microbes in Rumen 0% Russell and Dombrowski, 1980 Population starts to fall B. Fibrisolvens F. Succinogenes S. Bovis S. Ruminantium Starch Microbes More Acid

16 Increased Feeding Frequency Rumen Microbe Population In Millions Per Gram of Rumen Fluid 4,300 1,750 2,490 1X Per Day 6X Per Day 24X Per Day Dehority and Tirabasso (2001)

17 Microbe functions Microbes digest feed and supply energy and protein to the animal Fermentation yields Volatile Fatty Acids Acetate, Propionate and Butyrate. Used by cattle for energy Microbes are flushed out of rumen with feed particles Microbes become protein and energy sources

18 ph Imbalance - Permanent Damage Healthy Rumen Papillae Scarred Rumen Papillae

19 Acidosis Liver Abscess

20 Meet Nutritional Requirements for the Microbes and the Animal Formulate With The Right Balance Of Energy, Minerals and Proteins To Optimize Your Herd s Productivity

21 Ultimate Up-cycling Program

22 But how do we do this? by feeding the rumen microbes

23 Balanced Diet Rumen Microbe Population % of Maximum Population 39% 63% 69% 100% Hay + Crude Protein + Mineral + Crude Protein & Mineral University of Missouri

24 The Cattle Cycle Returns The last time it got tight.

25 Beef Magazine 5 Places To Save 5 Places to Spend, by Clint Peck. September, Recommendations by: Dr. John Paterson, Montana State Dr. Ron Gill, Texas A & M

26 5 Places To Save 1. Cut Hay Waste 2. Feed More Crop Residue 3. Weigh and Sort Your Cows 4. Use Body Condition Scoring 5. Strategically Supplement

27 5 Places To Spend 1. Mineral Supplementation 2. Forage Analysis 3. Pregnancy Testing 4. Implants and Ionophores 5. Herd Biosecurity

28 Why feed mineral (and vitamins)? A mineral supplement is a management tool just like supplement feed. Failure to provide adequate mineral supplement may not result in clinical deficiency symptoms, but instead, unseen production losses. Dr. Ted McCollum, Texas AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist. BEEF magazine

29 Importance of Minerals Immunity Growth/Fertility Clinical Signs Sub Clinical Time Clinical Wikse, 1992

30 Mineral Nutrition A marathon, not a sprint Percentage bred Colorado State University, AI Year 1 AI Year 2 60 day PR Mineral source 95 Control Organic Standard

31 Why Do We Feed Mineral?? Reproductive performance More cows bred More cows bred early Cow health Uterine involution (shorter PPI) Energy utilization efficiency Better quality colostrum Calf health and vitality Stand and nurse quicker Consume better quality colostrum sooner Increased milk = increased weaning weight Deliver feed additives Prevention of disease Aid in performance improvements??

32 All Season Cattle Nutrition at or around Calving Ca, Mg, K, NaCl Milk Production Ca Milk Fever Prevention Se Retained Placenta Prevention Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Co Immune System P, Zn, Cu Fertility

33 All Season Cattle Nutrition During Lactation Ca, Mg, K, NaCl Milk Production Mg Grass Tetany Prevention Ca, P, Mg Skeletal Growth Sulfur (S) Containing AA Muscle Growth Zn Skin/Hoof Health P, Zn, Cu FERTILITY

34 All Season Cattle Nutrition Gestation Fe, Cu Blood production Ca, P, Mg, Mn Bone & Cartilage formation Sulfur (S) - containing AA Muscle formation P, Zn, Cu, Fe, Se Colostrum concentration IMMUNITY

35 Shorting Mineral May Drive Down Your Herd Profitability Small or Weak Calves Thief in the Night Decreased Weaning Weights Increased Sickness Reduced/Later conception Poor Immunity Decreased Milk Production

36 40% Of Herds Never Get Mineral Supplement Reasons Vary Cost too much My cows won t eat minerals My cows eat minerals like candy My herd is too small or too large to control intake We don t need minerals in our area

37 Consistent, Targeted Intake Which is worse? Poor consumption? High consumption? Will They Eat It? Both cost $$

38 Troubleshooting Low Intake Is there another source of salt? Is feeder availability and access adequate? Can the mineral feeder be moved to improve access? Is mineral provided in a protein/energy supplement? Has the mineral brand/type been changed recently? Does well water have a high salt/tds content?

39 Troubleshooting High Intake Have the cows been without mineral for an extended time? Is the mineral feeder next to hay, water, or a loafing area? Are wet feeds (silages) being fed or is the forage exceptionally lush? Has there been a recent change in mineral type or brand? Is it nearing weaning time?

40 Consistent, Targeted Intake Which is worse? Poor consumption? High consumption? Will They Eat It? Both cost $$

41 5 Places To Save 1. Cut Hay Waste 2. Feed More Crop Residue 3. Weigh and Sort Your Cows 4. Use Body Condition Scoring 5. Strategically Supplement

42 Feed more residue but make sure there is residue to consume.

43 5 Places To Spend 1. Mineral Supplementation 2. Forage Analysis 3. Pregnancy Testing 4. Implants and Ionophores 5. Herd Biosecurity

44 The Cattle Cycle Returns The last time it got tight.

45 Outside interferences does this sound familiar? Dr. David Secrist General Manager, Agri Beef I used to think that if feedlots would just listen to me and take my nutritional advice that I could eliminate half of their problems. Now I realize as GM that some of my biggest problems aren t the production side of our business. (nutrition, cattle, markets, etc.) Just getting employees to show up for work on time. In shape to work, able to work and able to follow instructions and routines.

46 Questions?

47 Sneak Peek Part II - Health & Immunology What We Do Here - Science Screen & Develop Non-Medicated Feed Additives